lecture notes on Need & Importance of O & M skills.pptx

1. Need, Importance,Activities,
IdeasandResource for
Developing Orientation and
Mobilityskills for CWVI
Dr.D.Revathi,
Assistant Professor in Spl Edn, NIEPMD,
Chennai

2. Take a look at this pic

3. Orientation
Orientation is the process of
becoming familiar with and
establishing one’s position and
relationship to significant objects in
the environment’
Where am I?
Where is my objective?
How do I get there?

4. Important thing to know
• Orientation to fixed reference points
while stationary
• Orientation to fixed reference points
while moving
• Orientation to moving reference points
while stationary
• Orientation to moving reference points
while moving

5. Mobility
• Mobility is defined as the act of moving or ability to move
from one’s present position to one’s desired position

6. How can someone with a visual
impairment travel safely?

7. The term O & M used to describe methods to navigate safely,
gracefully and confidently in an environment
O & M are taught as a part of Rehabilitation and education program for
blind and Visually impaired

8. O & M Assessment
Outcome
Not with O & M specialist
but with the First
professional
 Areas of Assessment:
Indoor travel,
Public indoor travel,
outdoor travel,
Public transportation
and crowd travel
 Planning a curriculum
Age and needs
-Appropriate
Establish realistic
Goals according to needs,
abilities and limitations

9. Need & Importance of O & M
 Enhance independence and develop confidence in their
surroundings and their ability to navigate their environments
O & M instruction provides real experiences essential to all
children
O & M instruction bring general curriculum to life
(leads to comprehensive rehabilitation)

10. Mobility among blind
persons is approx.
Travel unaided 30%
Travel with the help of
sighted person 35%
Travel with a cane 30%
Travel with a dog 1 %
Other or do not travel 4%

11. O & M courses/activities
includes: sensory training,
concept development,
motor skills,
orientation to surroundings,
self-protection,
long cane skills and
use of human guide

12. HUMAN/SIGHTED GUIDE TECHNIQUE
HOW TO GUIDE A PERSON
WITH A VISUAL IMPAIRMENT

13. Etiquette
• Announce name
• Speak directly to the
• individual at a normal volume
• Ask if assistance is needed
• Do not push or pull
• Give left/right directions Describe surroundings Verbally
indicate surface changes Inform when destination is reached,
describe the route Do not leave the individual in open space

14. Basic Human Guide
• Offer arm by tapping back of hand against client’s hand
• Individual grasps arm just above elbow
• Firm grip
• Stay 1/2 step ahead of client
• Individual’s arm at 90 degrees
• Relaxed and comfortable pace

15. Supported Basic Sighted Guide
• If someone needs extra support, appears off
balance, or uncomfortable, bend your supporting
arm to 90 degrees so the individual can apply
weight to your arm
Changing Sides
• Individual places the back of free hand
just above grip on the guide's arm
• Individual moves the original grip hand
across guide's back to guide's other arm
• Individual sidesteps into new position on
guide's other side, resuming grip with the
appropriate hand.

16. Doorways
• Give narrow passageways
signal
• Indicate if door is push or pull
and if it opens to left or right
• Individual puts arm up to hold
door
• Walk through door and return
to basic hold

17. Seating
• Place individual’s hand on back
of seat
• OR guide individual to chair so
shins lightly touch front of seat
• Inform if individual is in front/back
of seat
• Allow individual to sit

18. Stairs
• Approach edge of steps
• Pause at edge of the first step.
• Individual brings toes to edge
of step
• Take the first step
• Individual follows guide's pace,
one step behind.
• Pause after completing the
stairs, announce stairs are
complete

19. https://tech.aph.org/omwc/xhtml/chapter-
05.xhtml

20. Use of long cane who can or
cannot

21. Use of optical
aids includes
telescopes,
magnifiers and
hand-held or
spectacle-
mounted devices
that improve or
enhance
remaining vision
Electronic travel
aids includes
laser cane,
pathsounder,
sonic guide and
the mowat sensor
Some of the areas
that are included in
the orientation &
mobility training are
as follows:

22. Dog-guide training