about how architect think before they create something

1. BUILDING
LINGKUNGAN
TEKNOLOGI
IKLIM
TEKNOLOGI
BUDAYA
MATERIAL
ATURAN
ESTETIKA
MANUSIA

2. BUILDING
LINGKUNGAN
TEKNOLOGI
IKLIM
TEKNOLOGI
BUDAYA
MATERIAL
ATURAN
ESTETIKA
MANUSIA

3. ANALISISSINTESIS

4. IKLIM
TEKNOLOGI
LINGKUNGAN
ESTETIKA
MANUSIA
MATERIAL
TEKNOLOGI

5. BUDAYA
TEKNOLOGI
LINGKUNGAN
ESTETIKA
MANUSIA
EKONOMI
TEKNOLOGI
KEAMANAN
ROBERT G.
HERSBERGER
ISSUES

6. BUDAYA
TEKNOLOGI
LINGKUNGAN
ESTETIKA
MANUSIA
EKONOMI
TEKNOLOGI
KEAMANAN
PALMER
FACTORS

7. HUMAN FACTORS PHYSICAL FACTORS EXTERNAL FACTORS
Activities
Behaviour
Objective / Goals
Organization
-hierarchy
-groups
-position
-classification
-leadership
Characteristics (Demographics)
Social Forces
Interactions
-communication
-Relationship
-Transfer of materials, etc.
Policies / Codes
Attitudes / Values
Customs / Beliefs
Perceptions
Preferences
Qualities
-compfort
-productivity
-efficiency
-security
-safety
-acces
-privacy
-territory
-control
-convenience
Location
-region
-locality
-community’
-vicinity
Site Condition
Building / Facility
Envelope
Structure
Systems
-engineering
-communications
-lighting
-security
Space
-types
-dimensions
-relationships
Equipment / Furnishing
Material / Finishes
Support Services
-storage
-parking
-acces
-waste removal
-utilities (water, sewag, telephone)
Uses
Functions
Behaviour / Activity Setting
Operations
Circulation
Environment
-comfort
-visual
-acoustical
Energy Use / Conservation
Durability / Flexibility
Legal Restrictions
(Codes/standard/regulation)
-building
-land use
-system
-energy
-environment
-materials
-safety
-solar acces
Topography
Climate
Ecology
Resources Availabiliyt
Energy supplies / Prices
- convensional
- solar
- Alternative
Economy
Financing
Time
-schedule
-deadlines
-operations
Costs / Budget
-constructions
-materials
-services
-operations
Costs / Benefits

8. GOALS FACTS CONCEPTS NEEDS PROBLEM
FUNCTION
People
Activities
Relationship
Mission
Maximum number
Individual identity
Interaction/privacy
Hierarchy of value
Prime activities
Security
Progression
Segregation
Encounters
Transportation / parking
Efficiency’
Priority of relationship
Statistical data
Area parameters
Personel forecast
User characteristic
Community characteristic
Organizational structure
Value of potential loss
Time-motion study
Traffic analysis
Behavioural patterns
Space adequacy
Type/intensity
Physically challenged
guideline
Service
grouping
People grouping
Activity grouping
Priority
Hierarchy
Sequential flow
Separated flow
Mixed flow
Functional relationships
communication
Area requirements
By organization
By space type
By time
By location
Parking
requirements
Outdoor space
requirements
Functional
alternatives
Unique and important
Performance
requirements that will
shape building
design
FORM
Site
Environment
Quality
Bias on site elements
Environmental response
Efficient land use
Community relation
Community improvement
Physical comfort
Life savety
Social / pshychological
environment
Individuality
Wayfinding
Projected image
Client expectations
Site analysis
Soil analysis
FAR and GAC
Climate analysis
Code survey
Surroundings
Pshychological
implications
Point of reference / entry
Cost/SF
Building or lay out
efficiency
Equipment cost
Area per unit
Enhancements
Special foundation
Density
Environmental controls
Safety
Neighbors
Home base / officing concepts
On-premise : fixed, free, group address
Off premise : satellite, telecommuting,
virtual office
Orientation
Accessibility
Character
Quality control
Site development
costs
Environmental
influences on
costs
Building costs / SF
Building overall
efficiency factors
Major form
considerations thay
will affect building
design
ECONOMY
Initial Budget
Operating
Cost
Lifecycle Cost
Extent of fund
Cost effectiveness
Maximum return
Return on investment
Minimizing of operating costs
Maintenance and operating
costs
Reduction of life cycle costs
sustainabilty
Cost parameters
Maximum budget
Time-use factors
Market analysis
Energy source cost
Activities and climate
factors
Economic data
LEED rating system
Cost control
Efficient allocation
Multifunctional / versatility
Merchandising
Energy conservation
Cost reduction
recycling
Budget estimate
analysis
Balance budget
Cash flow analysis
Energy budget
Operating costs
Green building
rating
Life cycle costs
Attitude toward the
initial budget and its
influence on the
fabric and geometry
of the building
TIME
Past
Present
Future
Historic preservation
Static / dynamic activities
Change
Growth
Occupancy date
Availability of fund
Significance
Space parameters
Activities
Projections
Duration
Escalation factors
Adaptability
Tolerance
Convertibility
Expansibility
Linear / concurrent scheduling
phasing
Escalation
Time schedule
Time/cost
schedule
Implication of change
and growth on long-
range performance

