The Fracturing of the New Deal Coalition

The Fracturing of the New Deal Coalition
The “credibility” issue: Many will increasingly distrust what
their government tells them. The Vietnam War will indicate to
many that their government cannot be trusted.
In the 1950s, many regarded the government as the engine of
growth. Between the 1950s and 1960s, however, many began to
grow suspicious of government action. Rather than providing
for an improved
McCarthyism
Student Activism
Students for a More Democratic Society
“The Port Huron Statement,” 1962
“We are people of this generation, bred in at least modest
comfort, housed now in universities, looking uncomfortably to
the world we inherit.”
Answering a Question on the Review Sheet!!!
How did fear of foreign communism help to shape post-war
American culture? Why were many concerned that the effort to
fight communism overseas my have a negative impact on
Freedom and democracy at home?

The Civil Rights Era or the Black Freedom Movement
Historians have had a tendency to isolate the events of the late
1950s and the 1960s from the broader chronology of African
Americans pushing for civil rights.
The Life of Ella Baker
Ella Baker’s life demonstrates the difficulty of limiting the civil
rights era to the 1950s and 1960s.
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
From Chief Justice Earl Warren’s decision: “We come then to
the question presented: Does segregation of children in public
schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical
facilities and other ‘tangible’ factors may be equal deprive the
children of the minority group of equal educational
opportunities? We believe that it does.”
The Actions of Civil Rights Activists also helped to build
momentum for Civil Rights
Montgomery Bus Boycotts, 1955 -- largely failed to get
national attention.
Violence in other places around the South, however, provided
powerful images for the national media.
Little Rock, Arkansas
In 1957, President Eisenhower sent the 101 Airborne division to

enforce a court order forcing integration of Central High School
in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Woolworth Sit Ins
In 1960, four black college students from North Carolina A&T
in Greensboro decided to sit at the “whites only” counter in
their local F.W. Woolworth and order coffee and doughnuts.
For the Michigan students who would organize the SDS in 1962,
it seemed like an advance for democracy and were excited about
joining the movement to topple Jim Crow in the United States.
How was the “sit-in” movement of 1960 an outgrowth of earlier
protests? What major differences divided the various groups—
SNCC, SCLC, NAACP, CORE, and others—that were active in
protesting against white supremacy in the 1960s?
Violence in Birmingham
Growing Pressures on the Democratic Party
In the 1960s, the Democratic Party would suffer the impossible
challenge of defeating communism, satisfying the concerns of
student activists, meeting the demands of African American
activists and keeping the political support of suburban America.
For a growing conservative movement, the Democratic Party
was increasingly implicated in the kinds of protests that they
believed were tearing a nation apart.

The Vietnam Conflict
French colonization and the abandonment of Vietnam by France
after the defeat at Dien Bien Phu in 1954
Two separate Vietnams were set up in the peace negotiations.
Eisenhower responded to the situation by sending military
advisors to the South.
Kennedy and the War on Communism
In 1960, Kennedy won a very close election with Richard
Nixon.
Democrats tended to be sensitive to the claim that they were
soft on communism
Kennedy took a hard line with the Castro revolution in Cuba in
1959. In 1961, Kennedy sent Cuban refugees trained by the
CIA back into Cuba to try and foment a counter-revolution
Kennedy and Escalation in Vietnam
Kennedy also hoped to draw upon a newly trained group of
soldiers known as the “Green Berets”
Kennedy the Cold Warrior
Increased funding for NASA seen as a military necessity
Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962.
Domestic Agenda
Kennedy made promises to Civil Rights activists that their

demands would be met with new legislation, but little was
actually accomplished
The Johnson Administration
Became President in 1963 after the assassination of Kennedy.
Had much more success in getting his agenda passed through
Congress than Kennedy.
Accomplishments of the 1960s
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
Johnson’s Domestic Program
Johnson’s “Great Society” and his war on poverty
Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 1965
The creation of Medicare and Medicaid
Aid to Families with Dependent Children, 1964
“Head Start”
What were the policies of Lyndon Johnson?
Escalation in Vietnam and Further Splintering in the New Deal
Coalition
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 1964

Why did Johnson escalate America’s commitment in Vietnam?
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S. (1964)
Part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination
by restaurants, motels, movie theaters, etc.
Supreme Court ruled in favor of the United States: “It is said
that the operation of the motel here is of a purely local
character. But…the power of Congress to promote interstate
commerce also includes the power to regulate the local
incidents thereof.”
Orange County, California and the Rise of a new Conservatism
Much of the change taking place within the Republican Party
reflected grassroots efforts in the new suburban centers around
the country.
Proposition 14
Proposition 14 of 1964 passed by wide margins in the suburbs –
“Neither the State nor any subdivision or agency thereof shall
deny, limit or abridge, directly or indirectly, the right of any
person, who is willing or desires to sell, lease or rent any part
or all of his real property, to decline to sell, lease or rent such
property to such person or persons as he, in his absolute
discretion, chooses.”
Increasing Conservatism of the Suburbs

