ASCI 615 Aviation/Aerospace Accident Investigation and Analysis Data Collection Part II Overview • Records Review • Electronic Evidence  CVR  FDR  ATC data  Weather  Aircraft Records  Crew Records • Accident Photography • Witness Interviews Records Review • Records are not as glamorous as wreckage, but may tell a large part of the story. Personnel training and qualification, aircraft maintenance and modification, and company policies and procedures all help build a picture of the operation prior to the accident • Operations Specialist –  Gather personnel, medical, and training records of aircrew involved.  Get copies of operating procedures, flying schedules, and training procedures from the owner/operator. Records Review (Cont.) • Maintenance Specialists –  Gather aircraft, engine, appliance, maintenance, servicing, and overhaul records.  Gather personnel and training records for maintainers involved with the accident aircraft.  Gather records on maintenance procedures, policies, and training.  Gather the same records for any organization that did outsourced maintenance. • Air Traffic Control Specialist –  Gather copies of all ATC voice and radar tapes.  Gather copies of local ATC policies and procedures.  Gather personnel and training records of local ATC personnel if involvement in the accident is suspected. Records Review (Cont.) • Human Factors Specialist –  Gather and analyze crew issues including medical records, schedule, crew rest, off-duty activities, nutrition, hydration, etc.  May involve interviews with family members to establish activities leading up to the aircraft.  Research previous work done on human-machine interface and ergonomics in the aircraft. • Weather Specialist – FAA requires special weather observation to be taken at the time of the accident. Gather this as well as weather forecast provided to the aircrew. Records Review (Cont.) • Survival Specialist –  Gather information from first responders and rescue personnel on condition and location of survivors, condition and location of casualties, and type and severity of injuries.  Gather emergency response procedures and established plans (E.g., Airport Emergency Plan)  Gather data “CREEP” data (covered in a later module)  Gather information from operator on assigned seat location for each individual on the aircraft, both crew and passengers. Records Analysis • Personnel records (crew and maintenance) –  Look for the obvious first: medical problems, training deficiencies, qualification issues, personal problems.  Analyze training received and adequacy of training for the job  Analyze currency of training  Make sure the people involved were trained, qualified, and current to be doing the job they were doing for both crew and maintenance  Make sure the people involved were capable of doing wha.

1. ASCI 615
Aviation/Aerospace Accident
Investigation and Analysis
Data Collection Part II
Overview
• Records Review
• Electronic Evidence
• Accident Photography
• Witness Interviews
Records Review
• Records are not as glamorous as wreckage, but may

2. tell a large part of the story. Personnel training and
qualification, aircraft maintenance and modification,
and company policies and procedures all help build a
picture of the operation prior to the accident
• Operations Specialist –
involved.
training procedures from the owner/operator.
Records Review (Cont.)
• Maintenance Specialists –
and overhaul
records.
involved with the
accident aircraft.
training.
outsourced
maintenance.
• Air Traffic Control Specialist –
opies of local ATC policies and procedures.

3. if
involvement in the accident is suspected.
Records Review (Cont.)
• Human Factors Specialist –
ing medical records,
schedule, crew rest, off-duty activities, nutrition, hydration,
etc.
activities leading up to the aircraft.
-machine interface
and ergonomics in the aircraft.
• Weather Specialist – FAA requires special weather
observation to be taken at the time of the accident.
Gather this as well as weather forecast provided to
the aircrew.
Records Review (Cont.)
• Survival Specialist –
personnel on condition and location of survivors, condition
and location of casualties, and type and severity of injuries.

4. plans (E.g., Airport Emergency Plan)
for each individual on the aircraft, both crew and
passengers.
Records Analysis
• Personnel records (crew and maintenance) –
deficiencies,
qualification issues, personal problems.
job
the people involved were trained, qualified, and
current to be doing the job they were doing for both crew and
maintenance
was
demanded of them
e needed. Get
trained aviation psychologist to do it
Records Analysis (Cont.)

5. • Operations and maintenance records –
programs, procedures, policies, compliance issues
the adequacy of policies and procedures involved in
operations and maintenance
OSHA and their findings
pany
Records Analysis (Cont.)
• Maintenance records –
ensure adequacy of maintenance and compliance with FAA
and company procedures
reports
records of the outside agency
Records Analysis (Cont.)

