Poxviruses
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Poxviruses
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Family Poxviridae • Subfamily – Chordopoxvirinae - Entomopoxvirinae
- 4. CHORDOPOXVIRINAE • Orthopox virus – Variola, Vaccinia - Cowpox, Monkeypox, Rabbitpox, Buffalopox - Camelpox, Mousepox • Parapox virus - orf, Paravaccinia (Ungulates) • Capripox virus – Sheep pox, Goat pox (Lumpy Skin disease) • Leporipox virus – Myxoma & Fibroma (rabbits, hares, squirerels) • Avipox virus - Fowl pox, Turkey pox, Pigeon pox, Canarypox virus • Suipox virus - Swinepox
- 5. HOOVES
- 6. UNCLASSIFIED VIRUSES • Molluscum Contagiosum virus • Tanapox • Yaba pox virus
- 7. VARIOLA VIRUS • Small Pox • Global eradication of Smallpox – 8th May 1980 • Variola major – Classical smallpox • Variola minor – Alastrim
- 8. Vaccinia virus • Smallpox virus • Artificial virus • Vector for the development of recombinant vaccines • Genome can accommodate 25,000 base pairs • Not a suitable vector for humans
- 10. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES • Viable for months at room temperature • Susceptible – UV light, Formalin • Resistant - 50 % Glycerol, 1% Phenol, Ether • Enzymes ++ • Multiplication - Cytoplasm
- 11. ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE • Immunodiffusion – 20 antigens • Nucleoprotein antigen • LS antigen • Agglutinogen • Hemagglutinin
- 12. CULTIVATION AND HOST RANGE • Chick Embryo • Tissue culture • Animals
- 13. CHICK EMBRYO Vaccinia Pocks Variola Pocks
- 14. CEILING TEMPERATURE • Vaccinia – 41˚C • Variola major – 38˚ C • Variola minor – 37.5˚ C
- 15. TISSUE CULTURE • Monkey kidney, HeLa & Chick embryo cell lines • Vaccinia – Cytopathic effects (24 – 48 hours) - Plaque (Chick embryo) • Guarnieri bodies – eosinophilic inclusion bodies
- 17. ANIMAL INOCULATION • Vaccinia virus – Monkeys, Calves, Sheep & Rabbits • Variola virus – Keratitis - Guarnieri bodies
- 18. SMALL POX • No reservoir & carrier stage • Source – Patients • Route of spread – Inhalation • Incubation period – 12 days • Enanthems – Buccal mucosa • Exanthems – Skin lesions (Haemorrhagic, Flat, Ordinary or Modified) • Macule – Papule – Vesicle – Pustule - Scabbing
- 19. Haemorrhagic Exanthem Flat Exanthem
- 20. Ordinary Exanthem Modified Exanthem
- 23. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS • Sample – Fluid from eruptive lesions - Blood • Antigen detection, Isolation of virus • Electron Microscopy • Paschen bodies
- 25. MONKEY POX • Copenhagen (1948) • Host – Rodents, Monkeys • Zaire (1970) • More common in Central & West Africa • Fatality rate : 5 – 10% • Outbreak in Wisconsin, USA (2003) – 11 Humans + Prairie dogs
- 26. BUFFALOPOX • India (1934) • Epizootics • Lesions on hands
- 27. COWPOX • Lesions - Udders & teats • Milking • Human lesions – Hands & Fingers - Fever & Constitutional symptoms • CAM, Rabbit skin – Haemorrhagic lesions • Restriction endonuclease mapping • Europe • Primary host –Wild Rodents or Cats
- 28. Milker’s Node • Paravaccinia virus • Lesions – small ulcerating nodules • Chick embryo – No growth • Bovine kidney cultures • Resembles orf virus morphologically
- 29. Orf virus • Sheep & Goats • Contagious Pustular Dermatitis • Single papulovesicular lesion with a central ulcer • Hands, forearm or face • Unrelated to Variola – vaccinia group
- 30. TANAPOX • Single pock like lesion on the upper part of the body • Antigenically unrelated to Poxviruses • Embryonated egg – No growth • Human & Monkey tissue cultures • Animal inoculation - Monkeys • Zaire
- 32. MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM • Sexually transmitted disease • Pink or pearly white wart like nodules on the skin • Molluscum bodies – large eosinophilic hyaline inclusion bodies • Virus cannot be grown in eggs, tissue culture or animals
- 35. THANK U THANK U