presentation skills i

1. Course – MCA
Subject – English Communication and Life Skills
Unit – 5
Presentation Skills

2. Meaning of self introduction :
• Self Introduction means when we tell people
about ourselves.
• Self-introduction is when you tell people who
you are, what you do, what your interests are,
where you are from, etc.
• Our Self Introduction can create a good first
impression on others.
• Self Introduction is telling about you to an
audience, interviewer, reader, etc.
• It is a formal presentation of one person to
another or others.

3. • Definition: The act of
introducing or the
state of being
introduced is called
Self Introduction.
• Self Introduction is
essential (important) in
business, academic
and social world.
• If we can give an
impressive Self
Introduction, it helps
us in our personal and
professional life.`

4. Meaning of self image:
• Self Image: We define Self Image as the idea,
conception, or mental image one has of oneself.
• Self Image is how you perceive yourself.
• It is the way a person feels about his or her
personality, achievements and value to society.
• Your self-image can be very different from how
the world sees you. Some people who outwardly
seem to have it all (intelligence, looks, personal
and financial success) may have a bad self-image.
Conversely, others who have had a very difficult
life and multiple hardships may also have a very
positive self-image.

5. • Self-image may consist of three types:
1.Self-image resulting from how the individual
sees himself or herself.
2.Self-image resulting from how others see the
individual.
3.Self-image resulting from how the individual
perceives (understand and identify) others see
him or her.

6. Master the art of introducing yourself
• By keeping the below given points in mind, we can master
the art of introducing ourselves:
1) For giving a good self introduction, having positive self
image/concept is essential.
2) We should be confident.
3) We should understand that there is nothing to be scared
about.
4) Greeting should be friendly and polite.
5) Self Introduction should be brief; unless we are asked to
elaborate.
6) Remember the line between confidence and over
confidence, friendly and over friendly, never cross that
line.

7. 7) You should present
yourself as a modest
and intellectual person.
8) Learn to be a good
listener.
9) Practice and try to start
a conversation. Learn
to break the ice
smartly.
10)Speak clearly.

8. Self Definition:
• Self definition is being able to know who you are and what
your purpose is in life.
• An example of self definition is when you know you are a
strong, capable, confident teacher and daughter.
• It is the understanding or determination of one's own nature
or basic qualities
• Never ever forget that no one but you can define you,
because you're unique.
• Be honest to yourself and not mean by saying or giving a
negative Self Definition.
• Don’t compare yourself to others.
• Self Definition is about describing yourself in one sentence.

9. Types of self introduction
• Self Introduction gives us an opportunity to create a
positive and long lasting first impression.
• Depending on the situation one has to decide how
his/her Self Introduction should be.
• The different types of Self Introduction are:
1)Self Introduction in a speech
2)Self Introduction is an essay
3)Self Introduction for public/event
4)Self Introduction for an interview
5)Self Introduction for business purpose – Elevator
Speech
6)Self Introduction while introducing others
7)Self Introduction for classroom

10. Self Introduction for classroom
• Read aloud:
My name is Priyanka Patel.
I come from Mehsana. OR I am from Mehsana.
OR I belong to Mehsana.
There are four members in my family, my parents
and my younger/elder brother/sister.
I am pursuing MBA, I am in the first year,
Semester I.
My ambition is to become a successful business
woman/Chartered Accountant.

11. Self Introduction in a speech
• Greeting:
• Good morning/afternoon sir/ma’am, and all
my dear friends.
• Today I am here to tell you about Myself. OR I
would like to introduce myself.
• My name is Pooja Patel.
• I come from Palanpur. OR I am from Palanpur.
OR I belong to Palanpur.
• There are four members in my family including
me. My father is a farmer. My mother is a
house wife. My younger brother is a student.

12. • My hobby is listening to the music. OR
My hobbies are watching TV and surfing. OR In my
free time I like to play games on the computer.
• My strength is my family/ I am good at drawing/
hardworking.
• My weakness is my health/ I cannot speak fluent
English/ I am lazy / I am emotional.
• My ambition is to complete MBA and join a good
company/ become a teacher/journalist.

