1. Well…um…well…I _ _ _ up about 6
o’clock in the _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Margaret and
Tom and I eat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ together,
and then I go to work. Every day I drive
around the station in my truck. My truck’s
old but it’s comfortable. Every day I look at
my cattle. I _ _ _ _ at the bores too. I talk _
_ my men. There are twenty men here on
“Katherine Downs”.I tell _ _ _ _ what to do.
Sometimes the men muster the cattle and
move _ _ _ _ to another part of the station.
2. • Reading is an active process of predicting
what is likely to come next. You can
predict (tell what will happen) successfully
if you have good knowledge of English
language and culture and familiarity with
the subject matter which you are reading
about. You can be a better reader if you
predict while you are reading.
Predicting
3. Exercise 1
• Read the incomplete phrases below and
complete them.
1. E _ _l _ s _ l _ n _ _ a _ _
2. G _ _ d k _ _ w _ _ d _ _
3. M _ t h _ _ _ t i _ _ p _ o b _ _ m s
4. C h _ _ _ c a l r _ _ c t _ _ n s
5. D _ _ f _ _ u _ t w _ _ d _
6. S_ _ en_ _fi _ r _ s _ _r_h
4. Exercise 2
Here are some unfinished sentences. Predict the kind of
information the next sentence will contain by choosing the
most likely word or phrase from the alternatives listed.
1. Nuclear power plants must be carefully monitored so
they do not emit harmful …
a. radiation
b. stimulation
c. retention
d. impression
5. 2. The earth receives ……. from the sun and the stars.
a. rainfall
b. gas
c. water
d. light
3. The report was too long. The boss asked the secretary
to ….. it so it wouldn’t be more than ten pages.
a. condense
b. acquire
c. wrote
d. proposed
6. Exercise 3
Pressure
Gases are made of atoms and (1) ………..,
which are in constant and rapid motion. The
atoms and molecules are constantly hitting
the walls of the gas container. In doing so
they exert pressure on the walls.
7. Exercise 3
Gases have no definite shape or (2) ………
The shape and volume of a gas depend on
its container. Compared with solids and
(3)……. , the molecules of a gas are
relatively far apart. Hence they can be (4)
……, or forced into a smaller space. But if
the volume of a gas is (5) …… its pressure
increases, because the molecules hit the
walls more often and more rapidly. Thus (6)
…… is in inverse proportion to volume.
8. • Students pay so much attention to difficult
words in a text that they often fail to get
the information they need. In this unit you
will learn some techniques for dealing with
difficult words.
Guessing Word Meaning
9. Read these sentences. The nonsense words
are all nouns. Choose the best word for
each nonsense word.
1. The teacher told us to read the kemei for
homework. (a) newspaper (b) book
(c) magazines
2. Roy forgot his gome so his feet got wet in the
rain. (a) coat (b) umbrella (c) boots
3. Tom did not close the goaji, so the room was
very cold. (a) coat (b) window (c) book
10. Read these sentences. The nonsense
words
are all verbs. Choose the best word for each
nonsense word.
1. Bill’s mother reswoks breakfast every
morning. (a) plays (b) cooks (c) likes
2. Sometimes John is homesick, so he
sallcs his mother in New York. (a) runs
(b) calls (c) shouts
3. Dr. Anwar soocks to go fishing. (a) likes
(b) plays (c) calls
11. Word Parts
pre- before
• The teacher gave us a test before we
discussed the story.
• The teacher gave us a pretest.
over- in excess; too much
• They slept too long and were late for class.
• They overslept and were late for class.
12. -or the person or thing that does a
certain action
• Sally operates a computer
• Sally is a computer operator.
-y adjective, the existence or
condition of
(NOUN+-y=ADJECTIVE)
• We had a lot of rain last week.
• We did not like the rainy weather.
13. -ness noun; the condition of
(ADJECTIVE+-NESS=NOUN)
• The little boy was very happy to win the
game.
• Everyone there felt his happines.
14. Write the new words. Use the new word
parts that you learned.
1.… to pay for something before you
received it.