6. • Reviewing records is tedious, but it is essential.
• They paint a picture of conditions of man, machine,
and environment prior to the accident.
• Records are rarely pure.
quality of the records-
keeping system.
-ups are usually evident.
• Do not be afraid to ask for anything you think is
missing.
• Keep track of what you have read so when it becomes
important you can find it.
Electronic Evidence Basics
• Most widely known are Cockpit Voice Recorder and
Flight Data Recorder
• “Black Boxes” are really orange
• Computerization of aircraft has opened new sources
of data
• Flight director computers, flight control computers,
maintenance recorders, and others with non-volatile
memory may contain useful information

7. Electronic Evidence Basics (Cont.)
• Collect any computer cards, protect them from the
elements and from magnets, and send them to be
read at the laboratory
• Never open a CVR or FDR in the field. If submerged in
water, place in a water-tight container filled with the
same water.
• The NTSB labs can resurrect data from burned tape
and computer memory. Never throw out a computer
component or audio/video tape because it’s
damaged.
Flight Data Recorders
• Early recorders only tracked five
parameters. Used steel or
aluminum tape. Poor recording
quality and readout
• Digital Flight Data Recorders
(DFDR) track up to 300+
parameters. Newest technology
records with digital and microchip
technology. More accurate data
collection. Data points recorded
more frequently. Improved
recording quality and readout.
Flight Data Recorders (Cont.)

8. • Newer FDRs are tied into the Flight
Management System (FMS). They
record up to 25 hours of data on
non-volatile memory. New
construction methods make them
lighter and stronger.
• DFDR information can be used to
create a computer generated flight
recreation and in advanced
simulation
TWA 800 FDR Printout
Cockpit Voice Recorders
• Older recorders recorded on mylar
tape – 30 minute loop then
overwrote itself
• Cockpit area microphone picks up
all conversations and aircraft noises
in the cockpit
• Each crew position has a separate
channel that records all
radio/intercom transmissions.
Cockpit Voice Recorders (Cont.)
• Newer, solid state recorders will record up to two hours of

9. audio data before it writes over the communications. In
development are solid state recorders that also have video
storage capability.
• Restrictions on release – may not be used in legal or
certificate
actions. Transcripts not released until 90 days after the
accident or public hearing, whichever is first.
Cockpit Voice Recorders (Cont.)
• Cockpit cameras –
investigation.
would use them for disciplinary action rather than just for
accident investigation.
Air Traffic Control Recorders
• All air traffic control facilities record all radio transmissions
on
audio recorders
• Radar facilities record radar data from both primary and
secondary radars as well as audio
• Radio communications and time signals on the tapes allow

10. synchronization between ATC tapes and other recorded media
• Following an accident, ATC facilities change tapes to preserve
audio and radar information
• Important for the investigator to get copies of tapes along with
transcripts of audio
Air Traffic Control Recorders
• ATC tapes can confirm aircraft flight path, verify
communications recorded by the CVR, indicate erratic flying,
show converging aircraft or flight path conflicts, or show
when/where an aircraft disappeared from radar.
• ATC tapes, along with Flight Data Recorders may be used to
reconstruct aircraft flight path
• Limitations: primary radar affected by terrain and weather.
Slow sweep rates by older radars may limit effectiveness of
recording.
Uses of Electronic Evidence
• Just as computers are playing a larger part in aircraft
construction, they are also playing a greater role in accident
investigation.
• FDR data can be input to create a computer model of aircraft
flight leading up to and during an accident.
• Non-volatile memory cards from other computer systems such

11. as FMS can be used to verify the computer model.
• CVR data can assist in analyzing crew actions and though
processes.
Other Records
• ATC Records
• Aircraft Records
• Crew Records
• Weather
Accident Photography
• Photography is a necessary and
important tool in accident
investigation.
• Photography records facts:
at something is
• Photography will jog your
memory

12. • Photography is used in the
courtroom
Accident Photography Basics (Cont.)
• Photographs are not a substitute
for a well written report.
• Good photographs enhance the
story that is told in the report.
• Bad photographs confuse the
story.
• Photographs used in the report
must be well planned.
• Think about hiring a professional
photographer, this is not the time
for amateur hour
Accident Photography Basics (Cont.)
Photographic tendencies:
• Don’t take enough pictures –
miss the key piece of the puzzle
• Don’t have a plan – photos
taken at random or poorly
documented

13. • No frame of reference in the
pictures – don’t know the size
of what you’ve shot
• Enclose too many pictures in
report – try to use photos
without any explanation
Photographic Equipment
Digital versus film
• Digital is cheap and can be inserted
into the report easier. It can also be
manipulated easily.
• Film is more expensive and requires
more work to insert into the report.
Film is more difficult to “doctor” and
is more evident when it has been
doctored.
• Probably wise to use both. Shoot
digital pictures and backup anything
that might be important with 35 mm
film. That way you have negatives to
use in court to backup your
testimony.
Famous fake digital photo. Portion of
photo of 747 used in test of explosion
in baggage compartment added to
photo of landing 747. Circulated
through the Internet as original photo.
Done by someone well versed in photo

14. manipulation.
Photographic Equipment (Cont.)
Color versus black and white
• Cost difference between the
two no longer a factor.
• Color should be used where
required to show paint
transfer, fluid colors, burn
patterns, paint discolorations,
medical evidence, color coded
instruments, etc.
• Black and white can be used to
document contrasts.
Color shows burn pattern
B&W shows contrast
Photographic Equipment (Cont.)
• Video versus still - Video cannot be put into a printed report,
but it can be used effectively to show the overall wreckage
distribution. Overhead video can be used to distinguish
between aircraft path and rescue vehicle path.
• Make sure you understand your equipment before you need
it. You usually only get one opportunity to photograph things.