13. BASIC QUESTIONS TO ANSWER (VIVA)
• What is your name?
Ans: My name is Pooja Patel.
• Where are you from?
Ans: I am from Ahmedabad.
• What is your hobby?
Ans: My hobby is watching movies.
• What are you doing now?
Ans: I am (I’m) pursuing MBA, I am in the first semester.
• Tell me something about your family.
Ans: There are four members in my family. My father is a
farmer. My mother is a house wife. My younger brother is a
student.

14. • What is your ambition?
Ans: My ambition is to speak fluent English.
• What is your strength?
Ans: My strength is my confidence.
• What is your weakness?
Ans: My weakness is I trust people easily.
• Where are you studying?
Ans: I am (I’m) studying at Rai University Gujarat.
• How old are you?
Ans: I am (I’m) eighteen years old.
• When is your birthday?
Ans: My birthday falls on 12th January.

15. Self Introduction for business purpose – Elevator
Speech
• An Elevator Pitch, Elevator Speech, or Elevator
Statement is a short summary used to quickly and
simply define a person, profession, product, service,
organization or event. – Definition.
• The name "Elevator Pitch" reflects the idea that it
should be possible to deliver the summary in the time
span of an elevator ride, or approximately thirty
seconds to two minutes.
• The term itself comes from a scenario of an accidental
meeting with someone important in the elevator. If the
conversation inside the elevator in those few seconds is
interesting and value adding, the conversation will
continue after the elevator ride or end in exchange of
business card or a scheduled meeting.

16. • It is important to make good eye contact while giving
an Elevator Speech.
• Also we should take care of our body language. No
fidgeting, moving hands, stiffness, etc.
• We should be relaxed and confident.
• One should not pause for a long time. Pausing for a
long time while giving an Elevator Speech indicates
being confused or hesitant.
• We should not go non stop as going non stop
indicates nervousness.
• The purpose of the elevator speech, is also to sell.
Similar to cold-calling, the elevator speech has one
main goal: to interest the other person in you and/or
your product and potentially make a sale.

17. USES FOR AN ELEVATOR SPEECH
• Any cold call opportunity
• Voice mail message
• Career fairs
• Receptions
• Interview introductions
• Conferences
• Any networking opportunity
• SPECIMEN:
Hi, my name is Pooja. I am currently a MBA
student attending Rai University, Ahmedabad. I’m
in the first semester. I have always had an interest
in Marketing and in future I plan my career in
Marketing.

18. Self Introduction while introducing others
• Introducing yourself and others:
SPECIMEN:
• Hi, my name is Pooja. Nice to meet you. Let
me introduce myself. I am from Ahmedabad. I
am currently a MBA student attending Rai
University, Ahmedabad. I’m in the first
semester. Meet my friend Priya. Priya meet
Seeta, she is my school friend. And Seeta,
Priya is my college friend. We are classmates.

19. SPECIMEN 2:
• Hello, my name is Ram. Pleased to meet you. I
would (I’d) like to introduce myself. I belong to
Ahmedabad. I am pursuing MBA from Rai
University, Ahmedabad. I’m in the first
semester. I would (I’d) like to introduce Rohit
to you. Rohit meet Ajay, he was my neighbor.
And Ajay, Rohit is my college friend. We study
together.

20. Self Introduction for an interview
• Q) Tell me something about yourself:
• SPECIMEN:
My name is Ram Sharma. I am from Mehsana. I was born in
Ahmedabad and brought up in Mehsana. I have done my high
school from Mehsana. I have passed H.S.C. with 70%. I have
completed BBA from A.L. College. I am pursuing MBA from Rai
University, Ahmedabad. I am in the first year.
Coming to my family background, there are three members in my
family including me. My father is an engineer and my mother is a
housewife.
My short term goal is to do MBA. And my long term goal is to
attain good position in an organization.

21. Elements of a presentation
• There are five elements of a Presentation:
1) Opener
2) Preview
3) Body
4) Summary
5) Conclusion
• Presentations and reports are ways of communicating ideas and
information to a group. But unlike a report, a presentation carries
the speaker's personality better and allows immediate interaction
between all the participants.
• We make presentations for conference talks, interviews, course
lectures, etc.

22. Elements of a presentation
OPENER
• Attract your audience to
your topic.
• Explain them of your topic’s
importance and relevance.
• Use attractive backgrounds
and color combinations.
• We can also use pictures to
increase audience interest.
PREVIEW
• Previewing your main
contents is extremely
important.
• This will increase your
audience's comprehension.
• Think of it as “signposting.”

