This presentation is an introduction to Open Education, Open Educational Resources, and MOOCs.

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IntroductiontoOpenEducation
Dr.SajidIqbal
Department of Mechatronics & Control Engineering
UET Lahore.
sajid.iqbal@uet.edu.pk

2. 25 novembre 2017 | 9 AM - 5 PM
Cap-Haitien, Haiti.
OpenCon platform (http://www.opencon2017.org/) is for the next generationto learn
about OpenAccess, OpenEducation, and Open Data, to develop critical skills and
catalyze action toward for more opensystem for sharing the world’s information.
It is organized byScholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition
(https://sparcopen.org). This global coalition is committed to making open thedefault
for researchand education.

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 Open Education
 Open EducationalResources (OERs)
 Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

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United Nations (UN)has listed education among its millennium development goals
(MDGs).
Prof. Dr.Richard cataloged education and population as the top ten problems,which
humanity will be facing overthe next 50 years.

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Cap-Haitien, Haiti.

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Cap-Haitien, Haiti.
What is Open?
TheOpen Definition sets out principles that define openness,“Open
meansanyone canfreelyaccess,use,modify, andshareforanypurpose”.
Thekey features of openness are:
 Availability and access
 Reuse and redistribution
 Universal participation

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What is Open?
• Openaccess
• Open licensing
• Open education
• Open education resources
• Opensource
• Open data
• Open research
• Open science
• Openweb
• Open knowledge

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What is Open Education?
Open Education encompasses resources, tools and practices that are free of legal,
financial and technical barriers and can be fully used, sharedand adapted in the digital
environment.
Thefoundation of Open Education is OpenEducational Resources (OER),which are
teaching, learning, and research resourcesthat are free of cost and access barriers, and
which also carry legal permission for open use.

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Visualization of the History of Openness in Education

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Open EducationalResources (OERs)
Theterm OpenEducational Resources (OER) was coined at UNESCO’s 2002 Forum as,
“teaching,learningandresearchmaterialsinanymedium,digital orotherwise,that residein
thepublic domainorhavebeenreleasedunderanopenlicensethat permitsno-costaccess,
use,adaptation andredistribution byotherswith noorlimitedrestrictions. Openlicensingis
built within…” ---2012ParisOERDeclaration-UNESCO
Thedefinition of OER currently most often used is “digitised materialsofferedfreelyand
openlyforeducators,students andself-learnerstouseandreuseforteaching,learningand
research”.
-OrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)

11. 25 novembre 2017 | 9 AM - 5 PM
Cap-Haitien, Haiti.https://www.ecampusnews.com/top-news/oer-course-design-475/

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Types Of OER
Opencourseware
Open textbooks
MOOCs
Lesson plans
Syllabi
Lectures
Assignments
Quizzes
Videos

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Benefits Of OER and Open Education
 Open and flexiblelearningopportunities
 Increased efficiencyand qualityof learning resources
 Cost-efficiency
https://epthinktank.eu/2013/10/01/open-education-oer-ocw-and-moocs/

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Challenges Of OER
 Sustainability: OERs are resourcesintensive, in terms of labour and capital, both
for the development and ongoing maintenance of the materials
 Quality assurance:there are currently no formal quality standards.
 Accreditation: the validation of skills and competences acquired through OER has
yet tobeput in place.
https://epthinktank.eu/2013/10/01/open-education-oer-ocw-and-moocs/

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Textbook costs should not bea barrier toeducation.
E-books haveoffered little financial relief, and aretypically sold on a subscription basis
with heavy restrictions on access.

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MOOCs becamefamous, when in the fall of 2011, a professor of Stanford University
conducted a courseonArtificial Intelligence
Macmillan Dictionary defines a MOOCas, “acourseofstudyofferedovertheInternet
whichisfreeandhasaverylargenumberofparticipants” .

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According to IEEE CS 2022 report, with nanotechnology and quantum computing,
MOOCs areamongst top ten technologies that could changethe world by2022.

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Each new instrument—blackboard, radio, motion picture and television, was labeled the
most important advancement since Gutenberg’s printing press.
But from the start of newmillennium, it has been claimed that Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) aids could revolutionize education because they
absorb all these earlierinnovations.
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In 2002, MIT OpenCourseWare was initiated as an OER.
In 2006, Salman Khan taught mathematics to his cousins over the Internet.
From this OER movement, the first MOOC—Connectivism and Connective Knowledge
emergedin 2008.
At University ofManitoba, George Siemens andStephen Downes designed and taught this
MOOC.
Theseeds of this revolution are,thus, traced back to the early introduction of Internet in 1989.

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Disruptive innovation is an innovation, which makes an expensive andcomplex product
simplerand cheaper, and thus draws newcustomers.

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Initially, there was a lot of hype and no onewas quite sure
what impactMOOCs will haveon thefuture of education.
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Google Course Builder
OER University
Class2Go

23. https://www.class-central.com/report/mooc-stats-2016/
The“modern” MOOC movement is nowa half a decadeold.

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MOOCs for credit
Georgia State University and San Jose State University aregranting academic creditfor
MOOCs.
Georgia Techbecame the first university to launch a whole MOOC-based degree.
In partnership with Coursera, the University of Illinois has beenoffering the first open online
MBA degree—iMBA.
Many universities haveadopted MIT Micro-Masters model.

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Malaysia has becomethe first country in the world to develop a national policy oncredit
transfer for MOOCs.
TheIndian University Grants Commission (UGC) has issued guidelines for its MOOC
platform, the Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds (SWAYAM).
TheGazette of India has guaranteed credit mobility for MOOCs as, “Nouniversity shall
refuseanystudent forcreditmobility forthecoursesearnedthroughMOOCs”.
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Before the advent of MOOCs,a small group of teachers and administrators used to
discuss subjects like retention, pedagogy and assessment.
But such topics are under discussion nowand educational research is being emphasized.
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