15. That’s not the time to be learning to use your camera.
• Keep a log of every picture you take.
Photographic Equipment (Cont.)
• Camera:
35 mm single lens reflex
• Tripod – Effective for photos in low light and for photos
where
the investigator must hold up a part or hold up a reference
marker.
• Flash attachment – For low light conditions and to fill in
shadows in daylight.
Accident Photography
• Arrive at scene as soon as possible – the sooner
you’re there, the less the scene will be contaminated
• Determine specific sequence to shoot – have a plan
and shoot your plan
• Start from big to small
scene to give perspective to the accident

16. nce shots connect overviews and close ups
Accident Photography
• Record position of wreck before it’s moved – need
close-ups to document damage, but longer range
shots to show wreckage position
• Record position of switches and flight controls and
instrument readings before they are moved
• Distinguish between accident damage and
rescue/firefighting damage
• Photograph scrapes, ground impact marks, paint
transfers, and fire/soot marks
• Document every photo taken, where it was taken,
and what the object of the photo was
Accident Photography (Cont.)
Other sources of photographs:
• Press – the media will arrive on scene quickly, with cameras
rolling. They can document rescue/ firefighting efforts and
damage. Usually are willing to cooperate with investigators
• Emergency teams – often they document their efforts with
onboard video cameras in fire trucks and police cars

17. • Passengers – digital cameras on cell phones and passengers
on vacation with cameras can yield photos of conditions
prior to the accident
• Witnesses – noise, smoke, lights, etc. attract attention and
availability of cameras makes accident photos likely
Let the pictures tell their story
Witness Rules of Thumb
• Witnesses may help or hinder
• Eye witnesses may offer conflicting testimony
• Some witnesses say what they think they’re expected to
say
• If witnesses get the chance to discuss their separate
stories, they may include what others saw into what they
saw
• The longer it’s been since the accident, the less the
witnesses remember
• Plan your interview so you know what you expect to
obtain from each witness
Types of Witnesses
• Participants – aircrew, passengers, maintainers – May be in

18. shock initially. Some are reluctant to talk. Some want to
tell everything they know. Trauma can lead to repressed
memory.
• Eye witnesses – People who saw something or think they
did.
• Experienced witnesses – People with a technical
knowledge of what they saw. Often will provide analysis in
addition to information.
• Technical witnesses – People with technical knowledge of
the aircraft involved.
• Legal expert witnesses – Hired guns used in court to
validate data.
Locating Witnesses
• Airline personnel – dispatcher, aircrew, cargo handlers,
anyone who may have been able to see
• Rescuers – fire, medical, HAZMAT
• Law enforcement – can collect names and addresses of
witnesses at the scene
• News media – video footage of the scene can be used to
spot witnesses, but they must be identified
• Spectators – not most reliable witnesses, may not have
seen anything, but want to tell what they’ve heard
• Advertising – least reliable way to locate witnesses

19. Witness Interview Techniques
• Plan a location for the interview where the witness will be
comfortable. The location can be a major factor in the
witness’ attitude.
• Introduce yourself to the witness, tell him/her your
mission and who you work for
• Bring a list of questions to ask, note pad, pencils, maps,
tape recorder, and model of the aircraft
• Get permission from the witness to use the tape recorder
before you start recording and again on tape
Witness Interview Techniques (Cont.)
• Put the witness at ease and if possible remove all
distractions
• Establish where the witness was in relation to the crash in
order to establish the witness’ perspective in relation to
the accident
• Establish witness’ background to establish witness
knowledge of aviation and credibility
• Be patient with the witness and do not argue. If you
contradict the witness, he/she may change testimony to fit
what they think you want to hear

20. Witness Interview Techniques (Cont.)
• First question: “What did you see?” Allows the witness to
lead the interview rather than being led
• Let the witness tell the story without interrupting. Shows
the witness you want to listen
• Let witness hold the aircraft model and move it to simulate
what was seen
• Only make notes if absolutely necessary. Note taking may
make witness think what was just said was important and
may try to embellish it
Witness Interview Techniques (Cont.)
• After witness tells the story, play back tape and ask
questions for clarification of individual points
• Go through witness statement again
• Give witness a point of contact for contacting you later if
more is remembered
• Thank the witness
Witnesses
• Witness testimony is not evidence.
• Use the testimony to corroborate what the evidence tells

