Hatch fitting short_new_1

S. Sandwich I
1975/76,
1980/81
Germany
Catch location
of Ps. georgianus Balleny
Russia
2004/05
Kerguelen
2003/04
Australia
Age and growth
of the Antarctic fish
Pseudochaenichthys georgianus
based on the otolith morphometry
Ryszard Traczyk
Shag Rock
S.Georgia I. S.Sandwich I.
S. Orkney I.
Elephan I.
K.GeorgeI.
Deception
Palmer A.
Balleny
Kerguelen I.

Pseudochaenichthys georgianus NORMAN, 1939 (Channichthyidae)
Problem: Age data of Antarctic fish, Ps. georgianus of
white blood South Georgia icefish.
This fish is spawning in February, March and April, then larvaes hatch in July. Postlarvaes were cought in January
spawning hatching catch
Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I

Age data for the first 2 years is easy to set up from the
observations and the catch
This fish is spawning in February, March and April, then larvaes hatch in July. Postlarvaes were cought in January

Fish, spawning in February, March,
and April

Larvaes hatch in
July

Postlarvaes found in
January or in December
have half a year

7
spawning hatching catch spawning hatching catch
Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I
1SP
R2
Age data from increases in hearing stones, otoliths and from the
observations and the catch

8
1SP
R2
15 mm TL
0.09 mm R1
Hatching larvae have otolith with 0.1 mm of radius and 15 mm of TL

9
1SP
R2
7.2 cm TL
1 mm R2
postlarvaes have 7 cm of TL, their otolith have 1 mm of radius

10
1SP
R2
21 cm TL
1.97 mm R3
XII XII
Next year we can find in December

11
1SP
R2
21 cm TL
1.97 mm R3
XII XII
fish with 21cm of TL, their age is 1.6 of year, their otolith
have radius of 1.97 mm.

12
1SP
R2
From the internal otolith morphology we can find:
Larval Nucleus

13
Larval Nucleus otolith of
hatching larvae of Ps. georgianus.

14
1SP
R2
It is otolith of hatching larvae with ~0.1 mm R1

15
1SP
R2
We can find Second Primordium

17
1SP
R2
This Second Primordium, growth during the year ~1 mm

18
1SP
R2
SP 1
ismarkofpostlarvae’sotolith

~ 1 mm Second Primordium
in otolith Ps. georgianus
SEM
2nmplatinum+palladium
1 mm

21
1SP
R2
that fish have age a year more:

23
Larval Nucleus enveloped by hatching
mark in otolith of Ps. georgianus

Second Primordium increases by 1 mm
in otolith of Ps. georgianus (age 1.6 y)
SEM
2nmplatinum+palladium
1 mm

Causes of errors: otoliths
– hearing stones have
various kinds of
1 mm

Causes of errors: otoliths
– hearing stones have
various kinds of
rings increments
from which
1 mm

it is difficult to choose the annual increments to

1 mm
It is problem: age from the number of
annual rings. Ageing of Antarctic fish
are commonly know as a difficult.
Additionally there is lack of a clear
seasonality in the Antarctic (long days
in the summer and long nights in
winter).

51
Assumption: We can estimate the age by reading daily increments
show up in the otolith slices, as concentric rings.
„accurate for
fish up to 6 yr old”
BROTHERS, E. B., C. P. MATHEWS, R. LASKER, 1976: DAILY GROWTH INCREMENTS IN OTOLITHS FROM LARVALAND
ADULT FISHES. NY, FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 74, NO. 1.

52
medial
section
Cuttings
otolith in
slices 0.02
mm thick
otolith slices after polishing
the surfaces show up daily
increments as
concentric
rings.

