Rafael Marañón (CEO & Founder, Wavyn) talks on "Trends in Auto Tech" The adoption of self-driving cars will be an evolutionary process. Trust on the technology by the customers won’t happen overnight. Also, there are more than a billion cars on the road today with an average of 11.6 years that are not using yet any type of driving assistance technology. In this talk, Rafael Marañón will discuss the current trends and on-going efforts of bringing different types of autonomous features to new and old cars. Rafa is currently building technologies for autonomous vehicles. He is very passionate about designing products that change the world we live drastically. He is the founder of the MIT Social Media club, and a former employee of Amazon and Cisco in Silicon Valley, where he built and shipped global products to millions of customers. Co-organizers: SPb Python, ODS Meetup, IT Talk

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2. Trends in Auto Tech
Rafael Marañón
CEO at Wavyn
Saint Petersburg, Russia
August 23, 2018

3. Agenda
Part 1
• Introduction
• Problem and existing solutions
• Industry transition
• Investments
• Q&A
(Break)
@rafaelmaranon 3
Part 2
• Technologies
• Use cases / features
• Adoption challenges and solutions
• Q&A

4. What problem are we solving?
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5. @rafaelmaranon
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6. What is already done?
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7. Infrastructure improvements
Road Traffic Safety: measures to ensure that
in the event of a crash, the impact energies
remain below the threshold likely to produce
either death or serious injury of road users.
• Median barriers
• Guard rails
• Marked lanes
• Speed humps
• Rumble strips
• Speed cameras
• Sidewalks for pedestrians
• Traffic calming
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8. Crashworthy systems and devices
Passive Vehicle Safety: systems that help
reduce the effects of an accident. These
devices automatically deploy when the car
gets into a crash.
• Seat belts
• Airbags
• Shatter resistant glass
• Bumpers
• Strong body structures
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9. Reducing Human Errors
Active Vehicle Safety: systems that help avoid
automobile accidents, such as good steering and
brakes. Driver-assistance technologies are also
considered “active” since they work to maintain
control and avoid accidents, but they work using
more sophisticated technology.
• Anti-lock braking systems (ABS)
• Steering and Suspension systems
• Lights and Reflectors
• Signals and Mirrors
Emerging:
• Advance Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
• Full Autonomous vehicles
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10. How are we transitioning?
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13. Source: McKinsey&Company
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14. Autonomous vs Semi-Autonomous
"What we found was pretty scary. It's
hard to take over because [the drivers]
have lost contextual awareness."
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“Hand-Off” Between Autonomous Car and Driver is a Terrible Idea
(Source: MIT 6.S094)

15. Semi-Autonomous Cars Could Increase Distracted-Driving Deaths
Traffic fatalities are rising, but autonomous driver aids don’t yet do
enough to ensure that people concentrate on the road.
(Source: MIT Tech Review)
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Autonomous vs Semi-Autonomous
(Source: MIT 6.S094)

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(Source: MIT 6.S094)

18. Customers see ADAS as valuable
Demand for ADAS is expected to increase over the next decade due to:
• Regulatory: Forward Collision Warning (FCW) and Autonomous
Emergency Break (AEB) mandatory by 2020 in both the US and the
EU
• Consumer interest: safety applications that protect drivers, reduce
accidents and promote comfort and economy
• OEMs and suppliers: main feature differentiating automotive brands, as
well as one of their most important revenue sources
• Startups and high-tech players: same technology could also be used to
create fully autonomous vehicles
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Source: McKinsey&Company
The operation of automated cars will move from advanced driver-assistance
systems to fully autonomous driving as the technology matures.

