Research Portfolio Requirements The following items need to be in your portfolio in this order (with tabs separating each section): Tab 1: Research Paper – Final draft of essay Tab 2: Works Cited – Not the works cited page, but the actual copies of the works cited. These must appear in this section in the same order they appear on the works cited page. Every article must have bibliographic information on the top of the first page. Articles must be stapled. Only include those articles which appear in your paper and on your works cited page. Tab 3: Primary Source Information – This is a copy of the information received from the person/s interviewed along with a signed statement from them stating you have received their permission to be quoted. Tab 4: Rough Drafts – The drafts, peer editing reviews, any conferencing, etc., must appear in this section. Also include the note stating you have visited and received assistance from the writing lab. Tab 5: Pre-work – This section will include the following: working bibliography, annotated bibliography, research model, outlines, other thesis assignments. Tab 6: Other Sources – Any miscellaneous information relevant to your research paper. Note: Appearance is important – try to make your portfolio as professional looking as possible. You will receive 10 points for appearance. Sloppily placed tabs, etc. will result in points being deleted from your project. Your portfolio will be turned in in a formal binder (but no plastic covers). It will have a cover sheet with the name of your thesis, your name, date, course number, and my name. All papers included must be 3-hole punched. Your portfolio is worth 50 points. However, without all above items included in your portfolio, a grade will not be given. 1 Alabbas Abdullah Alabbas Ronda Walker Writing 2010 March 4, 2018 The masterminds behind saving gaming industry “ We don’t run from the risk. We run to it. We are taking the risk to move beyond boundaries of the game industry to reach new players and current players” (Iwata, 2014). Gaming industry is one of the biggest industries; there are no difference it between it and any other entertainment industry. However, if you look deep into any media, you will find a lot of deep or hidden secrets. The outside of the gaming industry is fun and happy, that’s why people play videogames right? That’s why I am here today to open eyes into something probably you don’t know. It’s called the gaming crash “The great videogame crash 1983”. The video game crash of 1983 known as the Atari shock in Japan, it happened in North America, because of market saturation. Because of this crisis gaming market revenues dropped from $3.2 billion to $100 million from 1983 to 1985 (almost 97%). The crash led to the bankruptcy of several companies producing home computers and gaming consoles. In 2 years the industry was almost dead, thanks to Nintendo they were the superhero that saved the industry. There were more tha ...

1. Research Portfolio Requirements
The following items need to be in your portfolio in this order
(with tabs separating each section):
Tab 1: Research Paper – Final draft of essay
Tab 2: Works Cited – Not the works cited page, but the actual
copies of the works cited. These must appear in this section in
the same order they appear on the works cited page. Every
article must have bibliographic information on the top of the
first page. Articles must be stapled. Only include those articles
which appear in your paper and on your works cited page.
Tab 3: Primary Source Information – This is a copy of the
information received from the person/s interviewed along with a
signed statement from them stating you have received their
permission to be quoted.
Tab 4: Rough Drafts – The drafts, peer editing reviews, any
conferencing, etc., must appear in this section. Also include the
note stating you have visited and received assistance from the
writing lab.
Tab 5: Pre-work – This section will include the following:
working bibliography, annotated bibliography, research model,
outlines, other thesis assignments.
Tab 6: Other Sources – Any miscellaneous information relevant
to your research paper.
Note: Appearance is important – try to make your portfolio as
professional looking as possible. You will receive 10 points for
appearance. Sloppily placed tabs, etc. will result in points being

2. deleted from your project. Your portfolio will be turned in in a
formal binder (but no plastic covers). It will have a cover sheet
with the name of your thesis, your name, date, course number,
and my name. All papers included must be 3-hole punched.
Your portfolio is worth 50 points. However, without all above
items included in your portfolio, a grade will not be given.
1
Alabbas
Abdullah Alabbas
Ronda Walker
Writing 2010
March 4, 2018
The masterminds behind saving gaming industry
“ We don’t run from the risk. We run to it. We are taking the
risk to move beyond boundaries of the game industry to reach
new players and current players” (Iwata, 2014). Gaming
industry is one of the biggest industries; there are no difference
it between it and any other entertainment industry. However, if
you look deep into any media, you will find a lot of deep or
hidden secrets. The outside of the gaming industry is fun and
happy, that’s why people play videogames right? That’s why I
am here today to open eyes into something probably you don’t
know. It’s called the gaming crash “The great videogame crash
1983”.
The video game crash of 1983 known as the Atari shock in
Japan, it happened in North America, because of market
saturation. Because of this crisis gaming market revenues
dropped from $3.2 billion to $100 million from 1983 to 1985
(almost 97%). The crash led to the bankruptcy of several