Why did many suburbanites grow suspicious of government
intervention in the economy during the 1960s?
A Nation Coming Apart
By the Johnson administration, Democratic domestic programs
were pulling the nation apart.
The war in Vietnam escalated divisions within the Democratic
Party.
Barry Goldwater and the Election of 1964
Goldwater lost miserably to Johnson, but his candidacy
demonstrated the ways that Republicans were changing in the
the 60s and 70s.
The political map also indicated the changes taking place within
the Democratic Party’s voters. Noticeably, Southern States
were switching their political allegiance.
The Tet Offensive, 1968
In 1967, the military assured the American people that they
were nearing victory in South Vietnam.
The Farm
Inspired by the counterculture of young people in the late
1960s, a group of about 100 to 200 individuals purchased land
in rural Tennessee and started a utopian community in the early

1970s.
Why did many Americans feel that their government was not
telling them the whole truth about the war? How did many in
the younger generation respond to their frustrations with the
Vietnam War?
The Black Panther Movement in Oakland
On an afternoon in May of 1967, members of the newly
organized Black Panther party presented their demands at the
capitol in Sacramento armed with rifles.
Among their calls for community empowerment, the Black
Panther Party called for “full employment for our people” and
“decent housing” reflected both the Black Panther Party’s sense
that black urban areas had become the colonies of the white
suburbs.
Race Riots in the late 1960s
Johnson a Confused and Beaten Man
“Hey, Hey, LBJ, How many kids did you kill today”
Because of his growing unpopularity, Johnson chose not to run
for reelection in 1968.
The Chicago, Democratic Convention of 1968

Why were so many people around the nation upset with Johnson
in 1968?
At last, when his wits were gone beyond repair, he came to
conceive the strangest idea that ever occurred to any madman in
this world. It now appeared to him fitting and necessary, in
order to win a greater amount of honor for himself and serve his
country at the same time, to become a knight-errant and roam
the world on horseback, in a suit of armor; he would go in quest
of adventures, by way of putting into practice all that he had
read in his books; he would right every manner of wrong,
placing himself in situations of the greatest peril such as would
redound to the eternal glory of his name (Norton 1678).
AuthorTime/Date of CompositionContextual
InformationFormMajor Themes
Preview
AuthorMiguel de Cervantesb. 1547; d. 1616 CENovelist,
playwright, and poetKnown worldwide for writing Don Quixote,
which has been translated into over sixty languages
Miguel de Cervantes by Mackenzie, c. 1600 CE
(via Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

AuthorMiguel de Cervantes was born in a university town close
to Madrid, SpainAt the time, Madrid was not yet the capital of
SpainSome argue he may have come from a converso
familyConverso is a word meaning “convert”; conversos were
people who converted from Judaism or Islam to Christianity
(from “Map of Spain and Portugal” by Nathan
Huges Hamilton, April 30, 2014 via Flickr, Creative
Commons Attribution)
Cervantes led an interesting and colorful life, characterized by
his time as a soldier, government official, and
writerSoldierServed in the Spanish navy under Don Juan de
Austria (the illegitimate son of the Holy Roman Emperor and
king of Spain, Charles V)Fought in the Battle of Lepanto, where
“though stricken with a fever, he refused to stay below and
joined the thick of the fighting. He received two gunshot
wounds in the chest, and a third rendered his left hand useless
for the rest of his life” (from “Miguel de Cervantes” in
Encyclopedia Britannica)
Author
Author
(Battle of Lepanto by Andrea Vicentino, 1604 via Wikimedia)
He spent the next few years serving as a successful and well-
paid soldierIn 1575, the ship he was on was captured and he was
taken prisoner by pirates and sold to the viceroy of Algiers (a
city in Algeria)Despite four separate attempts to escape,
Cervantes spent the next five years in captivity

Author
AuthorUpon his return, Cervantes established himself in the
literary circles of MadridHis literary career began c. 1585 when
he sold the rights to two early plays and then published a
pastoral romance called La Galatea
(Title Page of the 1st Edition of La Galatea
via Wikimedia Commons)
His early work didn’t pay well or make him particularly
reputable; in fact, he spent most of his life struggling to make
ends meetHe wasn’t really famous until the early 17th
centuryAfter his return to Spain, Cervantes held various
government positions (Commissioner of Supplies for the Royal
Armada and tax-collector in Granada) and spent a great deal of
time in jailMostly due to business problems
Author
There is a famous description of Cervantes in the prologue to
his Exemplary Stories (in Spanish: Novelas ejemplares):of
aquiline countenance, with dark brown hair, smooth clear brow,
merry eyes and hooked but well-proportioned nose; his beard is
silver though it was gold not 20 years ago; large moustache,
small mouth with teeth neither big nor little, since he has only
six of them and they are in bad condition and worse positioned,
for they do not correspond to each other; the body between two
extremes, neither tall nor short; a bright complexion, more pale
than dark, somewhat heavy in the shoulder and not very light of
foot.
(from “Miguel de Cervantes” in Encyclopedia Britannica)
Author