21. you. If they disagree, believe the evidence
• What we observe we try to fit into our personal frame of
reference, to make it make sense to us
• Not all witnesses can put what they saw into words due to
experience, intelligence, or physical limitations
Summary
• Records collection and analysis is a tedious process, but if
done properly can build a picture of an individual, aircraft,
and organization and the corporate culture prior to the
accident
• Electronic evidence is providing more information to
investigators than ever before
• You can never have too many photographs.
• Witnesses can be your best friend or worst enemy in an
investigation. Use them to back up physical evidence. If
they disagree, believe the evidence
G(JY DE MAUPASSANT The Jewelry 6S5
"She won't leav(' me alom•~-yoi, won't foavc me alone." Norma
Jean seems to 1ss
be crying, bul she is looking away from him. "I foci ctghlc..'en
again. I can't face
that all over again." She starts walking away. "No, iL wasn't

22. fine. I don't know
what J'm saying. Forget 'll."
L<>.roy takes a lungful of smok<~ and closes his cy<1s as
Norma Jeans words sink
in. He tries Lo focus on t.hc fact that thirty-five hundred
soldiers died on the
grounds around him. I le CJ.in only think of that war as a board
game wllh plasUc
soldiers. Leroy almost smHes1 as he compares the Confcdc·mt-
es' daring attack on
the Union camps and Virgtl Mathis's raid on the hm.~ling aHey.
General Grant,
drunk and furious, shoved the Southerners back lo Corinth,
where Mabel and
Jet Beasley were married years lat<.'r, when Mabd was still thin
and p,oo<l-looklng.
TI1e next day, Mabel and Jet v1sltcd the battlegrou nd, arid
Lhcn Norma Jean was
born, and lhcn she married Leroy and they had a baby,, which
they lost, a nd now
Leroy and Norma Jean are here at the sam(' battleground. Leroy
knows he Is
lcavtng out a lot I le Is leaving out the Insides of hlsi.ory. I
listory was alv,·ays Just
names and dates Lo him. It occurs Lo him thaL bu;Jd tng a
hou$e out of logs is
similarly empty-too simple. And the real inner workings of a
marriage, like
most of history, have es('.aped him. Now he sees thal bulldtni:i,
a log house ls th<.~
dumbest idea he could have had. 1t was clumsy of hlm to think
Norma Jean
would want a log house. IL was a crazy idea. I lc' ll have to
think of somet hing
else, quickly. He w1l1 wad the blucprlnls I nlo light balls ,and

23. Ill ng them inlo the
lake. Then hell get moving again. I le opens his <.~yes. Norma
Jean has moved
away and is walking through the cemetery, following a
serp<:~nt'lnc t,rick path.
Leroy gets up Lo follow his wife, but his good k-g js asleep 3ml
his bad leg sti ll
hurts him. Norma Jean is fa r away, walking rnpidly loward the
bluff by t.hc river,
and he tries to hobble toward her. Some children run past fl1 rn
, scn~amlnj!; nois-
ily. Norma Jean has reached the bluff, and she is lopki ng out
over tht~ Tcnn('ssoo
H1ver. Now she turns toward Leroy and waves her arms. Is she
bcckonln~ lo
him? She seems to be doing an exercise for her chest musdes.
Tht~ sky 1s, u11usu~ '
ally pale- the color of the dust ruffle Mahd made for their bed.
GU Y 0£ MAUPASSANT
(1850 - 93)
The Jewelry1
1982
Born I fonri Bene Albert in Nonnanq.y, l;ran-ce, Mau-
passant was expelled at sixlecin from a Houcn semi-
nar)' and linlshr.d his <!ducation at a public.' high
!Khoo I. Af tcr serving in the I ;mnco-Prussian War, he
workt<l as ~• ~OV·Crtuncnt clerk in Paris fur ten years.
, , ~ pr<>IC$;!C of Flaubert , lw puhlisheJ durin~ 11,c J~80s
some Lhroc hundred ~tm·ics, hair a doi m, novcit~, i1nd pl11ys.
·n,e shor1 stories, which

24. appcarccl rcgu[arly in p(;pu'lar pc ricxlkals, ~arnpled military a
n<l peasant life, the
clt'.t·mlt·nl world or pol11 k-1, und joumaH:.m, prn,.lif utinn,
the su[>irnatural, an<l tlw hypc.x·-
I. 'lrun,;lal<:d l~y l.11frJ1r.liu I lr~m.
6S6 HF.: AOING MORl•: l~.ICTION
risies of solid citizens; with Chekhov, Maupas.,c;anl may be
sai<l 10 have creat~ the mod·
em short story. I· lis life ended somewhat. like one of his <>'wn
storic.~: 11,e died or syphilis
in .an asylum. His novels include Une Vw {A l .ife, 1883), Hd
Anii (Handsome Fr;end,
1885), and Piern! et ]ea•1 (1888).
H avtng met the gtrl one evening, at the house of the
oHicc"supcrlntcnd<.~nL, M. Lantin became enveloped in love
as in a ncL
She was the daughter of a country•tulor, who ha<l been dead for
several years.
Afterward she had come to Paris wlth her mother, who made
regular vls1t.s to
several bourgeois families of the neighborhood, in hopes of
being able to get her
daughter married. They were poor and respect.able, <1u~et and
gentle. The younp;
girl seemed to be the very ideal of lhat pure good woman to
whom every younF,
man dreams of entrusung hJs fut urc. [ lcr mockst h<>aul y had
a charm of angclk
shyness; and the slight smile that always dwdt about lwr lips