3. companies producing home computers and gaming consoles. In
2 years the industry was almost dead, thanks to Nintendo they
were the superhero that saved the industry.
There were more than one reason for the crisis, starting with
that the market was flooded with a lot of games, third-party
games. Which means games has neither quality nor joy. It was
easy to create new games, so the people/developers who created
games didn’t put much effort. The retailers didn’t have
customers to buy the games, and they couldn’t even send the
game back to the developers to get their money back.
Videogames initial price that time was $35, but with this
amount of games, it went down to $5.
Atari one of the biggest gaming companies, they produced a lot
of consoles and games, back then they were the most popular
company for gaming. E.T an old movie was released 1982, and
it was successful. ET is the fourth-highest-grossing film of all
time in Canada and the US (141,854,300 estimated admissions).
Atari saw this success and they wanted to buy the copyrights to
create a game for the same movie. Atari spent a lot of money
back then to get the copyright, sadly ET videogame consider
one of the worst games ever, if it is not the worst. Basically,
Atari dig their own grave.
2014, New Mexico, Alamogordo. A film crew and a dig crew
hired by Fuel entertainment and Xbox entertainment Studios
dug up an old garbage dump. Looking for Atari dump from
1983, and they found tons of Atari game cartridges; most of the
cartridges were for the game ET. They were buried for decades,
they had an auction for all Atari items and it was sold for
$107,930.15. Atari did that because they lost a lot of money for
the copyrights, and they made a lot of copies for the games but
it never sell. The irony, after they found the game cartridges
and sold them at the auctions, they were sold for high prices
like thousands of dollars.

4. Nintendo, a Japanese gaming company, saved gaming industry.
The videogame industry wouldn’t even exist without Nintendo
consoles, seal of quality, and their marketing. They are the
masterminds behind the whole story. They tried to focus on the
reasons why the industry was going down, and they figured out
the solutions for that.
In the 80’, Nintendo saw potential in the videogames industry,
after the success of the “Famicom” in Japan. Nintendo decided
that they want to expand their market, so they want to release
their console in the United States. After changing the name to
NES (Nintendo Entertainment System). The NES was an instant
success in America, quickly becoming the best selling gaming
console of its time. That was the first step Nintendo took to fix
the situation.
However, Nintendo didn’t just release the NES in the US
immediately, they were aware of the videogame crash 1983.
They had a few strategies up their sleeves. They didn’t want
their console to be a failure, so Nintendo came to the US in
1985 brining new life to the industry. They had in mind that the
marketplace was prepared to treat any videogame console like a
poison after the crisis, so they had this brilliant idea about
presenting their console as a toy; the console came with toy gun
and toy robot where they can be used in some games.
Nintendo was concern about their American audiences that they
will not accept the NES, so they did three major adjustments;
completely redesign the console appearance, controllers that
weren’t hardwired to the console, and marking the console as a
toy. As Andrew Cunningham states in his article The NES Turns
30: How It Began, Worked, and Saved an Industry, “The
original Japanese Famicom looked like some sort of hovercar
with controllers stuck to it.” (Cunningham 1) The NES design
looked more attractive and mature even though it was marketed
for kids. Nintendo made the NES with controller ports so you