AuthorCervantes died in 1616 on April 22nd from edema, a
build up of fluid in the tissues of your bodyAbout a week after
Shakespeare died in England!
(Cervantes Monument in the Plaza de
España, Madrid, Spain by Elisa Cogbill-Seiders)
Part one of Don Quixote (in Spanish: El ingenioso hidalgo don
Quijote de la Mancha) was published in 1605Cervantes
published part two of Don Quixote (in Spanish: Segunda parte
del ingenioso caballero don Quijote de la Mancha) in 1615A
person who called himself Alonso Fernández de Avellanada
published a fraudulent sequel in July 1614; in it, he attacks and
insults CervantesProbably what prompts the serious tone of
Cervantes’ prologue in the second part of Don Quixote
Time/Date
“What I cannot but resent is the fact that he describes me as
being old and one-handed, as if it were in my power to make
time stand still for me, or as if I had lost my hand in some
tavern instead of upon the greatest occasion that the past or
present has ever known or the future may ever hope to see. If
my wounds are not resplendent in the eyes of the chance
beholder, they are at least highly thought of by those who know
where they were received… The scars that the soldier has to
show on face and breast are stars that guide others to the
Heaven of honor…” (465)
Time/Date
Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote at a time when Spain
was an empireThe Spanish empire stretched around the world,

but mostly included parts of Central AmericaModern-day
California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and TexasWestern
South AmericaParts of the CaribbeanParts of North AfricaParts
of the South Pacific
Context
This time period is called by some (especially Spaniards), ”the
Golden Age of Spain” because Spain was politically unified for
the first time in their history, and the arts experienced a
flowering. I.e., there was a lot of literature published at this
timeIncluding Don Quixote, of course!
Context
Spain in this time period also imposed serious restrictions,
likeForcing their Jewish population to convert to Christianity or
leaveForcing their Muslim population to convert to Christianity
or leavePolicing “Christian-ness” through their InquisitionThe
Spanish treated indigenous peoples in “the New World”
horrifically, including their violent slaughter
Context
FormDon Quixote is a picaresque novelThe picaresque style of
writing arose in 17th century SpainEarly examples include
Lazarillo de Tormes and Guzmán de Alfarche
(La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes by an
unknown illustrator, 1520.
FormIn an essay titled “Toward a Definition of the Picaresque,”
comparative literature expert Claudio Guillén identifies eight

characteristics of the picaresque novel:
(Don Quixote Sad via MemeCenter)
1) The pícaro – a rogue-like or scamp-ish character—usually an
orphan, or low born, or both—who is a “half-outsider,” meaning
he lives outside of society (doesn’t belong) while not
completely rejecting it eitherOutwardly conforms with society’s
rules, but inwardly rebelsA “self-made man” (101)Example:
Huck Finn
Form
2) Pseudoautobiography – a “fake memoir,” meaning the story
is presented as an autobiography (meaning the real story of
someone’s life), but is clearly fictitious; told in the first
personIt is the “confession of a liar” (92)Examples: A Million
Little Pieces by James Frey or Running With Scissors by
Augusten Burroughs
Form
3) Partial and prejudiced point of view – the narrator is biased
in some wayExamples: Holden Caulfield from Catcher in the
Rye or the narrator from Fight Club (Edward Norton’s
character)
Form
4) Reflective, philosophical, and/or critical attitude – which
leads to a survey of, and conclusion about, society based on
moral or religious grounds; usually ironic or satiricalIrony – the
use of a word or words intending the opposite meaning, usually
intending to be funnySatire – using humor to show that someone
or something is bad or foolish
Form

5) Stresses realistic descriptions of living – openly discusses
members of different social classes, money, and other details of
day-to-day livingUnlike other texts we’ve read this semester,
which gloss over “real life”
Form
6) The pícaro lives through or observes different social classes
– different professions, cities, and nations too (83)Not just the
aristocratic or noble class (like Greek and Roman epics, for
example)
Form
7) The pícaro is a traveler– he moves around geographical
spaces, but also moves up the social ladderA “social climber”
Form
8. The novel has an episodic structure – meaning that it has
self-contained stories that are loosely connected, but held
together by a main or central characterExample: The Walking
Dead... And most TV shows.
Form
Reality vs FantasyExample. At this point they caught sight of
thirty or forty windmills which were standing on the plain there,
and no sooner had Don Quixote laid his eyes upon them than he
turned to his squire and said, “Fortune is guiding our affairs
better than we could have wishes; for you see there before you,
friend Sancho Panza, some thirty or more lawless giants with
whom I mean to do battle. I shall deprive them of their lives,
and with the spoils from this encounter we shall begin to enrich

ourselves…” (Norton 1698)
Themes
In the previous example, Don Quixote mistakes windmills for
giants. He’s read so many fantastical stories that he literally
“sees” giants instead of the windmills.
Themes
The Nature of LiteratureExample. In short, our gentleman
became so immersed in his reading that he spent whole nights
from sundown to sunup and his days from dawn to dusk in
poring over his books, until, finally, from so little sleeping and
so much reading, his brain dried up and he went completely out
of his mind. (Norton 1677)
Themes
In this example, literature is jokingly said to “drive you crazy”
because it blurs the lines between fact and fiction.
Themes
Madness and SanityExample. Listening to this speech, the
travelers had some while since come to the conclusion that Don
Quixote was out of his mind, and were likewise able to perceive
the peculiar nature of his madness, and they wondered at it
quite as much as did all those who encountered it for the first
time. (Norton 1721)
Themes
Most of the travelers Don Quixote meets think he is crazy, and
yet indulge his “madness.” Do you think the other characters are
cruel or kind to deceive Don Quixote?

