Fiber Identification

1. Fiber Identification Report
By; Syed Ahmed Khizar TEXT-176 Submitted to; Sir Imran Raza
Natural Fibers
Cellulosic
Fibers
Burn Test Microscopical Examination Solubility Test
Smell Residue Longitudinal Cross-Section
Sulphuric Acid
80%
Cuprammonium
Hydroxide
Sodium
Hydroxide 5%
Cotton
Burnt paper. Black or greyish ash
skeleton.
Raw & Bleached: Ribbon
like frequent convolutions,
sometimes changing
direction; distinct but small
lumen.
Kidney bean
shaped seldom
round or oval;
lumen as a line or
oval.
Dissolves Dissolves SwellsMercerized: For greater part
cylindrical smooth, ribbon
like fibers and fibers regions
more or less in frequent
lumen very small or
disappeared.
Most fibers round
or oval very small
or no lumen visible.
Kapok Burnt paper. Black or greyish ash
skeleton.
Cylindrical, smooth and
structureless, thin walled
containing air bubbles.
Thin walled, round,
some flattened.
Java – Dissolves
Insoluble Insoluble
India – Insoluble
Akund Burnt paper. Black or greyish ash
skeleton.
Cylindrical, smooth
structureless; very thin wall
often with transverse bends
but no twist.
Round partly
flattened very thin
wall.
Dissolves
leaving yellow
residue
Insoluble Insoluble
Jute Burnt paper.
Black ash smouldering to
blue colour.
Fiber bundles but no marking
Polygonal with
defined angles
Dissolves pratly
Marked swelling
without dissolution
Insoluble
Mesta and
Roselle
Burnt paper.
Black ash smouldering to
blue colour.
Fiber bundles but no marking
Polygonal with
defined angles
Dissolves pratly
Mostly dissolves
occasionally leaves
a small residue
Insoluble
True Hemp Burnt paper. White ash skeleton.
Fiber bundles with cross
marking nodes, fissure but
otherwise smooth
Mainly sharply
polygonal with
narrow, round or
oval lumen, often
as a mere line and
indistinct.
Dissolves pratly
and slowly
Mostly dissolves
occasionally leaves
a small residue
Insoluble
Sunn Hemp Burnt paper. White ash skeleton.
Fiber bundles with cross
marking similar to flax.
Polygonal but not
so sharp as jute,
walls laminated.
Dissolves almost
completely
Dissolves almost
completely
Insoluble
Flax Burnt paper.
Black or grey ash skeleton (if
well bleached – no ash).
Fiber bundles with cross
marking or dislocation marks
often in form of a cross.
Mainly sharply
polygonal with
narrow round or
oval lumen, also
rounded oblong
forms of lumen.
Dissolves almost
completely
Dissolves almost
completely
Insoluble
Ramie Burnt paper.
Black or grey ash skeleton (if
well bleached – no ash).
Large single fibers with cross
marking and many with
longitudinal striations.
Large thick walled,
flattened tubes
often laminated.
Dissolves Dissolves slowly Swells
Manila
Hemp
Burnt grass Greyish ash skeleton.
Smooth cross marking rare
but possible fiber ends
pointed or rounded tips.
Rounded slightly
indented also round
to elliptical ultimate
fiber – polygonal
cell wall medium to
some thick cells
with thin curved
walls.
Insoluble
Sisal Burnt paper. White ash skeleton.
Fiber bundles, thin walled on
markings with occasional
peculiar spiral vessel.
Polygonal in
outline with round
edges.
Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble
Coir Burnt paper.
No bead or ash formation
occurs.
Smooth, fiber ends blunt or
rounded.
Round, mostly with
cavity, ultimate
fiber polygonal to
round also oblong.
Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble

2. Fiber Identification Report
By; Syed Ahmed Khizar TEXT-176 Submitted to; Sir Imran Raza
Protein Fibers Burn Test Microscopical Examination Solubility Test
Smell Residue Longitudinal Cross-Section
Sulphuric Acid
80%
Cuprammonium
Hydroxide
Sodium
Hydroxide 5%
Wool Burnt Hair.
Form black bead.
Fairly cylindrical cuticle of
overlapping scales.
Round, also oval or
elliptical,
sometimes
modulated.
Insoluble
Does not dissolve
(stain blue)
Dissolves in
1 minute
Chlorinated
Wool
Burnt Hair.
Form black bead.
Similar to wool but scales
not so obvious.
Round, also oval or
elliptical,
sometimes
modulated.
Insoluble
Dissolves partially
(stain blue)
Dissolves in
1 minute
Silk (Raw) Burnt Hair. Form black bead.
Continuous double thread
with irregular masses
adhering.
Mostly triangular
with rounded
corners.
Disintegrates
and dissolves
Dissolves partially
(slowly and stain
yellow)
Dissolves in
2 minute
Silk
(Degummed)
Burnt Hair. Form black bead. Structureless filament.
Mostly triangular
with rounded
corners.
Dissolves Dissolves slowly
Dissolves in
2 minute
Silk (Weighted) Burnt Hair.
Retains shape as
ash skeleton.
Structureless filament,
usually continuous.
Majority triangular
with rounded
corner.
Insoluble Stain yellow
Dissolves in
slowly
Tasar or Tussah
Silk
Burnt Hair.
Retains shape as
ash skeleton.
Ribbon like, occasionally
twisted.
Mostly very long
triangles with
rounded corners
(wage-shaped)
Dissolves slowly Dissolves slowly
Dissolves in
Slowly to pulp

3. Fiber Identification Report
By; Syed Ahmed Khizar TEXT-176 Submitted to; Sir Imran Raza
Manmade Fibers
Synthetic
Fibers
Burn Test Microscopical Examination Solubility Test
Smell Residue Longitudinal Cross-Section
80% H2SO4
(m/m) at
Room Temp,
15 mins
HNO3(conc.) at
Room Temp.
15 mins
Acetone at
Room Temp.
20 mins
90% Phenol or
m-cresol at
Room Temp.
Polyamides
(Nylon 6,
Nylon 6,6
,etc.)
Burnt plastic. Round hard bead Featureless.
Round (circular)
occasionally with
triangular or 3
lobes.
Dissolves
Dissolves
(Rilosan does not
dissolve gets
fused)
Insluble Dissolves
Polyesters Burnt plastic.
Black hard irregular
bead.
Smooth
Round (circular)
occasionally with
triangular or 3
lobes.
Conc H2SO4-
dissolves
Insluble Insoluble
Dissolves at
boil
Polyacrilonit
rile (Acrylic)
Burnt plastic. Round black bead
Featureless striations in
case of Acrilan and Orlan
Round dohbone
(Orlon)
Conc H2SO4
Zefran
dissolves to
form orange
coloured
solution.
Dissolves Insoluble Insoluble
Regenerated
Fibers
Burn Test Microscopical Examination Solubility Test
Smell Residue Longitudinal Cross-Section
80% H2SO4
(m/m) at
Room Temp,
15 mins
HNO3(conc.) at
Room Temp.
15 mins
Acetone at
Room Temp.
20 mins
90% Phenol or
m-cresol at
Room Temp.
Viscose Rayon
Burnt
paper.
Fine black or
greyish ash.
Striated
Highly servated
(nearly round for
polynosic)
Dissolves Insoluble Insoluble Insluble
Cuprammonium
Rayon
Burnt
paper.
Fine black or
greyish ash.
Featureless.
Round,
occasionally oval
Dissolves Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble
Cellulose Acetate
Rayon
Vinegar.
Melts and forms
irregular bead.
Featureless.
Three lobes,
occasionally 2
and 4 lobes.
Dissolves
(yellow
colouration)
Dissolves
Secondary-
dissolves
Tri-insoluble
Swells,
dissolves slowly
(secondary
acetate)
Protein Fibers
(Casein, Ardil,
Zein, etc)
Burnt
Hair.
Burns slowly and
leaves black fluffy
ash.
Faint striations.
Round with
pittings.
Insoluble,
conc. H2SO4 –
diamonds
appear along
the
longitudinal
axis of fibre
with in 1 min,
phenomenon
transient.
Swell, slightly
stained yellow
Insoluble Insoluble

4. Fiber Identification Report
By; Syed Ahmed Khizar TEXT-176 Submitted to; Sir Imran Raza
Microscopic View of Some Fibers:
Silk:
Wool:
Kapok:
Flax:
Cotton:

5. Fiber Identification Report
By; Syed Ahmed Khizar TEXT-176 Submitted to; Sir Imran Raza
Jute:
Hemp:
Ramie:
Sisal: