2. Learning
Objectives
Evaluate Evaluate the roles of CMS in health care.
Analyze
Analyze the integration of the collaboration of the
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Federal
Management Agency and their importance to disaster
management.
Describe Describe five U.S. governmental organizations and their
role in health care.
3. History and
the Role of
Government
in Health Care
Social regulation: focuses on an organizations’
actions such as those in the healthcare industry
that impact an individual’s safety.
The healthcare industry claims it is the most
regulated industry in the world.
Although there are nongovernmental
regulatory bodies in the healthcare field, most
entities are regulated at the federal, state, and
local governmental levels.
4. U.S. Government Agencies
U.S. Department of
Health and Human
Services
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Administration for
Community Living
(ACL)
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
National Institutes
of Health
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
Agency for
Healthcare
Research and
Quality
Indian Health
Service
Substance Abuse
and Menta Health
Services
Administration
U.S. Food and
Drug
Administration
Administration for
Children and
Families (ACF)
Centers for
Medicare and
Medicaid Services
(CMS)
Occupational
Safety and Health
Administration
(OSHA)
Surgeon General
and U.S. Public
Health Service
Department of
Homeland Security
Office of the
Assistant Secretary
for Preparedness
and Response
5. State Health Department’s Role in Health Care
Monitor
communities to
identify health
problems
1
Diagnose and
investigate health
problems and
provide education
about health issues
2
Develop policies to
support community
health
3
Enforce laws and
regulations to
promote health and
safety
4
Maintain vital
statistics
5
6. Local Health
Department’s
Role in Health
Care
Provide direct public health services to their
designated areas through
Immunizations
Screenings
Surveillance
Inspections
8. How Is Public Health Defined?
Public health was defined by Charles Winslow (1920) as the science
and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical
health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the
sanitation of the environment, control of community infections, and
education of individuals regarding hygiene to ensure a standard of living
for health maintenance.
The IOM (National Academy of Medicine (2016), in its 1988 Future of
Public Health report, defined public health as an organized community
effort to address public health by applying scientific and technical
knowledge to promote health.
Both definitions point to broad community efforts to promote health
activities to protect the population’s health status in contrast to traditional
medicine, which focuses on the individual.
9. How is Health Defined?
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as the state of
complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity (1942).
IOM (1997) defines health as a state of well-being and the capability to
function in the face of changing circumstances. It is a positive concept of
social and personal resources as well as physical capabilities.
According to the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM), health
is a state of physical and mental well-being that facilitates the achievement
of individual and societal goals (1992).
10. Social Determinants of Health
According to the WHO, social determinants of health are the conditions in
which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are
shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources at global,
national, and local levels.
11. Prevention Levels
Primary prevention activities focus on reducing disease development.
Examples are smoking cessation programs, immunization programs, and
employee safety education.
Secondary prevention activities refer to early detection and treatment of
diseases. Examples are blood pressure screenings, colonoscopies, and
mammograms.
Tertiary prevention activities focus on activities to rehabilitate and monitor
individuals during disease progression.
12.
13. What is Public Health?
According to the CDC the components of the Public Health System
include:
Public health agencies at state and local levels
Healthcare providers
Public safety agencies
Human service and charity organizations
Education & youth development organizations
Recreation and arts-related organizations
Economic and philanthropic organizations
Environmental agencies and organizations