19. What are the investment?
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20. Major categories investors are looking at
Auto tech companies use software to improve safety, convenience, and
efficiency in cars. These are the major categories:
• Assisted and autonomous driving
• Driver safety tools
• Connected vehicle/driving data
• Fleet telematics
• Vehicle-to-vehicle communication
• Auto cybersecurity
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22. $5.0B in 2016
$0.6B in 2016
$1.4B in 2016
$4.0B in 2017
$13.8B in 2016
$16.5B in 2017
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27. What are the key technologies involved?
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28. Sensors
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Camera + LiDAR

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(Source: Wccftech)

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(Source: Quanergy)

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Computer Vision

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(Source: MIT 6.S094: Deep Learning for Self-Driving Cars https://selfdrivingcars.mit.edu/)

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(Source: MIT 6.S094: Deep Learning for Self-Driving Cars. https://selfdrivingcars.mit.edu/)

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36. What are the highly automated car features?
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37. Automated Driver Assistance Features
NON-INTERVENTION
(monitoring, warning)
INTERVENTION
(braking, and steering)
Forward Collision Warning (FCW) Autonomous Emergency Break (AEB)
Collision Avoidance Assist (CAA)
Lane Departure Warning (LDW) Lane Keeping Assist (LKA)
High Speed Warning (HSW) Speed Limiter (SL)
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
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38. Forward Collision Warning (FCW)
What does it do?
Alerts the drivers to a potential collision with a
vehicle detected ahead
How does it work?
Uses cameras, radar, or laser (or some
combination thereof) to scan the road ahead and
to alert the driver if the distance to a vehicle
ahead is closing too quickly. The systems alert the
driver with an audible, haptic (touch), and/or
visual cue
iihs.org
* According to the NHTSA, out of the 6 million car accidents that happen on U.S. roads every year, over 40% of them (2.5
million) are rear-end collisions. FCW alone reduced rear-end striking crash involvement rates by 23%
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39. Autonomous Emergency Brake (AEB)
What does it do?
Automatically activates the vehicle’s brake, to
some degree, when necessary
How does it work?
Use sensors, cameras, radar, and LIDAR to
detect an impending vehicle collision. Systems
vary from pre-charging brakes, slowing the
vehicle to lessen damage or even stop the
vehicle before a collision occurs
volvo.com
* FCW with AEB reduced rear-end striking crash involvement rates by 39%
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40. Collision Avoidance Assist (CAA)
What does it do?
Helps the driver steer around an obstacle in a
critical situation
How does it work?
Uses data from the two radar sensors and the
front camera to calculate a suitable evasive
maneuver corridor. After a warning, it applies
a slight steering torque.
audi.com
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41. Lane Departure Warning (LDW)
What does it do?
Alerts drivers when their vehicle is about to
unintentionally cross into another lane with a
visual and audio or sensory cue.
How does it work?
A small front camera detect the distance of road
surface markings and then analyzes that
information to determine if the vehicle is about to
drift across said markings. If the turn signal is not
activated when this happens, the driver is alerted
by a visual warning and an audible tone or a
vibration.
iihs.org
* In 2015, nearly 13,000 people died in single-vehicle run-off-road, head-on, and sideswipe crashes where a
passenger vehicle left the lane unintentionally
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42. Lane Keeping Assist (LKA)
What does it do?
Acts to automatically move the vehicle back
into the lane.
How does it work?
The car will either apply the brakes on the
opposite front wheel or use steering input to
make the correction. A driver who simply
forgot to use the turn signal can easily
overcome this by actively steering the car in
the desired direction.
iihs.org
* In model year 2017, lane departure warning was available on 63% of new U.S. passenger vehicle series
equipment (5% as standard and 57% as optional)
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43. High Speed Warning (HSW)
What does it do?
Alert driver when speeding
How does it work?
Coordinates the car’s position, via GPS, with
a database of speed limit information to alert
drivers if they’re speeding. This helps drivers
maintain a safe driving speed.
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44. Speed Limiter (SL)
What does it do?
Limits driving speed to a value set by the
driver
How does it work?
When the preset limit is reached, the vehicle
gently throttles the speed down. The speed
limit is not exceeded even if the driver applies
more pressure to the accelerator pedal.
audi.com
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45. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
What does it do?
Automatically speeds up and slows down
your car to keep a set following distance
relative to the car ahead. Provides some
limited braking.
How does it work?
A radar and cameras read cars in front of you
in your lane. Then the car increase or
decrease your car’s speed to maintain a
following distance that you set. Advanced
versions can even slow and stop your car in
traffic jams, then accelerate for you.
audi.com
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46. Other Automated Driver Assistance Features
Surround view | Remote Control Parking | Park Distance Control | Back-up Camera …
@rafaelmaranon
Blind Spot Monitor: alerts drivers when there may
be something located in their blind spot.
Rear Cross Traffic Alert: provides an alert to the driver that
traffic is approaching from the left or right when the vehicle is
in reverse.
Park Assist: Helps guide you into a parallel parking spot after
searching and finding a viable option. It automatically steer the
car but doesn’t brake or shift gears.
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47. How is the adoption?
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48. Adoption Challenges
Psychological: The trust themselves
more than the technology
Security and technology failure: Feeling
the new car advances are too new and
unproven
Experience: Beeps are annoying
Cost: Not willing to pay extra for it
@rafaelmaranon
How can we transition smoothly to self-driving cars?
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49. (Source: Azim Shariff, Jean-François Bonnefon and Iyad Rahwan)
1. Overcome Psychological Challenges
Psychological Challenge Suggested Actions
The dilemmas of autonomous ethics Shift the discussion from the relative risk of injury
to the absolute risk.
Appeal to consumers’ desire for virtue signaling.
Overreactions after inevitable accidents Prepare the public for the inevitability of accidents.
Openly communicate algorithmic improvement.
A lack of transparency Find what information people find crucial and
comforting.
This will help to change people’s mental model of
autonomous vehicles perceived safety.
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50. The MIT Moral Machine (moralmachine.mit.edu)
(Source: moralmachine.mit.edu) 50@rafaelmaranon