53
Nocturnal fish: Jones, C.D., K.-H. Kock, E. Balguerias. Changes in biomass of eight species of finfish around the South
Orkney Islands (subarea 48.2) from three bottom trawl surveys. Hobart : CCAMLR Science, 2000. pp. 53-74. Vol. 7.
The rings are evenly alternating bright with dark
In 1984, microincrements were verified in 43 species of fish as daily increments
larvae partJustification: It was proof that the smallest in microincrements of
otoliths are daily increments…

Nocturnal fish: Jones, C.D., K.-H. Kock, E. Balguerias. CHANGES IN BIOMASS OF EIGHT SPECIES OF FINFISH AROUND THE
SOUTH ORKNEY ISLANDS (SUBAREA 48.2) FROM THREE BOTTOM TRAWL SURVEYS. Hobart : CCAMLR Science, 2000. pp. 53-74.
Vol. 7.
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
SGI postlarvae smoothed Ye
mm
arising as a result of day and night metabolic cycle in the productions of otolith
matrix components.
Collagen deposite net at high concentrations ×10 at piks then
at opposites in the cycles: create dark piks
constx
T
Ay i
i
i
i
 
))
2
sin((
9
1


fitted line ; Tśr = 0.0021 mm; s = 0.00002

Collagen set up
cell net with
at high concentrations of
space matrix of the otolith

aragonite precipitates into gaps of colagen
matrix – so antiphasically.
CO3
-2
chelate
anion
plates
needles
0.001mm
tabletshairs

57
A part of cyclic changes in quantity productions, components
have special arrangement, and orientations in the space.

ice forming
For fish preying in the night this cycle result from locomotor activities:
large during the night and lower activity in the day

In the other way acid remove collagen and set up in otolith matrix rings of gaps alternate
0,01mm

with rings of aragonite needles
0,01mm

technical difficulties of the method.
Difficult and laborious execution of otolith slice with good visible of
daily increments.

Daily increments are easy determined from otolith of up to one
year old fish. This means counts only up to 365 increments
median section of sagittal (8 cm SL Ps. georgianus, 282 days).

such as 3600 for fish
10 years old, and it is not easy
Dorsal
margin on
transverse
plane

solution: use microdensitometer for measure optical densities
FC – photocell; ADC – Analog to Digital Converter (12 bits); SM – the step motor, tl – transmitted
light, y – an average of 10-th of d (digital value of U). Sample: polished sections of otolith median
sagittal plane (or film negatives or SEM projections of daily increments.

register by photocell (FC) and record
data on PC
to automatic registration of optical density of daily increments

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
Optical density of 57 daily increments in otolith slice from CP to LN
mm
CP LN
LN
Ps. georgianus

72
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
optical density along the radius of the nucleus. N = 1231 measurements
mm
60
80
100
120
140
0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
m

73
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
fragment of 0,042 mm - of 713 measurements
mm
713 measurements = 0.042 mm
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
m
m
2
16
713
1
)( 

 nn
n
xx
(- - - - - - - -)2

74
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
fragment of 0,042 mm - of 713 measurements
mm
713 measurements = 0.042 mm
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
m
m
2
16
713
1
)( 

 nn
n
xx
move the green line point by point
(- - - - - - - -)2

75
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 mm
(- - - - - - - -)2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
m
2
16
713
1
)( 

 nn
n
xx
at move the green line by 0.000941 mm
2
16
713
1
min )( 

 nn
n
xx
relative displacement of cycles of otolith optical density by 16 measurements (by 0,000941
mm) gave the first minimum of sum of squared differences = 1 cycle
1 minima

76
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
mm
.))
2
sin((
9
1
constx
T
Ay i
i
i
i
 


fitted line
215
225
235
245
255
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
nucleusedge
mm
y2: Day & Night harmonic component = 1.235)091.0
00091.0
2
sin(39.32  xy


and calculation of the number of cycles:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 mm
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01

78
Vol. 7.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
SGI postlarvae smoothed Ye
mm
min│∑(yₑ-yₓ)²│=360578
that are equals to number of daily increments.
constx
T
Ay i
i
i
i
 
))
2
cos((
9
1


0.01 mm
postlarvae part

0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01
SGI larvae smoothed Ye
mm
min│∑(yₑ-yₓ)²│=75510
larvae part
constx
T
Ay i
i
i
i
 
