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NFU Presentation
- 1. Diversification, through on-farm composting and anaerobic digestion of business wastes Richard Porter The HSQE Department Ltd/Land Network International Andrew Tarling RABBITT Recycling (UK) Ltd
Editor's Notes
- Defined by European Waste Catalogue (EWC) LNI can accept 35 codes LNI wastes range from green waste, trimmings/washings from vegetable processing, wood (timber, OSB, plywood, chipboard), industrial filter cakes (e.g. printing ink). A new composting exemption doesn’t cost anything, but can take 3 months to obtain but you may need a new exemption to spread the material, which costs ~£1000 in fees and time.
- Gate fee £18 - £25/tonne for green wastes £20 - £100/tonne for business wastes LNI farms typically take 25% business wastes A 25,000 tonne operation would turn over around £600 - £800 k Chemical fertilizer 3 tonnes of waste makes around 2 tonnes of compost Nutrients in each tonne of compost worth £5 - £10 of chemical fertilizer (WRAP) For a 25000 operation, this is worth ~ £128 k Improves soil A recent DEFRA report claimed that the organic content, water holding capacity and nutrient levels of England’s soils have deteriorated over the last 200 years. Along with the Met Office predictions that we are headed for hotter weather, but no more rainfall, this presents farmers with a challenge. Research and LNI’s experience show that using compost improves the soil and crop yields compared with chemical fertilizer and also locks carbon into the soil.
- Heavily regulated Planning permission, Waste Management Licensing Regs - Paragraph 12 exemption for each EWC coded waste accepted, Paragraph 7 exemption for each EWC coded waste stream spread on land. Environmental Permitting Regs permit needed for sites with more than 1000 cu m (~ 5000 tpa). COTC required to operate large site The regulations will be changing in April 2010. High cost You can start a small site, under exemption, with existing equipment and people. Investment is likely to be needed to reach a reasonable size. More on this later. Profit margin is sensitive to tonnage. If you need to provide all equipment & infrastructure, you might only break-even at 10 ktpa. Few farms are suitable. Need to consider: Proximity to waste (N Somerset has 17 ktpa) Proximity to people Access Environmental risk Size of land bank Again, ,more of this later Competition for waste streams. A large operation needs to get & hold large contracts. This can put pressure on gate fees if there is more capacity than waste available.
- Willing to accept regulation Heavily regulated. Are you willing to accept and comply? Sufficient land To start, around 500 acres under ownership or access to neighbours’ land. Spreading rate about 25t/Ha (10 t/acre). Far enough away from people For planning - at least 250m from where people live or work. For EA (bio-aerosols) preferably 400m Close enough to waste sources No more than 15 miles from a centre of population, preferably less than 10. Reasonable access for HGVs Need agreement of highways officer for planning permission. Can access cope with articulated trailers and will neighbours accept the traffic? Environmental protection criteria - consider water (>75m) Wells for drinking water and irrigation Nitrate vulnerable zones Groundwater protection zones Sensitive receptors (SSSI etc)