23. BODY
• This is the main part of you
presentation.
• Although it is the third part,
it should be prepared first.
• After it is prepared, the
other parts will follow
naturally.
• Always use transitions.
SUMMARY
• This is quite similar to the
preview.
• Remind your listeners of the
main contents.
• Summary should be
precise/exact.
• Summarize your points for a
quick recap for the
audience.

24. Conclusion
• Leave a good impression with your listeners.
• Remind them again of the importance or
relevance of your topic.
• You might also suggest future areas of research.
• Thank the audience for being patient.
• Do not end by saying “that’s all” or “the end.”
• Your final words can be as simple as “thank you.”
• Knowing your objectives is the key to an effective
presentation.

25. Guidelines for a good presentation
Presenter
• Makes good eye contact.
• Movement is deliberate and
purposeful.
• Nothing in hands.
• Excitement about the
presentation/story/idea.
• Verbal clutter at a minimum.
• Proper pronunciation and
grammar.
• Relates to the audience.
• Appropriate humor.
• Dress for success (presenter)
• Well prepared.
Presentation
• Clear and concise message.
• Organized logically.
• Conduct a dry run.
• Information up to date.
• Correct spelling.
• Slides – relevant & good colors.
• Animation and transitions.
• Include resources where required.
• Simple and not over crowded.
• Interesting presentation of subject
matter.

26. Top ten mistakes made by presenters
• No presentation objectives.
• Poor visual aids.
• Ineffective
closing/concluding.
• Mediocre first impression.
• No preparation.
• Lack of enthusiasm.
• Weak eye contact &
Fidgeting.
• Ignoring audience reaction.
• Lack of facial expressions.
• Sticky floor syndrome.

27. Do’s and Don’ts for giving a presentation
Do’s
a) Use appropriate visual aids.
b) Speak slowly, clearly and loudly.
c) Keep your hands out of your
pockets and away from your face.
d) Arrive before time, spend some
time in getting familiar with the room,
space and equipments.
e) State your points with interesting
material.
f) Time your presentation.
g) Make proper eye contact and have
positive body language.
Don’ts
a) Don’t hide behind the
podium/lectern.
b) Don’t talk to the screen, talk to the
audience.
c) Don’t jump start your presentation
without an introduction.
d) Don’t use too many slides and don’t
load them with content.
e) Don’t merely read the information
from the slides.
f) Don’t have a dull voice, unclear
pictures and small fonts.
g) Don’t use many technical terms.

28. Delivery skills for giving a presentation
• Delivery Skills for giving a presentation comprises of:
a) Voice
b) Body Language
c) Active Listening
d) Nerves
e) Questions
After the purpose and content of the presentation are determined, visual aids are
prepared and speakers should practice delivering their presentation incorporating the
visual aids. Additionally, it is beneficial to practice in the environment in which the
presentation will be given, if possible. As the presenter practices and builds
confidence, the quantity of notes used should be reduced. Ideally, notes should be
limited to key words and phrases, because the fewer the notes, the more the speaker
is free to concentrate on the audience.

29. 1] Voice
• How you say is equally important as what you say.
• Volume: How loud the sound is. The goal is to be heard
without shouting. Good speakers lower their voice to
draw the audience in, and raise it to make a point.
• Tone: Having the right tone is important for effective
communication.
• Pitch: Decide the pitch high, low or moderate as per
the content.
• Pace: Talking too fast causes the words and syllables to
be short, while talking slowly lengthens them. Varying
the pace helps to maintain the audience's interest.
• Listening to your own voice is a good way of
improving it.

30. 2] Body Language
• Your body communicates different impressions to
the audience. People not only listen to you, they
also watch you. Slouching tells them you are
indifferent or you do not care, even though you
might care a great deal! On the other hand,
displaying good posture tells your audience that
you know what you are doing and you care
deeply about it. Also, a good posture helps you to
speak more clearly and effective.
• Always display the given body language while
giving a presentation:

31. 1) Eye contact – Eye contact helps convey interest,
warmth, concern and credibility (sincerity &
reliability.
2) Facial Expression - Smiling is a powerful cue that
transmits happiness, friendliness, warmth, and
liking.
3) Posture and body orientation - You communicate
numerous messages by the way you talk and move.
Standing erect and leaning forward communicates
that you are approachable, receptive, and
friendly. Speaking with your back turned or looking
at the floor or ceiling should be avoided as it
communicates disinterest.