))
2
cos((
9
1



80
Vol. 7.
In 1984, microincrements were verified in 43 species of fish as daily increments0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.01 0.
SGI larvae smoothed Ye
mm
min│∑(yₑ-yₓ)²│=75510
constx
T
Ay i
i
i
i
 
))
2
cos((
9
1


larvae part

81
47 98
137
164 206
273
313
393
448
587
618619
y = -0.0004x + 0.0039
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
0.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
otolith radius R9 [mm]
Relativeopticaldensity
Otolithcenter
Otolithedge
Average width of daily increments in the 12 daily sequences
Profile of optical density of daily increments, along R9 for adults.
Number of daily increments in the sequences of ~12, 13 days from the center to otolith edge
Widthofdailyincrementsinsequences[mm]
(×10-3
)
0
2
4
6
8
114
112
CP - center
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35CP 36
N = 450, ā = 3.59×10-3
± 9.68×10-5
mm, s = 4.92×10-5
∑n=450dailyincrementstootolithedge
12
12
12
12
13
13
12
13
12
18
12
12
12
12
13
13
12
13
12
18
12
12
12
12
13
13
12
13
12
19
12
12
12
12
13
2
1

Larval
Nucleus
R9=0,048 mm
21 increments 24h,
Δ=0,0015 mm
check whether daily increment is unit among similar or not similar species
Hatching mark and similar width of daily increments: 0.0014 mm (larvaes), 0.0023 (postlarvaes)

21 days larval otolith in the otolith of juvenile ~6,5 cm C. gunnarii,
R9=0,048 mm, 21 days, Δ=0,0015 mm, postlarvae Δ=0,0024 mm

84
90)83.24
0024.0
2
sin(82.33  xy

.))
2
sin((
9
1
constx
T
Ay i
i
i
i
 


2
6
6
1
min )( 

 ii
i
xx
C. gunnari - similar daily increments and otolith shape

85
C. gunnari, empirical records of the optical density of otoliths
increments (blue line) and harmonic characteristics of the two
components of periodic growth of otolith: daily, by cycle of
0.0024 mm and weekly, by 0.026 mm.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.2
mm
90)83.24
0024.0
2
sin(82.33  xy

85)37.0
026.0
2
sin(27.291  xy

fitting sinusoids to series of 503 measurements.))
2
sin((
9
1
constx
T
Ay i
i
i
i
 



86
species
CP Larval Nucleus LN [mm] Juvenile [mm] Adults, Age group [mm] Age group [x/1000 mm]
R9 R9 width of daily increments R9 width of daily increments R9 width of daily increments width of daily increments
[mm] Aver. Min Max Aver. Min Max Aver. Min Max I II III IV V VI
georgianus R9 0,016 0,098 0,00186 0,000941 0,004 0,88 0,00284 0,002 0,006 2,12 0,00345 0,001 0,0055 3,83 2,79 1,36 0,45 0,53 0,81
C. gunnarii R9 0,013 0,048 0,0015 0,001 0,002 0,427 0,0024 0,001 0,005
C. aceratus R9 0,008 0,034 0,001 0,0006 0,002 0,32 0,0016 0,001 0,002 0,83 0,0015 0,0012 0,0028 1,5 2,4 1,7 1,4 1,4 1,5
S.japonicus R9 0,1 0,19 0,00051 0,36 0,00047 0,47 0,23 0,28 0,25 0,15 0,16
S.japonic. R11 0,1 0,4 0,00105 0,98 0,00165 1,6 0,7 0,3 0,72 0,6 0,8
M.carinatusR9 0,002 0,057 0,00114 0,367 0,00172 0,765 0,00109 1,09 0,86 0,87 0,88 0,77 0,61
M.carinatusR10 0,002 0,039 0,00078 0,123 0,00047 0,241 0,00032 0,32 0,24 0,32 0,32 0,33 0,27
M.carinatusR3 0,002 0,114 0,00228 0,734 0,00344 1,53 0,00218 2,18 1,73 1,73 1,75 1,54 1,22
Squid ,juv 0,002 0,022 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,34 0,005 0,004 0,006
Average R9 0,0082 0,0598 0,0015 0,00113 0,0025 0,4207 0,00235 0,002 0,0047 1,0188 0,00163 0,0011 0,00415 1,723 1,571 1,051 0,744 0,712 0,770
S errorSR9 0,00634 0,0326 0,000435 0,000602 0,001 0,238 0,00152 0,0014 0,0019 0,763 0,00129 0,00014 0,00192 1,467 1,221 0,618 0,509 0,525 0,558
0
0.0004
0.0008
0.0012
0.0016
0.002
0.0024
0.0028
0.0032
0.0036
larwy juvenes I II III IV V VI
S. japonicus R9
mm SGI – C. aceratus width of increment, first > next < on R9
SGI – C. gunnarii width of increment, larv. and juv. similar on R9
SGI – M. carinatus width increm. first > then < on R9, 3 but > for R10
SGI – S. japonicus, width all time > on R9 but < for R11
SGI – squid width all time < on R9
Compensation narrow in height R9
with width on length R3
Age
Group
0,005 mm
Theothericefishlarvaeshaveverysimilardailyincrementsandotolithshape

