2. Basic Facts and Figures (2011)
For households:
average monthly income = ¥185,000 (USD$1,555)
% of that income from the pension = 90%
% of people over 64 working = 27.6%
average monthly spending = ¥221,000 (USD$1,858)
average monthly deficit = ¥36,000 (USD$303)
median savings = ¥14.6 million (USD$122,781)
Source: http://blog.japantimes.co.jp/yen-for-living/new-stats-about-old-folks/ 1
3. life expectancy at birth
GINI Country Report Japan
Figure 3.15: Life expectancy at birth by gender
Sources: Complete Life Table and Abridged Life Table (Statistics and Information Department, Minister’s
Secretariat, MHLW).
Note: People born in Okinawa prefecture are excluded from calculations before 1970.
Health is not only measured by life expectancy. Living actively is another important measure of health.
60
65
70
75
80
85
90 1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
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1980
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1998
1999
2000
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2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
(years)
Life expectancy at birth, female (years) Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
Life expectancy at birth, male (years)
Ohtake, F., Kohara, M., Okuyama, N,Yamada K. (2013). Growing inequalities and their impacts on Japan.
2
6. Ohtake, F., Kohara, M., Okuyama, N,Yamada K. (2013). Growing inequalities and their impacts on Japan.
salaries: males
GINI Country Report Japan
Figure 2.9: Log wage differences for men between the 50th and 10th
Source: Basic Survey of Wage Structure (Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare).
Note: See the note to the previous figure.
Figure 2.10: Log wage differences for women between the 90th and 50th
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8 1980
1981
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2011
All ages Age 20-24 Age 25-29 Age 30-34 Age 35-39
Age 40-44 Age 45-49 Age 50-54 Age 55-59
5
7. Ohtake, F., Kohara, M., Okuyama, N,Yamada K. (2013). Growing inequalities and their impacts on Japan.
unemployment rate: males
Source: Labor Force Survey (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (2010)).
Figure 2.13: Unemployment rate by age group and gender
Panel A. Male195
195
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Total Male Female
0
2
4
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8
10
12
14
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
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2004
2005
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(%)
Age 15-24 Age 25-34 Age 35-44 Age 45-54 Age 55-64
6
8. Ohtake, F., Kohara, M., Okuyama, N,Yamada K. (2013). Growing inequalities and their impacts on Japan.
salaries: females
GINI Country Report Japan
Figure 2.11: Log wage differences for women between the 50th and 10th percentiles
Source: Basic Survey of Wage Structure (Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare).
Note: See the note to the previous figure.
What happened in the labor market that lies behind this increase in wage inequality among low wage
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
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0,8 1980
1981
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All ages Age 20-24 Age 25-29 Age 30-34 Age 35-39
Age 40-44 Age 45-49 Age 50-54 Age 55-59
7
9. Ohtake, F., Kohara, M., Okuyama, N,Yamada K. (2013). Growing inequalities and their impacts on Japan.
unemployment rate: femalesGINI Country Report Japan
Panel B. Female
Source: Labor Force Survey (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
Note: The listed unemployment rates are based on official data for every February from 1989 to 2009.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1989
1990
1991
1992
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1994
1995
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(%)
Age 15-24 Age 25-34 Age 35-44 Age 45-54 Age 55-64
8
10. types of families on welfare
Ohtake, F., Kohara, M., Okuyama, N,Yamada K. (2013). Growing inequalities and their impacts on Japan.
GINI Country Report Japan
Figure 2.26: Welfare recipients by family type (monthly average)
Source: Care Reports of Welfare Administration (MHLW (2010)).
Note: The number of individuals is measured on the vertical axis.
0
200 000
400 000
600 000
800 000
1 000 000
1 200 000
1 400 000
1 600 000
1980
1981
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Total Households of the aged
Households of the disabled/invalid Households of mother and child(ren)
Other Households
9
11. poverty rates by age
Ohtake, F., Kohara, M., Okuyama, N,Yamada K. (2013). Growing inequalities and their impacts on Japan.
GINI Country Report Japan
Figure 2.23: Poverty rates calculated by disposable income
Source: Authors’ calculations using micro data taken from the NSFIE.
Note: The figure shows the ratio of the number of people whose income is less than or equal to half of the
national median income. For calculation, household income and consumption is divided by square root of the
number of household members.
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
0,14
0,16
0-4
5-9
10-14
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75-
PovertyRate
1984 1994 2004
10
12. Gini coefficient by age
Ohtake, F., Kohara, M., Okuyama, N,Yamada K. (2013). Growing inequalities and their impacts on Japan.
GINI Country Report Japan
Figure 2.20: Gini coefficient before-tax income by age group
Source: Authors’ calculations using micro data taken from the NSFIE.
Note: For the calculation, household income and consumption are divided by the square root of the number of
household members.
0,20
0,22
0,24
0,26
0,28
0,30
0,32
0,34
GiniCoefficient
1984 1994 2004
11
13. overall:
highest incomes – from Tokyo to
Osaka
lowest incomes – in the outer
regions e.g.Tohoku, Shikoku,
Kyushu
per capita income: by prefecture
12
14. overall:
lowest poverty – central Japan
(Aichi, Gifu, Nagano,Toyama,
Shizuoka)
highest poverty – urban areas
(particularly Osaka,Tokyo)
and outer regions (e.g. Hokkaido,
northern Tohoku, Shikoku, Kyushu)
poverty rates: by prefecture
13