51. (Source: moralmachine.mit.edu) 51@rafaelmaranon

52. 2. Start with passive driving assistants
Self-driving cars promise many benefits.
However, it will take many years to reach the
masses.
FCW and LKA will prevent up to 40% of the rear-
end car crashes according to a Insurance
Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) report.
Software and consumer electronics startups
that can also use the non-intervention part of
the technology to target a billion car market
operating without any type of driving assistant
technology.
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53. 3. Design Safety Driving Experiences (DX)
Noisy driver assistance is a big complaint. While
useful at the beginning, it become annoying
over time, to the point you end up switching it
off permanently
* An IIHS study found that 66% of drivers
turned off the lane departure warning.
More a life-saver than annoying ‘turn signal
nanny’ through personalization
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55. Which Brands Do LDW and LKA Best?
Most Satisfying (77% for LDW and 80% for LKA):
Cadillac, Hyundai, and Tesla followed by Lexus, Dodge, Chrysler, and Jeep
“I love it. It has a vibration in the seat and a visual cue on the dashboard. It’s good for me,
but it’s critical for my husband, who frequently drifts. I don’t have to point it out now,” the
owner of a 2015 Cadillac SRX said, about LDW.
Least Satisfying (59% LDW and 62% LKA):
Honda (Inconsistent operation was a major complaint)
“The LKA will work for a few minutes and then it is as if it forgets what it is supposed to be
doing and lets your car drift out of the lane, mostly toward the shoulder,” an owner of a 2016
Honda CR-V said.
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56. Conclusions
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Semi-Autonomous vehicle is a good approach
• Flaws need humans. The scene understanding problem requires much
more than pixel-level labeling
Changing people’s mental models on AI is needed
• Humans need to understand robots limitations to build trust
Enjoyable and safe driving experience is a requirement
• Robots need to exist with humans in order to “driving like a human”

57. Are You Up To The Challenge?
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58. Thanks!
rafa@wavyn.com