87
Larval Nucleus on transverse plane in otolith of juvenile of Ch. aceratus
R9=0.048 mm, 31 days, Δ=0.0015 mm

24 days larval otolith in the otolith of juvenile ~7.6 cm C. aceratus,
R9=0.048 mm, 31 days, Δ=0.0015 mm

89
larval otolith r = 0.024 mm in the otolith of juvenile
Trematomas newnesi (after R. Radke)

In the otolith microstructure daily microincrements show that in one
directions are very narrow and in the other directions are very wide.

Greaterpressurenetcompressed,smaller-alooseone
when in one directions their width are increase in the other
directions are decrease.

92
M. carinatus has longer OL than C.
aceratus, but it is not fast - it swim deeper
C. aceratus
M. carinatus
of pairs of
radii: dorsal –
ventral and
frontal- back
inversed proportions
This sugest that mass of otolith should be
constant parameter for growth of otolith

93
Ps. georgianus from South Georgia
and South Shetland I.
Age from otolith mass.
The otolith weight frequency indicated that there were
modes with normal distributions associated with the age
groups.
0.0644707
Ps. georgianus, Georgia Pd., 1991; N=293
the frequency of otolith weight; 52 class; MO, [g]Age group II
Age group III
Age group IV Age
group
VI
width class = 0.001896 g
40
10
20
15
25
5
0
45
50
555 25 4515 35
TL, cm
0.0606783
0.0587822
0.0265468
0.0284430
0.0739517
0.0170658
0.0094810
0.0758479
0.0777441
0.0037924
0.0075848
0.0113772
0.0151696
0.0189620
0.0227544
0[gram]
0.0303392
0.0341316
0.0379240
0.0417164
0.0455088
0.0493012
0.0568860
0.0682631
0.0720555
0.0530936
0.0056886
0.0132734
0.0208582
0.0246506
0.0018962
0.0322354
0.0360278
0.0398202
0.0436126
0.0474050
0.0511974
0.0625745
0.0663669
0.0701593
0.0549898
0.0796403
Age group 0
Otolith weight class containing a high
intergroup breaks
Age groups divide large intergroup breaks ~ 10 × larger than the intra.
Age group V
Age group I

