Tim Reeskens gave a presentation in Loek Halman and Arnoud-Jan Bijsterveld's course "National and Regional Identities" on the perceived normative contours of Europe, using data of the 2017 European Values Study. With the support of the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union.

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Europe’s Contours

2. On Symbolic Boundaries
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So, What Defines Being European?

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European Integration, Undergirded by Values?

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Religiosity and the Nation-State: Then and Now

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Christianist Secularism?

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Christianity
Shared European Culture
Important Not Important
Important Particularists Hybrids
Not Important Seculars Amorphous
Introducing a Sweet Typology

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Distribution
Christianity
Shared European Culture
Important Not Important N
Important Particularists
12,553
(38.98%)
Hybrids
1,027
(14.37%)
13,580
(34.51%)
Not Important Seculars
19,650
(61.02%)
Amorphous
6,121
(85.63%)
25,771
(65.49%)
N 32,203
(81.84%)
7,148
(18.16%)
39,351
(100.00%)

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Variation Across Europe?

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Mechanism Explaining ‘Particularist’
Modernization (Inglehart) ---
Christian denomination +++
Religiosity +++
Trust in EU +++
Immigrant prejudice +++
Age +++
Income ---
Education ---
Explanations at the Individual Level?

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Explanations at the Contextual Level
Mechanism Explaining ‘Particularist’
Modernization (GDP per capita) ---
Inequality +++
Length EU membership -
Mechanism Explaining ‘Particularist’
Modernization (GDP per capita) ---
Inequality +++
Length EU membership -
Religiosity NS
Share of immigrants NS

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Conclusion