The document discusses Northrop Frye's critical theory that interprets literature through recurring myths, symbols, and archetypes. It explores his five spheres, distinguishing between comic and tragic elements in various genres, including representations of animals, landscapes, and minerals. Frye's schema, while simplistic, allows for exceptions and emphasizes the interplay of genres in understanding literary works, citing Beckett's 'Waiting for Godot' as an example of tragic comedy.