25. sc·cmcd a rcn~c-
t1on of her heart.
Everybody sang her praises; all who knt~w her kept saying:
'"l11e man who .,
gets her will be lucky. No one could find .a nicer girl than
(h;i.t."l
M. Lantin, who was then chief cle!rk in Lhc office of lhc Mi
nister of the lnte-
rlor, with a salary of 3,500 francs a year/ demanded her hand,
and married her.
5 He was unutterably happy wJth her. She ruled h~s home with
an economy so
adroit that they really seemed lo live in luxury. lt would be
impossible to con-
ceive of any atte ntions, tcn<lcrncsscs, playful l:arcsses which
she <lid not lavish
upon her husband; and such was the charm of her per!.on thHt,
six years aft.t~r he
married her, he loved her even more than he did lh<.~ first day.
There were only two poinls upon which he ever found fault with
her- her
love of the theater, and her passion for false Jt•wclry.
lier lady-friends (she was acquainted with the wtws of
St.>Vl~ral small ofl1cc
holders) were alwa)'S bringing her tickets for the theaters;
whenever there was a
performance that made a sensation, she always had her lvge
sccurc.·d, cv<."n for
first performances; and she would dmg h<'r husband wtth her to
all thes<.~ enter•
Lainments, which us0d to tire him horrihly after his <lay's

26. work. So al last he
begged her Lo go lo the lhcatcr with some lady-acquaintances
who would con-
sent lo see her home afterward . She refused for quue a whllc-
lhlnktng il would
not look very well to go out thus urrnccompank<l by her
husband. But Hnally sJ1t~
yielded1 ju.s't to please him ; and he felt inrinilcly j?_ralef ul lo
her Lhc•reforc.
Now this passion fot th<.• tli<.'atcr at lasl cvoke<l 1n her the
desire of dress. It
was true that her tollell<' fl~m~ilnc.~d ~lmpk always In good
taste, but modest;
and her swool gr~tcc li er irrcslsul,lc p,n•c~ ev()r smiling and
shy. seemed to take
rrush charm from the simpikily ofl,hcr robes. Hut she gol into
the habit of sus-
pending In h<.~r rm•tty cars two bl~ t~ul pebhles, fashioned In
tmltaUun of dla-
monds; and shi~ wore rwcklnces ol' false p<•arls, bmcclets of
false p,o1<l, and
huircombs studded with pastc>-imih1lions o[ precious stones.
} lcr husband, who [dt sbo<:ked hy this love of tinsel Hn<l
show, ,vould often
say- "'My dear, when orw has not lhe rrwa ns lo afford real
J<'wr lry, one should
2. Midlevd hure:iucr.alic V.'3~, (>t.'Th:tps :tl10ut $30,000 tu
$40,000 tci<ia)'·
GUY OF. MAU PAS SANT The Jewalry 657

27. appear adorned with one's natuml beauty and grace only,--.. and
these ,glfts arc
the rarest of jewels."
But she would smile sweetly and answer: "What docs il maltcr?
I like those ,o
things-that ls my little whim. I know you Hre rJ~hl; but one
can't mak<· oneself
over aga.tn. I've always loved Jewelry so mucht
And then she would roll Lhc pearls of the ncck,aces between her
fingers, and
make the facets of the cut crystals flash in the hght1
rep<."ating: "Now look at
them-see how well the work Is done. You woukl swenr it was
real Jewelry."
He would then smile in his turn, and dcckm.~ Lr;> heir~ "You
have the tast(~s of
a regular Gypsy."
Sometimes, in the evening, when they w<.~rc having a chal by
lhc tire, stw
would rise and fetch the morocco box ln which sh<! kept !wr
"stock" (as M. I .an•
tin called it)- would put it on the Lea-table, a nd begin lo
C'.xaminc the false
jewelry with passionate delight, as 1f sh<' experienced some
secrd and mysl<~ri •
ous sensations of pleasure In their conwmplat.iont and she
would Insist on put~
ling one of the necklaces round her husband's ~eek, and .augh
UH shC' couldn't
laugh any more, crying oul: "Oh! how fun ny you look!" Then
she would rush
into his arms, and ktss him furiously.

