1. VMM-Level Distributed Transparency Provisioning Using Cloud Infrastructure TechnologySystems and Virtualization Management (SVM), 2010 4th International DMTF Academic Alliance Workshop Authors: MahsaNajafzadeh , HadiSalimi, MohsenSharifi and Ali Hamidi School of Computer Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran , Iran Presenter: Ritwik Anburmath

2. Milestones.. Introduction Cloud Infrastructure Technology CIT – Research Challenges CIT – Solutions Transparent Network Service for VM Conclusion Remarks

3. Milestones Introduction Cloud Infrastructure Technology CIT – Research Challenges CIT – Solutions Transparent Network Service for VM Conclusion Remarks

4. Virtualization Technology - A computing environment can be virtualized into one or more virtual execution environments. Virtual Distributed Environment [VDE] is a Distributed system that its main building blocks are Virtual Machines. Advantages : 1. Migration 2. Isolation The Distributed environment turn into a scalable and flexible infrastructure.

5. Virtual Machine Monitor [VMM] - is a host program that allows a single computer to support multiple , identical execution environments In a virtual machine environment, the virtual machine monitor (VMM) becomes the master control program with the highest privilege level, and the VMM manages one or more operating systems Figure on next slide….

6. Fig 1. VMM

7. VMM is responsible for Creation , Migration and Management of VM’s. Who is responsible for 1. Replication 2. Scheduling 3. Dependability issues of VM’s. Solution is Build New Software Layer above VMM that can provide mentioned services. The Software layer is termed as Cloud Infrastructure Technology [CIT]

8. This paper introduces us to CIT [Cloud Infrastructure Technology] Advantages of CIT Future Research Directions The main challenges of this technology is to provide different types of distribution transparency such as Location, Migration and replication on running virtual machines.

9. Milestones.. Introduction Cloud Infrastructure Technology CIT – Research Challenges CIT – Solutions Transparent Network Service for VM Conclusion Remarks

10. Cloud Infrastructure Technology Built to provide transparency at VM level. Provide services like Autonomic Scalability , Scheduling and Replication. Deployed on top of VMM

11. Scenario Consider two Co-located VM’s are communicating using shared memory facilities. If one VM migrates to another machine , now the communication is message passing. Location of this VM should remain transparent to other VM’s Provided by CIT services.

12. Milestone.. Introduction Cloud Infrastructure Technology CIT – Research Challenges CIT – Solutions Transparent Network Service for VM Conclusion Remarks

13. *Load Balancing Migrating VM from one physical machine to another helps in distributing the load. By load balancing we can reduce Network traffic among tightly coupled VM’s. Helps in reducing Power consumption and making the system fault tolerant. Need CIT - to schedule virtual machines on physical workstations to balance the workload.

14. *Image Management Managing VM images effectively Transmitting them in Virtualized distributed environment effectively

15. *Security Need for secure isolation of Computing environments. Balancing between security and anonymity is difficult. CIT has to manage user demands and also security issues.

16. *Service – Level Agreements Virtual machine allocation to physical machine based on SLA’s is another challenge in virtual distributed environment. CIT must support SLA’s in order to make a tradeoff between customer objectives and low level system issues such as computing costs.

17. *Autonomic Scalability Autonomic scalability enables a system to scale up and down its capacity according to changing circumstances . CIT should address this issue. Amazon Elastic compute cloud assures this feature. But EC2 automatically does not scale up or down dramatically so still CIT needs to address this issue.

18. *Energy Efficiency Energy consumption of virtualized datacenters has increased dramatically. Policies are being adopted in datacenters for energy reduction. These issues should be addressed implementation of effective mechanisms in the CIT layer.

19. Milestones.. Introduction Cloud Infrastructure Technology CIT – Research Challenges Available CIT – Solutions Transparent Network Service for VM Conclusion Remarks

20. 1. OpenNebula An advanced software framework for Cloud computing that supports Xen [VMM], KVM [Kernel-based VM] and VMware virtualization platforms Enable the dynamic placement of groups of interconnected virtual machines on distributed infrastructures

21. 2.Nimbus A CIT that is placed on the virtual infrastructure and provides the ability of dynamic management of virtual machines in the virtualized distributed environments Nimbus supports Xen and KVM virtualization technologies and acts similar to OpenNebula in many aspects such as creating and managing of VMs Includes some security features which are not supported in OpenNebula

22. 3.Eucalyptus An open source software layer that implements the infrastructure as a Cloud Eucalyptus’s architecture is modular, simple, and hierarchical Compatible with Amazon EC2 API Lacks feature like VM Migration 3 main Components – Node Controller , Cluster Controller and Cloud Controller

23. Node Controller – Installed on each of cluster node and manages and controls the virtual machine instances. Cluster Controller – Responsible for collecting status info from node controller , scheduling of VM instances on the node controllers, network configurations Cloud Controller is an interface through which external entities can communicate with Eucalyptus

24. 4. Amazon EC2 One of the Amazon web services that provides a resizable capacity in Cloud computing environment EC2 makes a business CIT for Cloud computing environments Its main objective is to provide the needed capacity of customers on demand

25. 5. Xenoserver A CIT that provides a form of transparency in Global Public Computing model (any user, any code, anywhere) Provides some form of transparency in virtualized distributed environment.

26. Milestone Introduction Cloud Infrastructure Technology CIT – Research Challenges CIT – Solutions Transparent Network Service for VM Conclusion Remarks

27. Heterogeneous environment like Cloud needs to provide a different network services in support of virtual machines. As a proof of concept authors implemented a framework for dynamic deployment of transparent network services. In this framework, a network service can be installed as a loadable kernel module to provide a specific network service.

28. Xen Hypervisor was selected as the test bed VMM. Network traffic must go through Dom0

29. In a Xen-based virtualized environment Dom0 has direct access to physical resources.

30. Service provided by framework is Transparent No changes in applications No compilation or configuration of operating system Dynamically configurable Administrator can (de)activate it easily Can be configured to serve selected virtual machines

31. Packet Compression Network Service has been Implemented as a Netfilter Kernel Module inside Dom0. Transparent = Needs no change in applications and guest operating systems Can be dynamically inserted inside Dom0 kernel. Administrators can (de)activate it for specific virtual machines. Figure on Next slide…

33. Test results Packet Compression service Test shows 30% increase in N/W Bandwidth

34. Local acknowledgement service – If the transport layer protocol is TCP and the packet has data, then it generates ack packet for that data and sends it to sender VM. If it is ACK packet from Remote peer this service simply drops it. When Local ACK service module is deployed in Dom0’s kernel it provides its service to all VM running on the VMM. Can be further configured

35. Test Results for Local ACK network service

36. Milestone Introduction Cloud Infrastructure Technology CIT – Research Challenges CIT – Solutions Transparent Network Service for VM Conclusion Remarks

37. Different aspects of Transparency can be provided by deploying a new software layer above VMM. Lots of issues existing in current CIT needs to be addressed. Proof of concept prototype showed possible implementation of CIT and also better system performance.

38. Milestone.. Introduction Cloud Infrastructure Technology CIT – Research Challenges CIT – Solutions Transparent Network Service for VM Conclusion Remarks

39. Well written paper Need more test results CIT processing delays need to be addressed. Performance evaluation on different test beds required.

40. Questions?