What is Antibiotic

1. BY
DR.RASIKA N. PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
SHRI SHIVAJI COLLEGE OF ARTS COMMERCE ANS
SCIENCE AKOLA

2.  Any substance that inhibits the growth and replication of a bacterium or
kills it outright can be called an antibiotic.
 Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial designed to target bacterial infections
within (or on) the body. This makes antibiotics subtly different from the
other main kinds of antimicrobials widely used today.
 Antibiotics are used to sterilize surfaces of living tissue when the risk of
infection is high, such as during surgery.
 Most antibiotics used today are produced in laboratories, but they are often
based on compounds scientists have found in nature. Some microbes, for
example, produce substances specifically to kill other nearby bacteria in
order to gain an advantage when competing for food, water or other limited
resources. However, some microbes only produce antibiotics in the
laboratory

4. WHY ARE ANTIBIOTICS IMPORTANT ?
 The introduction of antibiotics into medicine revolutionized the way infectious diseases were
treated. Between 1945 and 1972, average human life expectancy jumped by eight years, with
antibiotics used to treat infections that were previously likely to kill patients.
 Today, antibiotics are one of the most common classes of drugs used in medicine and make
possible many of the complex surgeries that have become routine around the world.
 If we ran out of effective antibiotics, modern medicine would be set back by decades.
Relatively minor surgeries, could become life threatening, as they were before antibiotics
became widely available.
 Antibiotics are sometimes used in a limited numbers of patients before surgery to ensure that
patients do not contract any infections from bacteria entering open cuts. Without this
precaution, the risk of blood poisoning would become much higher, and many of the more
complex surgeries doctors now perform may not be possible.

5. HOW DO ANTIBIOTICS WORK
 Antibiotics fight bacterial infections either by killing bacteria or slowing
and suspending its growth.
 They do this by: attacking the wall or coating surrounding bacteria.
 Interfering with bacteria reproduction

6. HOW ANTIBIOTICS ARE MADE
 Antibiotics are chemicals, effective at very low concentrations, created
as part of the life process of one organism, which can kill or stop the growth
of a disease-causing microbe, a germ.
 Majority of antibiotics are made from living organisms such as bacteria.
 About ninety percent of antibiotics are isolated from bacteria, fungi, and
molds.
 Others are produced synthetically, either in whole or in part

7. TYPES OF ANTIBIOTICS
 Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria directly.
 Bacteriostatic antibiotics stop bacteria from growing.
 Another important thing to remember about antibiotics is that they don’t work against
all types of bacteria.
 Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are only effective against a narrow range of bacteria.
 Broad- spectrum antibiotics are effective against a broad range of bacteria.

8.  Pneumonia
 Sepsis
 Meningitis
 Gall infection
 Skin infection
 Mucus membrane infection
 Diphtheria
 Gynaecologic infection
 ENT infection
 Fungus Infection

9. ALTHOUGH THERE IS A LONG LIST OF SIDE EFFECTS BUT SOME OF THEM ARE LISTED BELOW.
 Diarrhea
 Bloating
 Indigestion
 Abdominal pain
 Loss of appetite
 Being sick
 Feeling sick
 Itchy skin rash
 Coughing
 Life threatening allergic reaction

10.  Selective toxic to the microbe but nontoxic to host cell
 Microbial rather than macrobiotic
 Relatively soluble , function even when highly diluted in body fluid
 Remain potent long enough to act and is not broken down or excreted prematurity
 Doesn’t lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance
 Does not disrupt the host health by causing allergies or predisposing the host to other
infection
 Reasonably priced

11. THANK YOU