28. One w1•nter's nfght, after she had bc.~cn to l'he Opt•ra, she
came honw ,:hilk·d
through, and trembling. Next day she had a bad cough. Ei~ht
days after that,
she dJed of pneumonia.
Lantln was very nearly following her lnlo the tomb. l·lis
<k·spalr was so fright~ •~
fu1 that in one single month his hajr turn<-?<! white. I h! wept
from mornfng till
night, feeling his heart Lorn by inexpressible suffering- ever
haunted by the
memory of her, by the smile, by lhe voice, by all Lhc churrn of
the dead woman.
Time did not assuage his grief. Of u~n du rlng office houl'$ his
fcllow ~derks
went off Lo a corner lo chat about this or that topic of the day-
his cheeks
might have O<X~n sren to swell up all of a sudden, ht.s nos<>
wrinkle, his eyes fiJI
wll.h water- he wou ld pull a fr1,ghtful face, and b<~gln to sob.
Uc had kept his de~d companion's room Ju.sL in the ordN she
had loft ll,
and he usc.?d to lock himsl'lf up in 'il every evening to think
about her- all the
furniture, anti even all hc•r dresses, remtdne<l tn the same
place~ they had b<..'t'n
on the last day of her II f'c.•.
But lil'c becnmc hard for him. Mis salury, which, in his wile's
hands, had
amply sufficed .for all household nl'OOs, now proved scarcely
suffident to supply

29. bls own few wanls. And lw asked himself tn astonishment how
she had man-
aged alw.ays lo furn fsh him wuh (ixcdlcnl wines and wtth
dellcat.<! caUng which
he could not now afford at nll with his scanty means.
He.· got a lluk• lnlo debt, likl· men oblt~ed to live by their
wUs. At last one
rniornlng that ht~ happenl~d to rind hhnsdf without a cent .In
his pocket. and a
whole week lo wait before he could drnw his monlhly salary, he
thought of sell-
ing, something,; and almost lmmc.,-dtuldy It ol'currcd to him to
sell his ·wifc·s
"stock"- for he had always borne a secret grudge ajl;atnsl tlw
Oash•Jcw~!lry that
used to annoy him so much in forml?r days. The mere sight of
it, -day afLer day,
somewhat sporled the sad pleasure of thinking of his darling.
He tried a long time to make a choice among the heap of t
rinkets she ha<l lcft 20
behind her- for up to the very last day of her life she had kcpl
obstinately buy-
ing Lhcm , bringing home some new thing almost every night-
and finally he
tS8 REAOJNG MORE FICTION
resolved to take the big pearl necklace which sht" us<.'d 10
filkc the best of aJI,
and which he thought ought ccrlai nly Lo be worth six or ci~hl
francs, as il was
really very nicely mounted for an imitation ncckfocc.

30. He put it in his pocket, and walked toward the office, foUowlng
the boule-
vards, and looktng for some Jewcfry~slore on tlw way, wfl<'rc
he couJd <-mlcr wtdl
confidence.
Finally he saw a place and went Jn; fodtng a ltu]e ashamed of
thus exposing
his mJseJY, and of trying to sell such a trfOing object.
11
"Sir," he said to the jeweler, "picas~ tell me what this is worth.
The jeweler took Lhc necklace, examined it, weighed il, look up
a magnifying
glass, called his derk, talked to him in whispers, pul down the
nt!tklac<• on th<·
counter, and drew back a little bu to Judge of its cffoct Hl a
dtstance.
25 M. Lantin, feeling very much embarrassed by nil these
ceremonies, op<>ncd
his mouth and began to dedarc-"Oh! J know It cun
1
t be worth much" . ..
when the jeweler I nterruptcd him sayln~r
"Well, sir, that is worth between twelve' and rifttwn Lhousand
francs; but I
cannot buy it unless you can let me know exactly how you came
by it.''
The widower's eyes opened cn.ormous.ly, :md he stoou iapln~

31. unabk· to
understand. Then after a while h,~ swmmcred oul ; "You said?
... Arc you sun.,?"
The jeweler, misconstruing the cause of this astonishment,
r<'plicd in a dry
lone- "Go elsewhere If you like, and sec lf you can gel any
mor<· for IL TJw VNY
most I would give for It Is fifteen thousand. Come.• back and
stx~ mti a~tn, If you
can't do better."
M . Lanlin, feeling perfectly idiotic, look his necklace and
departed; obeying
a confused desire to fin<l himself alone and lo ~et a chance to
think.
But 1hc moment he found himself In 1hc strc<'t again, fw began
to laugh, and
he mullc rcd lo himself: "The fool!-oh! what a fool; If I had
only ta ken h im at
his word. Well, well!- a jt'wcler who can't tdl paste from .real
Jewdry!"
10 And he cnLN<xl anoth<.~r Jewelry-store, at the conwr of
Lfw Bu(' d(• la Pafx.
The moment the j<'wdc•r set eyes on the necklace he exa
mtn<•d- ~I lcllo! I
know that necklace well- it was sold herd"
M. LanU n, very n<•rvous, asked:
''What's It worth?"
"Sir, I sold it for t wcnl y-rivc thousand francs. I am willing Lo
buy il back
again for dghtl'cn thousand- If you can prove to me
satisfactorily, accorcfln~ to