2.… the machine that refrigerates food.
3.… sleep too long.
4.… a words that describes the weather
when there are many clouds.
5.… eat too much.
15. Using Reference Words
• Writers do not like to use the same word
many times. They often use other words
which mean almost the same thing.
16. Pronouns
Sometimes pronouns are used instead of nouns.
They are small words, but they are very important
when you are reading. You will understand more if
you pay attention to pronouns.
He she it they we
you I them him her
these those
17. Example 1
• Mary Simms lives in New York city. She
has an apartment near Central park. Mary
jogs in the park. She thinks that jogging is
good for her. So she jogs three times a
week.
• All the underlined pronouns take the place
of the noun. Mary Simms is called the
referent.
18. Example 2
• Jogging is good for your health for a few
reasons. It is especially good for your
heart. If you do it a few days a week your
heart will be stronger. It is also good for
your legs. And many people believe it is
good for your mind.
• All of the underlined pronouns take place
of the noun. …………. is referent.
19. Sometimes pronouns can take the place of a group words.
Example
The Central park police officer often meets dangerous
people. Some people go to the park to steal. Other people
are there to sell drugs. And sometimes serious gun fights
start in the park. The park police officer may meet any of
these in the park.
Pronouns Referents
these people who steal
people who sell drugs
people who start gunfights
20. Exercise 1
In these sentences, the pronouns are
underlined. Write the referent.
1. Running is not a new sport. People were doing
it hundreds of years ago.
2. Every year there are many long races in many
parts of the world. Sport fans watch them on
television.
3. Runners know that a good diet is important.
They eat very healthy foods, especially before
a race.
21. Exercise 2
In these passages, the pronouns are
underlined. Write the referents.
1. If you go to Central Park, you will see
joggers, dogs, and bicyclists. They are
all part of life in the park.
2. Runners often wear special shoes,
socks, and shirts. These are all
important. But runners agree that shoes
are the most important.
22. Exercise 3
The pronouns in this passage are
underlined. Write the referents.
A tornado is a very dangerous storm. It
brings strong winds and it travels very
fast. The strong winds can blow over
cars, destroy houses and kill people. And
this happens just in a few.
23. Exercise 4
1. Hellen Keller was deaf and blind. She
could not speak until she was seven
years old. But these problems did not
stop her. She became a famous writer
and teacher.
2. The wind of a tornado is strong. No one
knows exactly how fast the wind is in the
center. The wind always breaks the
machines used for measuring it!
24. Exercise 5
Here are some collocations in English. How
many can you complete correctly?
1.Supply and ……… 6. shoes and ……
2.Positive and …….. 7. eat, drink, and ...
3.North pole and ….. 8. healthy, wealthy, and.
4.Advantages and … 9. doesn’t and …
5.Husband and ……. 10. needle and …
25. Exercise 6
Read the following incomplete sentences
and complete them with one word or more
than one. Use the context to predict what
the missing words should be.
1.World population today …….. drastically.
2.Antibodies…. harmful bacteria.
3.Plants …. nitrates from the soil.
4.Lights enters the eye through …
5.Uranium is essential as a …. of a radio
activity
26. Exercise 7
Read the sentences below. Then tell which
idea come next.
1.John and Alice Babson are not happy with
the school in their town.
a. Their children love to go to school
b. The classes are very crowded
c. It is a beautiful building
27. Exercise 7 cont’
2. Boston is a nice place to live in, but New
York city is more fun.
a. New York is a very dangerous city
b. There are many interesting things to do
in New York.
c. There are no good restaurants in New
York
28. Exercise 7 cont’
3. Fly Happy Time Airlines! Take an exciting
trip to Holiday Island.
a. This trip is very expensive
b. Holiday Island has warm, sunny
weather
c. Happy Time Airlines is never on time
29. Exercise 7 cont’
4. “Eat at Joe’s Diner! We serve breakfast
from 6 to 10”
a. No one likes breakfasts at Joe’s!
b. And the breakfast costs only $1.00!
c. The food is cold and the service is slow!