Themes
A story may not relate things exactly as they happened out of
consideration for the circumstances of its characters. Yet at
those
moments when one wants to pass on to later generations the
appearance and condition of people living in the present…both
the good and the bad, which are the things you never tire of
reading about no matter how many times you’ve heard them…it
is difficult to keep them shut away in your heart. And so you
begin to tell stories about them. (Norton 1486)
�
� Author
� Date/Time of Composition
� Context
� Form
� Themes
Preview
�
Author
� Murasaki Shikibu was born
ca. 973 CE; died ca. 1014 CE
� We don’t know her actual
name
� “Shikibu” means “Bureau

of Ceremonial” and refers
to a post held by her
father
� “Murasaki” (“lavender”
or “purple”) is the name
of a heroine from Tale of
Genji… Or it could refer to
the emblem of her clan,
the wisteria
(Lady Murasaki Writing, 1767 via
Wikimedia Commons)
�
� Murasaki Shikibu was the daughter of Fujiwara no
Tametoki, a poet and scholar of Chinese
� He also served as governor of Harima
� The Fujiwara clan dominated the throne by ruling as
regents and marrying their daughters into the family
� Murasaki Shikibu served in the court of Empress
Akiko (also Shōshi) as a lady-in-waiting
� She was called in as a Chinese tutor for the empress
Author
�
� From Murasaki’s diary:

“When my brother, the Secretary at the Ministry of
Ceremonial, was young and studied the Chinese
classics, I used to listen to him and became unusually
good at understanding those passages which he found
too difficult to grasp. My father, a most learned man,
was always lamenting this fact ‘Just my luck!’ he would
say. ‘What a pity that she was not born a man!’ (Norton
1379)
Author
�
� Date of composition is uncertain because no
manuscripts from Murasaki Shikibu’s time have
survived
� Murasaki Shikibu most likely began writing Tale of
Genji after the death of her husband in 1001 CE
� Earliest fragments = a series of illustrations called
Genji monogatari emaki (late 12th century CE)
Time/Date of Composition
�
Time/Date
(Landscape scene from Chapter 16, “Sekiya” (“At the Pass”) in
Genji monogatari emaki via Wikimedia Commons)

�
� Modern versions of Tale of Genji are based on a 13th
century version called Aobyōshi-bon (“blue cover
text”)
� This version of Tale of Genji was collated by a
renowned Japanese poet called Fujiwara no Teika
� Collate means to combine texts in their proper order
� Fujiwara no Teika collected existing versions of Tale of
Genji and collated them in order to undo the damage
caused by centuries of copying
�
Contextual Information
Names.
� Narrator in Tale of Genji
rarely calls characters
by their real names;
most of the time, they
use their official title
� Genji is the only
character with a
traditional name
(17th century illustration from Chapter 5 of

Tale of Genji via Wikimedia Commons)
�
� Regarding the absence of personal names :
“The absence of personal names from the narration is
another distancing device that screens a lord or lady’s person
from the outsider’s gaze. The holder of an official title, man
or woman, could properly be identified by that title or,
sometimes, by residence, but a personal name, even if
recorded in a genealogy, was too private to use in speech.
The way the narrator refers to people affirms less their
individuality than their position in a complex of communally
acknowledged relations that was of absorbing interest to all”
(Tyler xxiii)
�
� Women have a meshina (“service name”): “alludes to a
government organ or post associated with a male
relative” (Tyler xxii)
� Many women in Tale of Genji have the same meshina because
their relatives have the same position
� Women without a meshina usually don’t have names in Tale
of Genji. Example: “Aoi,” Genji’s first wife
� Aoi means blue in Japanese
� Aristocratic women’s names were also associated with

where they lived. Example: “Fujitubo” means “Wisteria
Pavilion,” a part of the imperial palace compound.
�
� Murasaki Shikibu wrote Tale of Genji in Japanese
because it was considered unseemly for a woman to
write in Chinese
� “When Chinese was introduced into Japan, educated
people continued to speak their native tongue but
learned to write in Chinese” (Gnadt 47)
Form
�
� Tale of Genji is sometimes considered the first novel –
what do you think? Does it seem “novel-like” to
you?
� Note: we discussed last week that novels and the
genre of romance are closely related… But novels are
also related to genres like: histories, epistolaries, and
the news (Mikics 210-11)
Form

�
� First influence on Tale of Genji: Chinese poetry
� Poetry was considered an important art during the Heian
Period; all early Japanese literature includes poetry
� Tale of Genji has 795 poems!
� Poems in Tale of Genji are called: tanka (“short song”),
waka (“Japanese song”), or uta (“song”)
� Characterized by five subunits of 5-7-5-7-7 syllables
� No rhyme
� Example: Now in deepest sorrow as I contemplate
Our diverging roads, this fork where we must part
How I long to walk the path of the living
(Norton Anthology, Vol. B 1162)
Form
�
Form
� Second influence on Tale
of Genji: women’s diaries
� Murasaki read women’s
“confessional diaries” à
a form popular in the
Heian Period
� They were characterized
by nuanced expression
and psychological
insight (Norton 1349)

(Heian Court Lady in Full Dress
(Kokushi Daijiten) via Wikimedia Commons)
�
� Example from a woman’s confessional diary:
I was brought up in a distant province which lies farther than
the farthest end of the
Eastern Road. I am ashamed to think that inhabitants of the
Royal City will think me an
uncultured girl.
Somehow I came to know that there are such things as romances
in the world and wished
to read them. When there was nothing to do by day or at night,
one tale or another was
told me by my elder sister or stepmother, and I heard several
chapters about the shining
Prince Genji. My longing for such stories increased, but how
could they recite them all
from memory? I became very restless and got an image of
Yakushi Buddha made as large
as myself. When I was alone I washed my hands and went
secretly before the altar and
prayed to him with all my life, bowing my head down to the
floor. "Please let me go to
the Royal City. There I can find many tales. Let me read all of
them.“
from “The Sharashina Diary” in Diaries of Court Ladies of Old
Japan; 1009 – 1059 CE
Form