94
0.00002546
0.00000273
0.00004818
0.00009364
0.00007091
60
20
40
30
50
10
0
70
0.0001087
0.00000435
0.00005652
0.00016087
0.00021304
0.00026522
100
120
20
40
0
0.07
0.04
0.02
[g]
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.08
male
female
Adults Ps. georgianus from S. Georgia I. -1990
0
0.0571
0.0698
0.0710
0.0638
0.0626
0.0650
0.0674
0.0614
0.0662
0.0686
=0,00204±
±0,0000557 g
N = 132
DN=0.0643
α= 0.99
χ2= 12.89,
7 st. swob.
P. ufn. = 0.0749
=0,0173±
±0,00147 gN = 172
DN=0.042
α=1
χ2= 7.41,
7 st. sw.
Pα=0.595
N = 64
DN=0.162
α=0,069
χ2= 14,14,
3 st. sw.
Pα=0.0027
=0,0444±
±0,00717 g
N = 72
DN=0.107
α=0,39
χ2= 18,1,
8 st. sw.
Pα=0.021
30
10
20
15
25
5
0
V
0.0263
0.0284
0.0305
0.0326
0.0347
0.0242
II III
0.03653
0.04747
0.04579
0.04663
0.04158
0.03821
0.03737
0.03905
0.04074
0.04242
0.04411
0.03989
0.04326
0.04495
0.04831
0.0535
0.0547
0.0487
0.0511
0.0559
0.0499
0.0523
0.0582
0.0594
0.0606
IV
0.0221
0.0177
0.0136
0.0125
0.0146
0.0167
0.0188
0.0209
0.0156
0.0198
0.0219
0.012
0.01
0.011
0.005
0.001
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.003
0.007
0.009
0
d = 0,000182 g;
I
difference=~0,0085g
difference=~0,0042g
d = 0,00052 g;
difference=~0,0079g
d = 0,00211 g;
difference=~0,0049g
d = 0,00084 g;
=0,0548±
±0,00415 g
N = 114
difference=~0,0045g
d = 0,00119 g;
=0,0635±
±0,00335 g
N = 31
DN=0.107
α=0,39
χ2= 18,1,
8 st. sw.
Pα=0.021
d = 0,001194 g;
=0,0314±
±0,00367 g
0.0003286
0
0.0001143
0.0005429
10
0
5
=0,000343
s=0,000333 g
0.00007143
0.00001429
0.00012857
0.00018571
0.00024286
0.00030000
0.00035714
0
30
10
20
15
25
5
0
35
40
45
50
=0,000113
s=0,000544 g
0.00010789
0
0.00005526
0.00016053
0.00021316
0.00026579
0.00031842
0.00037106
20
10
0
=0,000148
s=0,000148 g
25
30
10
20
15
5
35
40
45
50
0
0.00053333
0
0.00025556
0.00081111
0.00108888
=0,000198
s=0,000544 g
=0,0000508
s=0,0000047 g
=0,0000205
s=0,000045 g
S.G. 1989/90
Age groups are separated by large distances
between groups in frequency
of otolith mass.

95
·10-3g
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Age groups (0-6): in length class ( - TL, cm) and in otolith mass class ( - MO, gram), * - homogeneous groups - test
otolithmass,MO,[g]/lengthTL,[cm]
1987/88 (15 XII-04 I)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1988/89 (1-10 II)
1989/90 (02-29 I)
N=800/3001 N=486/884
N=1008/605 N=588/2097
F=999.99
F=999.99
F=761/999
L∞=63.39±1,22; k=0,33±0,031;
t0=-0,007±0,00054
R2=0,98; error=10,32
L0=0,15; ϕ=3,12
a=2.457·10-3 ±5.991·10-4
b=0.0135 ±2.1265·10-4
corr. coef. = 0.963
s=3.957·10-3
L∞=68.06 ±0.653
k=0.29 ±0.0135
t0=-0.008 ±0.00012
R2=0.98; error=7.32
s=2.702
a=3.067·10-3 ±4.35·10-4
b=0.0131 ±1.594·10-4
corr. coeff.=0.983
R2 =96.55%
s=3.25·10-3
F=33.81
L∞=61.53 ±0.66
k=0.35 ±0.0071
t0=0.007 ±0.00011; L0=0,15
R2 =0.99; error=4.31
s=2.074; ϕ=3.12
a=3.524·10-3 ±2.065·10-4
b=0.01284 ±2.229·10-5
corr.coef. .=0.988
s=3.191·10-3
R =97.66%
F=51.437 L∞=61.03 ± 0.396
k=0.35 ±0.0063
t0=0.007 ±0.00011
R2 =1; error=5.623
s=2.37021
a=4.34·10-3 ±3.26·10-4
b=0.0127 ±1.265·10-4
corr..coef .=0.986
R =97.19%
s=3.128·10-3
F=18.292
t [years]:
[cm]
1986/87 (10-12 XII)
N=239/2812
a=3.168·10-3 ± 5.195·10-4
b=0.01282 ± 1,756·10-4
corr. coef. = 0.979
R2=95.81%
s=3.062·10-3
F=4.827
* * *
0-4
16
36
56
20
40
60
8076
0-4
16
36
56
20
40
60
8076
R2 =92.82%
* **
* *
0-4
16
36
56
20
40
60
8076
1990/91 (05-30 I)
L∞=65.45±1,74;
k=0,28±0,03;
t0=-0,008±0,0047
R2=0,98; s=2,03; F=999,99
L0=0,15; ϕ=3,08
L0=0,15; ϕ=3,13
L0=0,15; ϕ=3,12
L∞=63.47; k=0,32; t0=-0,0074
R2=0,99; L0=0,15; ϕ=3,11
-
a=1,852·10-4
b=0.0122
R2=99.7%
86/87 87/8885/86 88/89 89/90 90/91 91/92
After confirmation that groups
in otolith mass frequency
differ by annual
increment