32. l('gal pr('sclpllons, how you crtm<' Into posS<.•~lon of lt."-
Thts time, M. Lantln
was simply parnly:t<.'<I wllh astonlshmPnl . '1(? s~11d: "" 'di
... but please look .tl it
agajn, sir. J always thou~ht until now that it was ... was false• ."
Th<' Jewel<.'r salt!:
:1s "./1II you give nw your na,n(', sir?"
"Certainly. M)' name is l..antin; 1 am employed al the office of
the Minister
of !he Jnterlor. I liV<' at No. 16, Hue des Martyrs."
f11e merchant opcn<><l the r<'glster, looked, and s.-11d: ''Yes;
Lhls necklace was
sent lo the addn~ss of' Madame Lanlln, 16 Hue des Marl)'rs, on
July 20th, 1876 ."
And the two men looked into each other's eyes- the clerk wild
with sur-
prise; the Jeweler suspecting he had a thief before him.
The Je weler resumed:
·GUY DI~ MA'VPASSANT The Jewelry ht;9
"MU you be kind enough to leave this artldc heie for
twentyrfour hours .io
only-I'll gi1e you a rc.Cc1pt." · 1 •
M. LanUn stuttered: "Yes - ah! certainly." And he went out
folding up . the
recelpl 1 which he put j n his pocket. .

33. 'Ilwn he crossed the street, went the wrong way, found oul his
mistake,
returned by way of the Tuilcrtcs, crossed the, Seine foancl out
he had taken the
wrong road again, and went back tu the Champs-f1lysees
without being alJle to
get one clear ldea inlo his head. I le tr1ed to r~tSOtl, to
understand. Jlts wtfo
could never have bought so valuable an ohjc~l as that. Cer"4-
iinly nroL But 11,.hcn,
it must have been a present! . . . A present from whom? Whal
for?
He slopped and stood stock•sllll in the middle of the avt~rmc.
A horrible suspicion swept across his mJnd .. •I· 8fw7 . .. But
then a 11 those
other pieces of jewelry must have been presents also,! . . , Then
it. seemed Lo
htm that the ground was heaving under his feet~ thal a tree,
right In front of
him, was faJllng toward him; he thrust oui h~s arms
lnsUncUvely, and foll
senseless.
He recovered his consciousness again in a drug-store lo '"'hich
some bysLand- 4 'i
ers had carried him. He had them leHd hirfil bomc, fl,r~d he
lot:kcJ himself Into
his room.
Until nightfall he cried without sloppi~g, biting his
handkerchief lo keep
himself from screaming out. Then, complctdy ,.vo:rn out with
grid a"'d fatigue,
he went to bed. and slept a Jcadcn sleep ..

34. A ray of sunshine awakened him> and he rose and dressed
himself slowly lo
go to the office. It was hard to have Lo work af Lcr such n
shock. Then he refl<·clc-d
that he mtght be ab]e to excuse hlmscU to the superintt~ndenE,
and he wrote to
htm. Then he remembered he would have to go back to tht•
jew<.'llit's; and shame
made his face purple. I-le remained thinking a long limo. Still
he could nol
leave the necklave there; he put on his eoal anu W<.'nt out
It was a fine <lay; the sky extended al l blue ovc!r the dty. an<l
~er.~med to make
it smile. Stroffors were walkinR aimfossty about, with th~ir
hands in their
pockets.
LanUn thought as he watched them passing: ca l fow lucky the
men are who
have fortunes! i/Uh money a man can rv<.~n shake ofr grJcf--
you t:an go where
you please-.;-travcl- amuse yoursdf! Oh! if I were only rkhr'
He suddenl.y <llscovcrit-<l hl' was huniry- nol having eulen
anything s1nce so
the <.wenlng hdo~. Out his pockets wert~ empty; and he
remembered tlw neck-
lace. Etghto<'o lhou$and francs! Hl~ll(ien thousand f mncs!-
lhat was a sum-
that was!
I l e made Ids way lo the• Hue de Ju Paix and L>ewin to walk
backward and for-
ward on thti stllewal~ ln 1 fronl of 1he st.ore. Eighteen