�
� Love and lust
� Consider Genji’s marriages and affairs
� Poetry & writing
� Consider the role of poetry and letter-writing
� Transience/death
� How do the deaths of Fujitsubo, Lady Rokujō, and
Lady Murasaki, affect Genji?
Themes
“It is a general rule that those women
endowed by Heaven with great beauty
invariably either destroy themselves or
destroy someone else” (Norton 1339)
–
™ Author
™ Time/Date of Composition
™ Contextual Information
™ Form
™ Themes
Preview

–
Author
™ Yuan Zhen (779 – 831 CE) was a
government minister during the
Tang Dynasty
™ Zhen formed part of a literary
circle including the poet Bo Juyi,
which rejected: “the courtly
trends of the time and called for
a revival of the moral themes
and the straightforward style of
ancient literature” (“Yuan Zhen”
from Encyclopedia Britannica)
(“Yuan Chen” via Wikimedia)
–
™ Yuan Zhen only wrote one story, and that is “The
Story of Yingying”
™ Date of composition is uncertain Probably written
“while he was taking the civil service
examination” (Norton 1331)
Time/Date
–

™ “The Story of Yingying” was intended as a “warming
scroll” à “a piece of writing that candidates
circulated informally in the hope of getting the
attention of potential patrons” (Norton 1331-32)
™ Some argue the short story is a thinly veiled
autobiography of Yuan Zhen’s life (Norton 1332)
–
™ “The Story of Yingying” is an example of chuanqi,
meaning “records of marvels” (Norton 1331)
– Chuanqi as a term first appears in a short story
collection arranged by Pei Xing (825 – 880 CE)
– The term can also refer to Southern Chinese drama;
important not to confuse them
™ Chuanqi are stories about love, heroism, and
sometimes include supernatural elements (Norton
1331)
Form
–
™ Authors of chuanqi were very educated men, and the

stories were meant for other educated people
– In other words: chuanqi were not read by everyone
™ Chuanqi continue to be popular today, as you can see
in the modern adaptation Romance of the Western
Chamber
Form
–
™ Like the Thousand and One Nights, “The Story of
Yingying” contains a number of forms, including:
prose narration, a letter, love lyric poetry, and lament
poetry
™ Reminder: “form” simply means the writing
structure
Form
–
™ Prose narration: when a narrator tells a story
™ E.g.: “During the Zhenyuan period, there lived a
young man named Zhang. He was agreeable and
refined, and good looking, but firm and self-
contained, and capable of no improper act” (Norton
1332)
™ In case ^, someone is telling a story about a young
man named Zang

Form
–
™ A letter: a message to someone else
™ E.g.: “I have read your letter with its message of
consolation, and it filled my childish heart with mingled
grief and joy. In addition you sent me a box of ornaments
to adorn my hair and a stick of pomade to make my lips
smooth. It was most kind of you; but for whom am I to
make myself attractive? As I look at these presents my
breast is filled with sorrow” (Norton 1336)
™ The ^ is a letter from Miss Cui to Zhang
Form
–
™ Love lyrics: lyric poetry expresses personal
emotions. Love lyrics express personal emotions
about love
™ E.g.: I await the moon in the western chamber
Where the breeze comes through the half-opened door
Sweeping the wall the flower shadows move:
I imagine it is my lover who comes (Norton 1334)
Form

–
™ Lament poem: a lament is an expression of grief or
sorrow, and a lament poem is an expression of grief
told through poetry
™ E.g.: Cast off and abandoned, what can I saw now,
Whom you loved so briefly long ago?
Any love you had then for me
Will do for the one you have now. (Norton 1339)
Form
–
™ Love
™ Duty & responsibility
™ Proper social behavior
Themes
“Then Dinarzad cleared her throat and said, ‘Sister, if you are
not sleepy, tell us one of your lovely little tales to while away
the
night, before I bid you good-bye at daybreak, for I don’t know
what will happen to you tomorrow.’ Shahrazad turned to King
Shahrayar and said, ‘May I have your permission to tell a
story?’
He replied, ‘Yes,’ and Shahrazad was very happy and said,
‘Listen’:” (Norton 1186-87)

on
Preview
Author
sources and cultures
across Asia and North
Africa
(13th Century Abbasid Manuscript via
Wikimedia Commons)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Nights#/
media/File:ManuscriptAbbasid.jpg

Syrian paper dating to 879 CE
Nights
document is a catalogue by Ibn al-Nadim, a book
dealer in Baghdad
from an original called Hazar Afsan
Time/Date
Persian title of the
Thousand and One
Nights
original Hazar Afsan has
never been discovered
(Shahrazad by В.А. Серов, early 20th Century
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scheherazade_by_V._Serov
_01.jpg

Abbasid Caliphate.
during the Abbasid Caliphate, a
dynasty that ruled the Middle east from 758 to 1258
CE
“succession”— an Islamic state led by a supreme
religious and political leader known as a caliph
Umayyads Caliphate) with the support of many
different people, thereby integrating non-Arab
groups, such as Persians, into Arabic culture
modern-day Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Oman, Yemen,
Iran, Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon!