96
TL=21,3cm; s=2,5 cm; N=41
=0,0171g; s=0,0022 g
range: (0,0124g-0,0257g
I=6
34,6; 2,4 cm; N=54
0,0312; 0,0025 g
(0,0257-0,037
I=5.3
Subantarctic S. Georgia
10 I 79 - 29 III 79
45,6; 1,8 cm; N=12
0,0442; 0,0025
(0,037-0,049
I=4.8
50,5; 1,3 cm; N=34
0,056; 0,0025 g
(0,049-0,063
I=2.6
51,3; 1,7 cm; N=28
0,0633; 0,0031
(0,063-0,071)
I=3.1
53cm;0,0716g;
>0,071
A=81,98*OW-0,483
R2=0,97; N=170
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
agegroup
No
47,6; 1,86 cm; N=229
0,043; 0,0028 g
I=3.5
30,5; 1,63 cm; N=11
0,0235; 0,0014 g
I=6.2 49,9; 2,1 cm; N=52
0,0532; 0,003 g
I=5
51,1; 1,81; N=8
0,0664; 0,0022 g
Antarctic Zone
30 XII 78 - 25 III 79 42,1; 2,24 cm; N=94
0,0334; 0,0018 g
I=4.2
A = 88.048∙OW+0.5222
R² = 0.89
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0.0100
0.0120
0.0140
0.0160
0.0180
0.0200
0.0220
0.0240
0.0260
0.0280
0.0300
0.0320
0.0340
0.0360
0.0380
0.0400
0.0420
0.0440
0.0460
0.0480
0.0500
0.0520
0.0540
0.0560
0.0580
0.0600
0.0620
0.0640
0.0660
0.0680
0.0700
0.0720
0.0740
agegroup
N
OW [g]
Ps. georgianus of South Georgia has a heavier otoliths and larger TL than from the Antarctic, but
increases their masses are similar.
Separating indexes neighbouring peaks in the otolith frequency: I>2, and shows significant distances between age groups
the age of the fish shall be determined by weighing of otolith.

97
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
OW=(t +0.5222)/88.0481; [g]TL, cm
Age Group, t [years]
circles - Subantarctic South Georgia I., 10.I.1979-29.III.1979:
Lt=66.1(1-e-0.28(t+0.008)); L0=0.15cm; N=172;
R2=0.98; '=3.09.
squares - Antarctic Zone, 30.XII.78-25.III.79:
Lt=66.32(1-e-0.26(t +0.0087)); L0=0.15 cm;
N=394; R2=0.99; '=3.06;
t=88.048*OW-0.5222; R2=0.89
Compare growth curves of Von Bertalanffy for Ps. georgianus, from Antarctic and Subantarctic
Zones. Small marks are the estimated age, and large marks are their averages.
Otolith are species-specific and within species should be characterized by similar features.
Growth curves of Bertalanffy for fish from South Georgia and from Antarctic as was to be
expected are similar. The earlier development of the species in warmer South Georgia giving
larger body and a few months older age.

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