32. Body Language while speaking
1) Empty your hands - Put down anything
you’re holding, whether it be a pen, a book
or your notes.
2) Keep your hands free – Let your hands be at
your sides. Never in your pocket.

33. 3) Steepling – Steepling is what you call palms that
face each other with just the fingertips touching.
This is a display of confidence and self-
assurance.
4) Hands in the back - This is usually shows some
amount of confidence.

34. 3] Active listening
• Good speakers not only inform their audience,
they also listen to them. By listening, you know if
they are understanding the information and if the
information is important to them. Active
listening is NOT the same as hearing. Hearing is
the first part and consists of the perception of
sound. Listening, the second part, involves an
attachment of meaning of how the
content/information is perceived. Passive
listening occurs when the receiver has little
motivation to listen carefully.

35. 4] Nerves
• The main enemy of a presenter is tension,
which ruins the voice, posture, and
spontaneity. The voice becomes higher as the
throat tenses. Shoulders tighten up and limits
flexibility while the legs start to shake and
causes unsteadiness. The presentation
becomes boring as the speaker locks in on the
notes and starts to read directly from them.
Remember winners continue, losers stop.

36. 5] Questions
• Questions do not mean you did not explain the topic
good enough, but that their interest is deeper than the
average audience.
• Always allow time at the end of the presentation for
questions. After inviting questions, do not rush ahead if
no one asks a question. Pause for about ten seconds to
allow the audience to gather their thoughts. When a
question is asked, repeat the question to ensure that
everyone heard it (and that you heard it correctly).
When answering, direct your remarks to the entire
audience. That way, you keep everyone focused, not
just the questioner. To reinforce your presentation, try
to relate the question back to the main points.

37. Visual Aids
• Using visual aids can make a presentation more
interesting and effective. When an audience can both
hear and see what you are saying, they are more likely
to retain the information.
• Visual aids are a great assistance to the speaker as well
as to the audience.
• These serve to allow the speaker to remember all the
important points and stay on the track. Moreover,
people retain visual part of the information from
graphs and tables far better than listening to someone
explain the results, conclusions, etc. The visual aids
must be appropriate.

38. • The choice of visual aids may be made from:
• --Overhead projector (OHP).
• --Slides.
• --Multimedia.
• --Charts.
• --Blackboard.
• --White board.
• --Handouts.
• --Samples or objects.
• All of the above mentioned visual aids can be used in
accordance to type of environment and venue of
presentation. Nowadays there are some more advanced
visual aids available like digital white board that convert
ordinary white board into interactive computer desktop.

39. Guidance on using slides as a visual aid
1) Style:
• Begin each body slide with a sentence-
assertion headline that is left justified and no
more than two lines.
• Support the assertion headline with visual
evidence: photographs, drawings, graphs, or
words and equations arranged visually.
2) Typography:
o Use bold type face/font face such as Arial or
Calibri.

40. 3) Layout:
o In body text, keep paragraphs not more than three to five lines.
o Keep bullet lists of maximum two lines.
o Be generous with white space, there should not be any crowding.
 Important tips to enhance your slides:
• Use design templates.
• You should aim not to have more than one slide for every 1-2
minutes of presentation time. If your presentation time is of 20
minutes then it is advised not to have more than 10 slides.
• Discuss directly and incorporate your slides (content) into talk.
Don’t assume the audience will understand everything on their
own.
• When you practice your presentation, practice with your slides,
you should know which slide has exactly what content and we
should not search for slides in front of the audience.

41. • Slides aren't always necessary. Perhaps the most
important thing to know when using slides in a
presentation is when to turn them off. There is no
rule that says that it is a good idea to be show slides
during the entire talk. Slides are not always the best
medium for your information and you should get into
the habit of asking yourself, “Is a slide necessary?”.
• For example, if you are discussing a personal
experience or observation, that information might be
more effectively communicated without a slide.
Additionally, your slides should not be visible unless
they are relevant to what you are currently discussing
in your talk.
• When you finish with the point discussed in a slide,
choose to blank the screen so that the audience
focuses entirely on you. Blanking the screen can be
one of your most powerful tools because it refocuses
the attention of the audience onto you.