(Map of Abbasid Caliphate via Wikimedia Commons)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate#/media/File:A
bbasids850.png
was a time of
prosperity and stable
government, which in
turn supported the
flourishing of art,
science, and literature
(Faquih and Students, 8-13th Centuries
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Faqih_and_students.p
ng
-Rashid
(translates into “Aaron
the Upright”) was the
fifth Abbasid Caliphate

characterized by great
cultural and religious
wealth
(Harun al-Rashid via Wikimedia
Commons)
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Harun_A
l-
Rashid_and_the_World_of_the_Thousand_and_One_Nights.jpg
-
Hikma—a source for learning and translation
works, including the 1,001 Nights
Nights: Abu Nuwas (classical Arabic poet), Ibrahim al-
Mawsili (singer)
Translation history.
to translation. For example, the Arabic text is derived
from a Persian source, but behind both of these sources is
probably a Indian (Sanskrit) version

inted versions in Arabic: “each printed version is
based on a different manuscript or combination of
manuscripts, some of which are no longer extant” (Sallis
3)
e words in Arabic are used interchangeably to
describe 1,001 Nights: hikayah, hadith, and khurafah
used)
stories” (Sallis 8)
Antoine Galland in the early 18th century
and Aladdin, along with other stories heard from a

Lebanese Christian
Cairo
Arabic peoples (think: Orientalism)
narrative
“tale within a tale,” or which contains several tales
– in fact,
these kinds of stories probably originated in India
Forest Gump, and Slumdog Millionaire
Form
https://youtu.be/ByehYal_cCs

https://youtu.be/uPIEn0M8su0
https://youtu.be/hHAoAkyeVko
Form
wa-Layla translates
literally into “Thousand
and One Nights”
suggests there is a rich
abundance of the stories
in this collection – the
stories are unending
(16th Century map of Soltaniyeh, Iran
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Matrak%C3%A7%C4
%B1_Nasuh_Soltaniyeh_Map_(1).JPG
ories in modern
versions of 1,001 Nights, including

t and romantic stories with supernatural elements
Form
-telling
Themes
Carefully review the essay prompt below. Then, draft an outline
showing your intended thesis statement and supports. Put your
outline at the beginning of your answer. Next, write the essay.
Your essay needs to be about a page long. It must include: a
title, an introduction, a clear thesis statement, and well-
supported paragraphs. Make sure to include specific textual
support in your answer. Direct quotations are not necessary, but
if you quote, paraphrase, or summarize make sure to provide
proper attribution.
Essay prompt. The primary readings in this module primarily
engage with the prose literature. Briefly define and explain
frame story, and then review the ways The thousand and one
night,The story of YingYing, Tale of Genji, and Qon

Quixote address story(novel) or moral considerations. Give
details explanation of these themes and form
The Rise of Conservative America
Many of the constituents of the New Deal Coalition began to
believe that Government intervention was the problem rather
than the solution.
Much like the New Deal drew together conflicting interest
groups, so too the rise of conservatism would draw together
multiple groups who shared an interest in ending the power of
the Democratic Party
Proposition 13 and the Taxpayers Revolt
Proposition 13 essentially put a cap on property taxes in
California.
Why were California’s suburbs demanding reductions in
taxation?
Until the 1970s, property values in California consistently rose
between 4 and 5% annually. This occurred at the same time that
inflation was as high as 14%. The end result was that
homeowners’ rate of taxation essentially tripled between 1967
and 1978. At the same time, the per capita income tax rate rose
by about 20% annually.
Developments in California Mirrored Those Occurring Around
the nation
By the end of the 1970s, continued economic difficulties made

taxes seem more onerous to many working class Americans.
At the same time, the shift to the service sector tended to hurt
the power of unions.
Answering a Question on the Review Sheet !!!
Why did many suburbanites grow suspicious of government
intervention in the economy during the 1960s?
Jerry Falwell
Concerned Catholics and Protestants added to the growing
strength of conservatism in America. These folks were more
concerned about social issues: the rise of feminism, abortion,
premarital sex, and divorce.
Many social conservatives around the nation—like Jerry
Falwell—believed that political action was the best way to
preserve Christian values in America.
Televangelism and the Rise of Conservative Evangelism
During the 1970s and 1980s, Christian concerns had been
changing.
Increasingly, churches focused on homosexuality, abortion, and
secularization in society drew in members while denominations
labeled as liberal lost members.
Deregulation of the Financial Industries
Reagan appointed James Watt—an outspoken proponent of the
“sagebrush rebellion” to head the interior department. The
administration in general devoted itself to opening federal land

for private development.
Why were many Americans opposed to the feminist movement?
Who inspired the creation of the “moral majority” and what did
the “moral majority” think was wrong with America? Why were
many in the West in favor of turning more power over to the
states?
The Rise of Ronald Reagan
The Election of 1980
Not only did the Republicans win the Presidential office, but
they were also able to win control of the Senate. It was the first
time Republicans had controlled the Senate since 1954.
Reaganomics
Cut government rates of taxation
Entitlement programs—Social Security, Medicare, and
Medicaid—had become untouchable.
To win the Cold War, Reagan increased spending on the
military.
Modest cuts were made in several of the programs created by
Johnson to fight the war on poverty.
Supply-Side Economics

