Take a look at 1 second of big bang, with every detail and some philosophy of human astronomical questions

1. What is Big bang?
When did Timestarted?
By Rijul Chaturvedi
Class –VIII D

2. We humans have an interesting habit, which is to study our Past.
Why? Because we want to know more about our place in the
universe…….Not just our place, the place of stars, galaxies and
everything. Only in past century we developed curiosity for space.
Before that everyone used to think whatever we see around us is
made by God. But when we started to ask questions like
‘why?’ ‘how?’ ‘when?’, then we started to understand what it
really meant. Philosophers asked question from scientist
that-
How did this universe got into existence?
Is there an end to our universe?
What was before universe?
Some Existential crisis…………………………………..

3. Where we are wrong?
Before starting to actual theory, let us first quit asking
question like –
“what was before time?”
If we believe that time started from universe then we
cannot really define ‘before’ without ‘time’ . We can only
define after as there is no before.
And Time is something which cannot be defined by words
there are literally thousand meaning of word time.

4. From Nothing To Everything?
It is believed that everything in our existence
came from nothing, but wait you cant even
make something from nothing. We think and
understand our world and Universe in
Newtonian Mechanics. But to the deep science
of the universe, it works on Quantum
Mechanics. And in Quantum Mechanics, we can
create something from nothing and convert that
‘something’ to everything.

5. Now you might ask what is this
weird thing……This is the beginning of
the universe….? How?

6. Fluctuation Epoch
Those were fluctuations in vacuum. As we know before big
bang, there must be only vacuum, no particles no object,
just Empty Space. The concept of empty space is complex.
Empty space is not always empty, there are these
fluctuations going around every second through these
particles known as virtual particles. To not make this boring,
we can say that these particles just like to spawn and
destroy each other creating huge amounts of energy. To
explain in depth we need some fancy math and physics.

8. Back to Singularities.
Did You notice something, a point and then
explosion?
That was a singularity, we all know that singularity
is a 1 dimensional point with no volume but infinite
density, it sounds confusing but yet it exists.
Before big bang everything was in this point, as it
was infinitely dense, it was infinitely hot too so it
would be like countless suns squeezed into a single
point……………The very first nanosecond of our
Universe is…………..

9. The Planck Epoch
(very first nanosecond of our universe)
10^-43s after big bang………
During Planck Epoch (also known as planck time which is smallest
indivisible time and also where basic laws of physics still work)All
4 fundamental forces (Electromagnetic force, strong and weak
nuclear force and gravitational force) combined into one. The
universe was a hot soup of energy at this point. No particle could
be formed at this point because all things just refused to work at
this point. Little is understood about science of this Epoch
because one cannot technically predict what would happen if
there is no force or particle to even explain basic science.

10. Grand Unification Epoch

11. Grand Unification Epoch
At a very long time from 10^-43 s to 10^-36s
At this period of time the temperature of universe was 10^27
Kelvin which is insanely hot. Now all forces were combined to
“electronuclear force” while gravity escaped at the end of the
planck era, other 3 were still combined to Electronuclear force.
Now there is an interesting field called Higgs Field which gives
particle there mass and at this G.U Epoch, particles could attain
mass with interacting with Higgs field ( because earlier as other
higgs field still refused to work at Planck Epoch)
This is Higgs
Field. ------>

12. Inflationary Epoch

13. Inflationary Epoch
“Universe suddenly decided to break hyperinflation
Guinness world record of Hungary during World War II at
this epoch”
Universe expanded from a DNA Molecule to 20 solar
systems in about 10^-32 seconds. But wait….isnt that
faster than light which is theoretically impossible
Yes impossible but only when inside the universe, here it
does not affect to the expansion of the universe itself.
What caused the sudden inflation?
We don’t know, it could be separation of fundamental
forces, or might be some other quantum physical law.

14. Electroweak Symmetry Breaking

15. Electroweak symmetry breaking
10^-12s after big bang.
The universe separates its last electroweak force
into electromagnetic and weak nuclear force
because temperatures are now much cooler
than Planck or G.U epoch. But still temperatures
are too high for atoms to be formed, everything
was a quark-gluon soup.
Fun Fact: everything that just happened, every
epoch would have repeated itself trillion times it
would take you to say word ‘Mississippi’.

16. Baryogenesis (aka forming of
baryons)
Sorry no animation to show

17. Baryogenesis
1s after big bang
Due to cooling of universe, baryons like
neutrons and protons which are fundamental
parts of atoms formed. And universe split into
matter and antimatter and annihilated each
other but somehow normal matter came at
top for a reason.

19. The Big Bang, summarized.
• Fluctuation Epoch -Before the actual explosion, all empty space was filled
with these virtual particles coming into existence and destroying each other
(Time = 0 as there is no start yet)
• After Fluctuation Epoch, all energy of annihilations was concentrated into a
infinitely dense point which exploded (Time = 0 still time will begin with Planck
Epoch)
• Planck Epoch – All fundamental forces unified into One force and none field
was working. (time = 10^-43s)
• Grand Unification Epoch – The one force split itself into Gravity and
electronuclear force. ( time = 10^-36s)
• Inflationary Epoch – Universe expanded faster than speed of light to release
the energy of Fluctuation Epoch. ( time = 10^-32s)
• Electroweak Symmetry Breaking – The symmetry between weak nuclear force
and electromagnetism force breaks, bringing all 4 forces into existence. Also
Standard Model Particles have been also Formed. ( 10^-12s)
• Baryogenesis – The baryons like proton or neutron have been formed and for
next thousand of years universe will continue to cool down. ( 1s after Big
bang)

20. Thank you