9. PENTAHAPAN DALAM DESIGN
INPUT PROSES OUTPUT
PROSES PERANC. HASIL PERANC.
PROGRAMMING DESAIN
IDENTIFIKASI
MASALAH
PERUMUSAN
MASALAH
PENYUSUNAN
PROGRAM
TRANSFORMA
SI DESAIN PEMECAHAN
MASALAH
PROBLEM SEEKING PROBLEM
SOLVING
A N A L I S I S S I N T E S I S

10. RASIONAL
INTUITIF/KREATIF
PROSES DESAIN

11. PENTAHAPAN DALAM DESIGN
INPUT PROSES OUTPUT
PROSES PERANC. HASIL PERANC.
PROGRAMMING DESAIN
IDENTIFIKASI
MASALAH
PERUMUSAN
MASALAH
PENYUSUNAN
PROGRAM
TRANSFORMA
SI DESAIN PEMECAHAN
MASALAH
PROBLEM SEEKING PROBLEM
SOLVING
R A S I O N A L KREATIF /
INTUITIF

12. LANGKAH TIM Mc.GINTY R.WHITAKER H.RITTLE J.C.JONES AIA
I
PERMULAAN /
KETIDAKSEIMBANGA
N
PENGENALAN
DEFINISI
IDENTIFIKASI
MASALAH
GAGASAN
II PERSIAPAN
PERSIAPAN
ANALISIS
KUMPULKAN
ANALISIS
INFORMASI
INFORMASI
ANALISIS
JASA-JASA
PRADESAIN
III PENGAJUAN USUL SINTESIS
LOMPATAN
KREATIF
PEMECAHAN
SINTESIS
DESAIN SISTEMATIS
PENGEMBANGAN
DESAIN
IV EVALUASI EVALUASI
KOMUNIKASI DAN
TINDAKAN
EVALUASI
V TINDAKAN
EVALUASI
REEVALUASI
OPTIMASI
DOKUMEN KONTRAK
BEBERAPA CONTOH PENTAHAPAN DALAM DESIGN

13. “Synthesis on the other hand is characterised
by an attemp to move forward and create a
response to the problem. Essentially,
synthesis, is the generating of solution.
( Bryan Lawson 1980 : 27)

14. Problem Solution
WE CONTEND THAT PROBLEM SOLVING IS A VALID APPROACH TO
DESIGN; THEREFORE,PROBLEM DEFINITION SHOULD BE THE FIRST
STEP IN THE DESIGN PROCESS
Analysis Synthesis
SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMMING RELIES ON ANALYSIS.
SUCCESSFUL DESIGN RELIES ON SYNTHESIS

15. Problem Solution
WE CONTEND THAT PROBLEM SOLVING IS A VALID APPROACH TO
DESIGN; THEREFORE,PROBLEM DEFINITION SHOULD BE THE FIRST
STEP IN THE DESIGN PROCESS
Analysis Synthesis
SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMMING RELIES ON ANALYSIS.
SUCCESSFUL DESIGN RELIES ON SYNTHESIS