Reagan believed that the problem with the American economy
was that taxes were too high.
He reasoned that if Americans were paying fewer taxes then
they would have more money to spend on consumer products.
Describe how Reagan proposed reviving the economy? How
were his economic theories different from those that had
inspired the New Deal?
Continued Recession
To deal with a continuing problem with inflation, Reagan kept
interest rates high. Coupled with lowering prices on oil, the net
effect was a more controlled rate of inflation.
Yet by 1982, unemployment stood at 10%.
The FED’s policy drove up the value of the dollar encouraging a
trade deficit.
By 1983, however, the economy began recovering. With
inflation down, consumer spending improved.
Walter Mondale ran for the Democratic Party and called for “the
eradication of discrimination in all aspects of American life”
and also called for an expansion in national welfare programs.
The Rising National Debt
Erected in 1989 by a New York real estate developer, the debt
clock began its days by showing that the national debt was

growing $13,000 a second.
Some critics charged that Reagan’s economic “revolution”
brought short-term benefits for the 1980s but led to greater
problems for future generations.
Recovery of Stock Prices
The result was that stock prices rose during the 1980s and
1990s. The Dow Jones stock price index doubled from 1,000 to
2,000 during the 1980s, and by the end of the 1990s it had risen
to 8,000.
Rules for buying stocks also changed encouraging more
Americans to participate in the stock market. Between 1980
and 2000 the percentage of American families who owned stock
jumped from 13% to 50%.
The “Swiss-Cheese” Economy
Reagan touted impressive improvements in Americans’
economic health. Indeed, some Americans did benefit from the
Reagan years. The number of African American families
earning sold middle-class incomes doubled between 1970 and
1990. For many, however, wages remained stagnant.
The New Technology Economy
Ignoring Ideological Barriers in China and Vietnam
Many manufacturers ignored the ideological boundaries that had
limited American investments overseas.

Describe the economic revival of the 1980s. What was the
“Swiss Cheese” economy? Who benefitted from the economic
changes of the 1980s and who did not benefit from the new
economy?
Increasing Conservatism on the Supreme Court
Almost immediately after taking office, Reagan appointed a
justice he believed would support conservative policies: Sandra
Day O’Connor. By 1990, about half of all federal judges had
reached the bench during Reagan’s presidency.
The Takings Clause
In its 1992 ruling in Lucas vs. South Carolina Coastal Council,
however, the Supreme Court held state legislatures to stricter
standards when determining what constituted a “taking” of
private property. Changes to zoning laws and environmental
regulations could now constitute takings.
The Evil Empire
Reagan claimed that the Soviets were “prepared to commit any
crime, to lie, to cheat,” and do anything else to support their
goal of world communism.
In 1983 Reagan escalated the nuclear arms race by authorizing
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). SDI was proposed as a
complex network to shoot down Soviet ICBMS.

The Growing Military Budget
Anti-Communism in Latin America
In El Salvador, Reagan abandoned Carter’s condemnation of
Salvadoran “Death Squads” and actively supported the
oppressive government against communist rebels.
Scandal and the “Teflon” President
Feeling public pressure, Congress refused support for the
Contras in Nicaragua.
US Actions in the Middle East
A pro-Communist government in Afghanistan weakened by both
infighting and rebellion seeks aid from the Soviets.
At the end of 1979, the USSR begins a massive invasion of
Afghanistan.
In 1986, begins supplying anti-communist rebels with stinger
missiles and other equipment.
How did Reagan change Carter’s position on foreign policy?
Lebanon
In 1982, Reagan sent Marines to Beirut in Lebanon to help keep
the peace in an ethnically and religiously diverse nation.

In 1983, a Shiite Muslim crashed an explosive laden truck into
the barracks killing 239 Marines.
The Collapse of the Soviet Union
In 1989, Poland’s anticommunist labor party seized control of
the government, and the pro-Moscow government in East
Germany fell in 1989.
By 1991, the republics that had been part of the Soviet Union
declared their independence and started governing themselves.
How has America’s international presence changed since the
fall of the Soviet Union?
The Nixon Years
The Nixon Years represented a time of significant readjustment
in the US. By the end of the period, it was clear that a revived
conservatism was becoming dominant.
The Shifting Coalitions in the Election of 1968
The Mixed Economic Message of the Nixon Years

Rachel Carson, Silent Spring
The Burning of the Cuyahoga
River
In 1969, an oil slick and other industrial waste had collected in
the Cuyahoga River. Eventually, the river caught fire near
downtown Cleveland, Ohio.
The Response of the Nixon Administration
The President supported the creation of the Environmental
Protection Agency
The Clean Air Act of 1970
Ralph Nader
In 1965, Nader published a book entitled Unsafe at Any Speed.
Nixon supported the creation of the Consumer Products Safety
Commission in 1972.
How did the Nixon administration appeal to the growing
conservative movement? How did Nixon continue many of the
policies of his Democratic predecessors?
National Organization for Women
Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963)

In 1966, Friedan and a small group of supporters formed the
National Organization for Women (NOW).
In the early 1970s, NOW pressured Congress to establish sexual
equality.
Roe v. Wade (1973) and the ERA Amendment (1972)
Phyllis Schlafly
In 1977 Phillis Schlafly spearheaded the movement to destroy
the Equal Rights Amendment.
Schlafly argued that feminists were “anti-family, anti-children,
and pro-abortion.”
Changing Realities for Women
Between 1970 and 1980, the percentage of women enrolled in
law school shot up from 5 to 40 percent.
In the 1950s, more than 70 percent of American families with
children had a father who worked outside of the home and a
mother who stayed at home. By 1980, only 15 percent of
families were configured that way.
The Changing Global Economy
By the 1970s other areas of the globe had recovered their
industrial sectors and were also competing in the global
marketplace.
During the 1970s, foreign manufacturers made dramatic gains in
the US automobile market.