35. t.housand francs! ·n"'·ent y
Limes he started lo go in; hut shame ah•vays kept him back.
Still he was hu,n~ry- very hungry- mad had nut a cent. He made
one
brusque n.~solve, and crossed the stre:t.·t almost at a run, so os
.not to let himself
have time lo think over the matter; .and he rushed lnlo the
jcwdt.!r's.
As soon as he SiJW him , the merchant hurried forward, a nd
offere d him a
chair with smiling politeness. Ev<.'n the dcrks came forwa rd to
stare at Lanlln,
with gaiety In their ey~.s and smiles about t.hdr lips.
660 READING MOHE FICTION
The Jeweler satd: ··sir, I made Inquiries; and If you arc still so
disposed, .I am
ready to pay you down Lhe price> r offered you.'' ,
55 The clerk slammercd: '"Vlhy, yes-sir, certainly."
The J<.~wdcr took from a drawer eighLccn hi~ btlls,1 cOLmtcd
them. and held
them out to Lantln, who signed a l111lc receipt., and t.hmst
tll<~ money feverishly
inlo his pocket.
Then, as he was on the poi nt of leaving., he t um<•<l to lhe
ever-smiling merM
chant. and said, lowering his eyes: "I lJHVC some uu- 1 luwe
some other Jewdry,

36. which came lo me in the same--from the ~'un ci ~n hcritance.
,Vou1d you pur-
chase them also from me?''
The men.~hant bowed, and answered: 44 Why, cerlalnly, slr-
cert.ainly . . . .''
One of the clerks rushed oul to laugh at l11s eas<; ~nolher
kepi' blowing his nose
as hard as he could.
Lant1n, impassive, flushed and serious, said: "l wdl hr-Ing them
lo you."
60 And he hired a cab lo get the jewd ry.
When he returned to the store, an hour lalcr, ho h .. 1d not )'(?t
hrcakfastecl.
They examined the jewclr)r-piccc by piece- pull ing a •.ialue on
each. Nearly
all had been purchased from thal very house.
Lanun. now, disputed esumal.cs made, iPl angry. Insisted on
$ee1n~ the
books, and talked louder and louder the higher t he cslimatcs
gr~·.
The big diamond earrings were worth 20,000 frnncs; the
bmcclets, 35,000;
the brooches, rJngs and mcda11Jons, 16,000; a set of emeralds
and sapphire.~'>,
14,000; solitaire, suspended lo a gold nnckcha in, 40,000; th<'
iotal valm~ h(~in~
estimated at 196,000 francs.
The merchant observed with mlschicvuus 1?.ood nat u I"<.' : "'I
'he person who
owned these must have put all her savings Into Jt.!wdry.''

37. 6i LanLin answered with gravily: .. Perhaps thal is as good a
way of saving money
as any other." And he went off, after havin!?. agreed with the
merchant that an
expert should mak(~ a counlcr•esUmatc for him the next <lay.
When he found himself in lhc street again, he looked al the
Column
Vcnd6me4 wilh the desire Lo climb il, as if it wcro a May pole.
I le fdt jolly enough
to play leapfrog 01er the EmJ){?ror's head up I hew In the
blul~ sky.
He breakfasted at Voisin'sc; restaurant, and orden~ win<• at 20
francs a
bottle?.
Tht•n h~~ h~red a cab 1rnd drove oul lo the Bols.6 He looked at
lhc.· l'arrlu~t'S
passln~ with a sort of ~ontcmpl. and a wild dt.?Slr<> to ydl out
to the passcrs•by:
"I am rich, ton- I am! i hav(1 200,000 fmncs!"
The recolJC'ctjon of thl' ofHcc suddenly CJJme back lo him. l le
drove there,
walked right tnlQ lht~ supt~rro~lmden t's prlvah.• room. and
said: ''Sir, I come to
give you my f(~si~rrnUon. I havt~ Just come 1nto a fo rtune of
diree hundred thou -
sand francs." Then hci shook hands all round with his follow-
clerks; nnd told
them an ahoul hls plans for i• new l'-clrt.~l'r. Th<.'n he wenl to
dinner at th e- Cafe
Anglals.

38. :3 . Fr<!nch. p:rper money y11 r it":li in 11i:r:c; th1.• larger the
bill, the la rger the denomination.
4. Fumoui; culunm with 11 sCulm• of Lia(• emperor Nn1ml<-un
ut. d,c rot'·
5. Lik~ the- Cuf~ A11ilai$ bclvw, "~di-known 1md high•ptkcd
re~taurunt.
6. I .arJ:C' P:rrisi.1n p.:arlc wh(!ft' the rwh look thi..-ir outint:s,
4.6 - Lab Activity: Witness Interviews
In this module, referring to the resources provided in 4.2 and
4.3,. Considering your readings and experience with the crash
lab interviews, prepare a 500-750 word assessment of the
benefits and pitfalls of witness interviews. Answer the
following questions and cite any examples:
1. What is the purpose and importance of witness interviews?
2. Why is it important to understand the roles of the witness?
3. What factors can affect witness reporting?
4. Can the techniques employed vary? If so, how/why can they
vary?