16. 1 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 5
Algorithmic Heuristic
PROGRAMMING IS HEURISTIC : STEPS ARE NOT RIGOROUSLY SEQUENTIAL,
AND INFORMATION IS HARDLY EVER PRECISE OR COMPLETE
PROGRAMMING NEED ABSTRACT THINKING-KEEPING PART MALLEABLE,
JELLYLIKE,AND LOOSE UNTIL DESIGN SYNTHESIZES THE PHYSICAL
SOLUTION

17. IDEALLY,WE SHOULD HAVE BOTH FEEDFORWARD AND FEEDBACK. THE
BUILDING PROGRAM,AS INFORMATION FEEDFORWARD, FORMS THE BASIS
OF DESIGN. THE EVALUATION, AS INFORMATION FEEDBACK, OFFERS
REFINEMENT OF DESIGN
AS PROGRAMMERS, WHEN WE SEARCH FOR A CLEAR,RASIONAL
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM, OUR MINDS MUST THINK OBJECTIVELY
Feedforward Feedback
Program Design Design Evaluation

18. Art
ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES EMPHASIZE INTUITIVE,SUBJECTIVE THINKING.
SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES EMPAHASIZE LOGICAL,OBJECTIVE THINKING.
ARCHITECTURE DEALS WITH BOTH
UNLESS EMPATHIC TO OTHER VIEWS-TO HOW OTHER SPECIALIST THINK-AN
INDIVIDUAL PROBABLY WON’T MAKE A GOOD MEMBER OF THE TEAM AS
EITHER A PROGRAMMER OR AS A DESIGNER

19. Problem Solution

20. PENTAHAPAN DALAM DESIGN
INPUT PROSES OUTPUT
PROSES PERANC. HASIL PERANC.
PROGRAMMING DESAIN
IDENTIFIKASI
MASALAH
PERUMUSAN
MASALAH PENYUSUNA
N PROGRAM
TRANSFORM
ASI DESAIN
PEMECAHAN
MASALAH
PROBLEM SEEKING PROBLEM
SOLVING
R A S I O N A L KREATIF /
INTUITIF
DESIGN P R O B L E M
DESIGN S O L U T I O N

21. PROBLEM DISAIN TIDAK DAPAT DIUNGKAPKAN DALAM SATU
PERNYATAAN YANG KOMPREHENSIF (design problems cannot be
comprehensively stated)
KARAKTER DESIGN PROBLEM
perkuliahan Minggu ke-7
1
PROBLEM DISAIN MEMBUTUHKAN INTERPRETASI YANG SUBYEKTIF
(design problems require subjective interpretation)
2
3
PROBLEM DISAIN CENDERUNG MUNCUL DAN DISUSUN SECARA
BERJENJANG (design problems tend to be organized hirarchically)
TERDAPAT SOLUSI YANG TIDAK TERHINGGA UNTUK SETIAP
PERMASALAHAN (there are an inexhaustible number of different
solutions)
1
2 SULIT UNTUK MENDAPATKAN SOLUSI DISAIN YANG BETUL-BETUL
OPTIMAL DALAM PEMECAHAN SUATU PERMASALAHAN DISAIN (there
are no optimal solution to design problems)
KARAKTER DESIGN SOLUTION

22. KARAKTER DESIGN PROCESS
1
2
3
4
PROSES DISAIN TIDAK PERNAH BERAKHIR (the design process is endles)
TIDAK ADA PROSES DISAIN YANG BENAR ATAU SALAH SECARA
MUTLAK (there is no infallibly correct process)
DALAM PROSES DISAIN PADA HAKEKATNYA TERDAPAT PROSES
PENCARIAN SEKALIGUS PENYELESAIAN MASALAH (the process
involves finding as well as solving problems)
KEPASTIAN SUATU HASIL AKHIR DISAIN MENYANGKUT PENILAIAN
YANG SUBYEKTIF (design inevitably involves subjective value judgement)
5
6
DESIGN MERUPAKAN KEGIATAN PRESKRIPTIF (design is a prescriptive
activity)
PERANCANG BEKERJA DALAM KONTEKS KEBUTUHAN AKAN AKSI
(designers work in the context of a need for action)