The Decline of Detroit
German and Japanese automakers were increasingly competitive
in global markets and within the United States as well.
The US auto industry had also developed new models based on
the assumption that oil would remain cheap. In 1973, OPEC
announced that it would not sell oil to nations supporting Israel.
1970 Toyota Celica
“Stagflation” during the Nixon Years
“Stagflation” was the term coined by economists to describe the
unique economic problems facing the nation in the 1970s.
Consumer prices continued to rise, but unemployment also
continued to clime. In 1967, the inflation rate was at 3%. By
1973 it was at 9% and then in 1974 it reached 12%. In 1969,
when Nixon took office unemployment had been at 3.3%. By
the end of 1970 it reached 6%. The rising price of oil
contributed to the general problem of inflation.
From Industrialism to Service Sector
In 1920, non-agricultural workers were evenly split between the
service sector and the industrial sector
The differences between these two sectors increased more
rapidly after 1960. In 1970, about 30% of non-farm workers
were industrial workers.
This has decreased the influence of unions since unions are
more likely to represent industrial workers. In the 1950s, about
35% of the American workforce was unionized. By 2003, about
13% of the workforce was unionized.

What was “stagflation?”
What happened in the 1960s and 1970s that limited American
business’s competitive advantages?
Why were Unions less and less able to lend support to the
Democratic Party?
Nixon and Vietnam
In Vietnam, Nixon sought to reduce the size of the American
ground force but increase the scale of aerial bombardment.
Vietnamization
Increased Violence in Vietnam
Nixon responded by expanding the war into Cambodia and Laos.
A peace deal was reached in 1973, but by 1975 North Vietnam
had successfully invaded South Vietnam reunited the two
Vietnams.
The Nixon Doctrine
Nixon made it clear that he would not send US troops but that
he would be willing to generously fund anti-communist
guerillas and governments.
In 1973, a US backed military coup in Chile toppled the Allende
government.
Sec. of State Kissinger and Pinochet at a meeting in 1976

Detente
Détente with the Soviet Union and China was part of a US effort
to win in Vietnam
In 1969, Nixon and the Soviets negotiated limitations on the
production of ICBMs.
Nixon and Improving Relations with China
In 1972, Nixon visited China and strolled along the Great Wall.
In 1973, the US and China exchanged formal diplomatic
missions.
How did Richard Nixon respond to worldwide communism?
What did Nixon’s anti-communism look like in Latin America?
How did Nixon deal with the Soviet Union and China?
A Rather Complex Picture for the 1970s
Nixon both rode to power as a part of a new wave of rising
conservatism.
At the same time, many of Nixon’s domestic policies varied
little from his Democratic predecessors.
We also see, in the 1970s, continued efforts to push for civil
rights even as we see rising conservative movements as well.
Nixon escalated violence in Vietnam and around the globe even
as he sought to improve relations with the Soviet Union and
China
Nixon ran a campaign in which he claimed to represent the
interests of the “silent majority.”

Watergate
In the months before the 1972 election, burglars had been
caught breaking into the Democratic national Committee
headquarters in Washington DC.
First Resignation of a US President in 1974
The audio recordings taken in the Nixon White House would
seem to be invaluable pieces of evidence for historians as they
try to understand what the President knew and when he knew it.
What, however, are the flaws of these tapes? Are they an
accurate reflection of the Nixon administration?
Continued Economic Problems
Inflation had shot from just below 6% in 1976 to almost 14% by
1979. Wages for workers did not keep pace.
Far from trying to revive New Deal policies in order to restore
economic vitality, Carter promoted deregulation as the key to
saving American industry.
Of course, under Carter the FED was also determined to keep
interest rates high believing that this would stop inflation. At

the same time, however, high interest rates meant there was less
investment in the economy.
The Moral Equivalent of War
Twice in 1973 and 1976, OPEC had instituted devastating
embargoes against the United States. For many, these
embargoes highlighted the dependency of the United States on
foreign sources of energy.
Most controversial among Carter’s programs were taxes to
discourage wasteful consumption.
Successes in Foreign Policy
Relations between Egypt and Israel had been sour since the
Yom Kippur War of 1973. After 13 days of difficult
bargaining, the two nations began the process of easing
tensions. In exchange for improving its relationship with Israel,
Egypt was rewarded with financial aid from the US.
Carter expanded upon the easing of tensions with communist
China by recognizing the CCP as the official representative of
China in 1979.
International Affairs
Republican critics charged the Carter’s stance indicated his
weakness on global communism
1979 Iran hostage crisis
Why did many Americans feel that Carter was weak on foreign

The Fracturing of the New Deal Coalition

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to The Fracturing of the New Deal Coalition

Similar to The Fracturing of the New Deal Coalition (12)

More from rtodd194

More from rtodd194 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

The Fracturing of the New Deal Coalition