This document provides an introduction and overview of biometrics. It defines biometrics as the automatic identification of individuals based on physiological or behavioral characteristics. It discusses the history of biometrics from ancient China to modern use by law enforcement. It also outlines several key factors used to evaluate biometric techniques, including universality, uniqueness, and permanence. Finally, it describes some common biometric methods like fingerprints, iris recognition, and DNA, and explains how they work.

1. BIOMETRICS
SUBMITTED BY:-
1.Ruchi Kalra
BBA 3rd SEM “B”SUBMITTED TO:-
Prof. Deepesh
Mamtani

2. INTRODUCTION
o Biometrics can be divided into two words :-
“BIO” which means LIFE + “METRICS”
which means to MEASURE.
o Biometrics refers to the automatic
identification of a person based on his or
her physiological or behavioral
characteristics.

3. history
 The term “Biometrics” is derived from the
Greek words bio (life) and metric (to measure).
 The first known example of biometrics in
practise was a form of finger printing being used
in China in the 14th century by “Joao de
Barros.”
 “Bertillonage” a method of bodily measurement
was used by police authorities.
 The police then used finger printing which was
developed by Richard Edward Henry of
Scotland yard.

4. FACTORS
• The selection of a particular biometric for use in a
specific application involves a weighting of several
factors.
• These factors were introduced by JAIN ET AL in
1999.
• Factors are:-
1. Universality
2. Uniqueness
3. Permanence

5. FACTORS (CONT…)
4. Measurability
5. Performance
6. Acceptability
7. Circumvention

6. FUNCTIONALITY/ WORKING

7. TYPES OF BIOMETRICS
PHYSIOLOGICAL
1.FINGERPRINT
2.FACE RECOGNITION
3. IRIS RECOGNITION
4. DNA
5. PALM PRINT
6. HAND GEOMETRY
BEHAVIOUR
1. TYPING RHYTHM
2. GAIT
3. VOICE

8. A. PHYSIOLOGICAL BIOMETRICS
1) FINGER-PRINT:-
a) A fingerprint is the feature pattern of a
finger, which has hills/ridges and
valleys/furrows.
b) Each individual has unique fingerprints
so the uniqueness of a fingerprint is
exclusively determined by the local ridge
characteristics and their relations.
c) Also called as DACTYLOSKOPY(Greek
word, meaning fingers).

9. DIFFERENT IDENTIFICATION
ON FINGER PRINTS
1. Crossover
2. Core
3. Bifurcation
4. Ridge ending
5. Island
6. Delta
7. Pore

11. Working:- Finger print
• Fingerprint recognition system operates in
3stages:-
1) Fingerprint acquiring
device
2) Minutia extraction
3) Minutia matching

12. Working finger-print(cont..)
2) Minutia extraction diag.

13. Working of finger-print (cont..)
3. Minutiae Matching
• Point pattern matching
• Minutia matching
• Alignment

14. IRIS RECOGNITION
• The iris is the only internal organ of the
body normally visible externally.
• Iris recognition is an AUTOMATED
METHOD.
• Uses infrared illumination
• Mathematical & Statistical pattern
recognition of iris.

16. REAL EXAMPLE OF IRIS
RECOGNITION

17. SCIENCE BEHIND IT……!
OPERATOR
IMAGE
ACQUISITION
IMAGE
IRIS
LOCALIZATION
DIGITIZING
IMAGE
NUMERIC
CODE
PATTERN
MATCHING
CODES SAVED
IN DATABASE

18. Gadgets made with the concept of
iris recognition

19. That’s All Folks!!!