5. could plug in and take out controllers. This solved the problem
of being really close to the console because the new controllers
were both longer hard wired to the console, and the controller
ports allowed for controller extensions.
Marketplace with all these changes Nintendo is willing to do
still not ready to take the risk again after Atari shock. Chris
Kohler states in his article Oct. 18, 1985: Nintendo
Entertainment System Launches that “Retailers didn’t want to
listen to the little startup Nintendo of America talk about how
its Japanese parent company had a huge hit with the Famicom.”
(Kohler). However, Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi
believed strongly in the quality of the NES, so he told American
executives to launch it in the most difficult market: New York
City. Basically if the NES succeed there that will make the
marketplace believe in gaming consoles again, more importantly
Nintendo. That was risky, and it was completely a failure,
Nintendo didn’t give up.
Minoru Arakawa came up with a brilliant idea to get the NES on
the market. Minoru Arakawa “took a huge gamble that he didn’t
share with the president”, this “huge gamble” that Arakawa
came up with was that “Nintendo would provide them with
product and set up all the displays, and they only had to pay for
the ones that sold and could return everything else.” (Kohler)
After all, Nintendo didn’t give up even though the launch for
the NES in the American marketplace was a huge failure. They
had compassion in their console and their high quality games,
and they made it clear to everyone that they can cure the scars
after the videogame crash. It has been thirty years since
Nintendo Entertainment released in America, and Nintendo is
one of the lead companies in this industry, they have
accomplish a lot, and they are still achieving amazing goals.
Nintendo also made a big profit from the gaming industry, not
only that they also revived gaming in America after the country
thought it was dead.

6. Nintendo Seal of quality. One of the major reasons for the
Video Game crash of 1983 was customer dissatisfaction with a
large portion of low quality games. There were tons of
unpleasurable games, released just to make profit as much as
they could. Customers didn’t like the idea of boring games, they
preferred having one good game than ten tasteless games.
The 10NES lockout chip solved the problem of controlling
access to the NES, Nintendo added this chip to have some
quality standards for any game maker who want to devolve a
new game. It’s a great way to gain your customers trust again,
so the Seal of Quality to show gamers that the games met
quality control standards in terms of basic programming.
Publisher were encouraged to create high-quality games, also
Nintendo limited publisher by how many games they can release
a year, which was five games a year maximum. Nintendo
basically was filtering the industry to become better.
Seal of Quality is large, black and gold circular starburst. The
seal read as follows: This seal is your assurance that
NINTENDO has approved and guaranteed the quality of this
product. The have been changing the seal since then, adding
some designs and colors, but you still can see it on Nintendo
videogame cases. Also, they now they remove the quality
segment, because every gamer now know who is Nintendo.
Nintendo previous attempt to the US via the arcade market came
with mixed signals. Some games were a big hit in Japan,
become huge failure in the US. Nintendo knew that success in
Japan wouldn’t guarantee success elsewhere. Nintendo decided
that the “Famicom” best chances to success abroad would be to
work with a videogame company that had strong brand
recognition in the US and beyond. According to Howard
Lincoln (Chairman Nintendo of America) “ Mr. Yamauchi said,
“Why don’t you contact the Atari people?” So I called Ray

7. Kassar (Atari President) and then the next thing we knew, we
were going down in a corporate jet to Warner”.
Nintendo are know for their iconic characters, most of the
games in the past didn’t have an iconic character, which means
they didn’t have backstory or even a remarkable design. Now I
have to talk about the most iconic character in the gaming
industry, they call him “The plumber that created an industry”,
but he is known for “Mario”. What did Nintendo think when
they created characters like Mario? They wanted to make the
players get attached to the protagonist. Super Mario bros, the
first appearance for Mario ever, and it was one of the first
games that came with the NES in America, they sold 40.24
million copies. Mario has become the main franchise for
Nintendo, whenever people see Mario face, they understand it is
related to Nintendo. Mario franchise since 1985, until 2017
proved that he is the gaming industry icon, Mario games usually
sells more than 5 millions copies. Nintendo realized that
creating iconic characters is going to support the company
gaming titles.
Gaming industry is full of secrets, like any other industry. The
video game crash 1983 was caused because more than one
reason, starting from markets were full of tasteless games,
anyone could create a game without putting much effort. Atari
played a big role in that too because their name was popular
worldwide. Nintendo was the company who saved the industry;
people can argue the opposite but I strongly believe for the time
they release their console (NES), and their seal of quality,
which helped them to gain the player trust again, and their
marketing. They revive this industry one more time.

8. Work Cited
How Nintendo Revived Gaming - Connor Hemminger: American
Long-Form, Connor Hemminger, 12 Dec. 2015,
diocesefwsb2.instructure.com/courses/6077/pages/how-
nintendo-revived-gaming-connor-hemminger.
REINHARD. “The Video Game Graveyard.” From the Trenches,
vol. 67, 4, July 2014, p. 11, History Reference Center