Floral biology and Agronomical principles of cotton

1. Topic: Seed Production of Cotton
Couse Title : seed production in field crops
Course code: SST - 721
Submitted by:
M. SAI YASWANTH
19MSSDCI065
Msc.Ag.(SST)
Submitted to:
Dr.P.K Rai
Dept. Of GPB
SHUATS
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology
and sciences
Prayagraj (U.P.) - 211007

2. CONTENTS
• Botanical Classification
• Economic Importance of cotton
• Botany
 Habit
 Root
 Stem
 Leaves
 Inflorescence
 Flower
 Pollination
 Fruit
• Agronomical principles
• References

3. Botanical Classification
Family : Malvaceae
Genus : Gossypium L.
COTTON
Desi Cotton
G.arboreum
(2n=26)
G.herbaceum
(2n=26)
American Cotton
G.hirsutum
(2n=52)
G.barbadense
(2n=52)

4. Economic Importance of cotton
• It serves as a cash crop to the farmers
• Lint serves as raw material for the textile
industry
• Queen of fibre crops
• White gold

5. Habit : Annual herb or under shrub
Root : Tap Root System
Stem: Erected, Woody in nature, branched
Botany
Lateral branching is two types:
1.Vegetative/Monopodial 2.Fruiting/Sympodial

6. Leaves : Three to nine lobed,
palmately veined
Each leaf has two buds at its axis.
Floral bud is called SQUARE, protected by
three triangular bracts (epicalyx)

7. Inflorescence:
Solitary axillary
• Single flower develops
from the axis of leaves
& branches.

8. Flower : Large, Complete & hermaphrodite.

9. Calyx:
Calyx is reduced
to a small cup
shaped structure
with five lobes.

10. Corolla : Bright yellow,
5 petals
Gamopetalous.

11. Androecium: Numerous stamens
Monoadelphous condition.

12. Gynoecium:
Pistil consists of 3-5 carpels
Superior ovary
Single slender style with varying length.

13. Pollination : often cross pollinated.
Fruit : Dry dehiscent, capsule
Fruit is called boll.

14. AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES
Land requirement: Black cotton soils are
highly preferable.
Isolation : F - 50 m
C - 30 m
Season : Winter crop - Aug to Sept
Summer crop - Feb to March

15. Seed Rate : 8 - 10 kg/ ha (delinted seeds)
Spacing : Long duration - 90 X 30 cms
Short duration - 60X 30 cms
Manure &
Fertilizer :
Compost - 12.5 tons/ha
Total - 100:50:50 NPK kg/ha
Basal - 50:50:25 NPK kg/ha

16. Roguing : Remove the offtypes & diseased
plants first at seedling stage then at
vegetative stage, square initiation
& flowering stage.
Irrigation : Once in 10 days.
Field Inspections : 2
First - vegetative stage
Second - flowering stage

17. Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.
vasinfectum
Alterneria leaf blight Alternaria macrospora
Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora gossypina
Bacterial blight Xanthomonas campestris
p.v malvacearum
Diseases
Name Casual organism

18. Pests
Fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera
Pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella
Stem borer Sphennoptera gossypii
Spotted bollworms Earias vittella
Cotton Stem Weevil Pempheres (Pempherulus)
affinis
Name Casual organism

19. Harvesting : • Seeds attain physiological
maturation 45 days after
anthesis.
• Initiation of hair line cracks on
the dried bolls are the physical
symptoms of physiological
maturation.
• Bolls are harvested as
pickings.

20. Yield : 3 - 5 q/ha
Ginning : Removal of lint from the seed.
Acid delinting : Removal of seed coat hairs and
short fibres that remained
after ginning.
Treat the seeds with H2So4
@100 ml / kg of seeds & then
wash with water 3-4 times.

21. Varieties :
G. arborium : Lohit,Virnar
G. herbaceum : Digvijay,Sanjay
G. hirsutum : Ganganagar agety,
G. barbadence : Suvin and Sujata
(sujata is the first spinning variety of Egyptian
cotton released in India)
Bikaneri nerma

23. References :
1. A. K. Chhabra. 2006. FLORAL BIOLOGY of
Crop Plants. CCSHAU,Hisar.
2. Vishwanath koti. 2018. Seed Science and
Technology. UAS,GKVK, BENGALURU.
3. www.cicr.org.in