42. Overhead Projector

43. Overhead projector/ transparencies
• An overhead projector projects images drawn on clear
sheets of plastic, called transparencies, on to a screen
so that the images can be seen by a large group.
• To see the projected image clearly, we don’t require to
switch off the lights.
• During the presentation we can mark on sheets and
highlight the important points by underlining it.
• We should not put too much of information on our
transparency, not more than ten lines on a
transparency.
• Distortion in the OHP is called Keystone Effect.

44. Other utilities
Screen used for OHP Transparency

45. Posters
• Posters can include charts, graphs,
tables or photographs.
• Charts, graphs and tables can
display statistics or other important
data; be sure the information is
accurate.
• Large posters are best for large
groups to ensure visibility to
everyone.
• Mounting the posters to thick,
sturdy boards may avoid the posters
becoming flimsy (delicate) or falling
down.
• Use an easel to display posters;
never hold them up by hand.
Professional posters will be clean,
neat and full of contrast.

46. Flip Charts

47. Flip Chart – A visual aid
• A flip chart is a large pad of paper on a stand, which is a very
effective visual aid tool.
• It is a very useful and flexible way of recording information during
your presentation (while delivering the presentation, we speak
and write points/draw diagram) - you can even use pre-prepared
sheets for key points (already drawn and written before the
presentation).
• Record information as you go along, keeping one main idea to
each sheet. (Give Headings)
• Flip back through the pad to help you recap your main points. Use
the turning of a page to show progression from point to point.
• Remember to make your writing clear and readable and your
diagrams as simple as possible.
•

48. Flip Charts

49. Videos
• Videos can be a successful type of visual aid. Be sure
all necessary equipment is available in the
presentation room. If not, bring your own and be sure
it is set up properly before the presentation begins.
• Practice beforehand so there will be no hidden issues.
• Keep video clips short and be sure that everyone in
the room will be able to see the screen.
• Video gives you a chance to show stimulating visual
information. Use video to bring movement, pictures
and sound into your presentation. Always make sure
that the clip is directly relevant to your content. Tell
your audience what to look for. Avoid showing many
videos, choose the most relevant and effective one.

50. Handouts
• Handouts are incredibly useful. Use a handout if your
information is too detailed to fit on a slide or if you want
your audience to have a full record of your findings.
• Consider the merits of passing round your handouts at the
beginning, middle and end of a presentation. Given too
early and they may prove a distraction. Given too late and
your audience may have taken too many unnecessary
notes. Given out in the middle and your audience will
inevitably read rather than listen.
• One powerful way of avoiding these pitfalls is to give out
incomplete handouts at key stages during your
presentation. You can then highlight the missing details
vocally, encouraging your audience to fill in the gaps.

51. Graphs
• Graph is a visual aid to show statistical trends and patterns.
• Graphs are most helpful for showing trends in data. They generally
feature data arranged along an x-axis and a y-axis.
• The most common type of graph is Line Graph.
• The pie graph is best suited for illustrating simple distribution
patterns. A pie graph is used to dramatize relationships among the
parts of a whole, you should keep the number of different segments
in the graph as small as possible. A pie graph should ideally have from
two to five segments; under no circumstances should it have more
than eight divisions.
• The bar graph is a particularly good way to show comparisons among
two or more items. It also has the advantage of being easy to
understand, even by people who have no background in reading
graphs.

52. Line Graph Pie Graph

53. Bar Graph Use of Graph as a Visual Aid

54. Pictograph
• Definition: A pictorial
representation of statistics
on a chart, graph or
computer screen is called
a Pictograph.
• Pictographs, also called
pictorial graphs, are a
variation of a bar graph,
but instead of using bars
they use symbols to
illustrate quantity.

55. • The symbols may or may not realistically correspond
with the quantities that they illustrate.
• Although pictographs have visual appeal, they cannot
accurately represent exact numbers such as those with
decimals and fractions.
• Be sure to include a key which describes the quantity
represented by each symbol.
• A pictograph uses pictures or symbols to represent an
assigned amount of data.
• A pictograph is easy to read, makes the data interesting
and clear.

56. Tables
• Tables are those rows and
columns of numbers and,
sometimes, words. They allow
rapid access to information
and comparison of
information.
• The biggest use of tables is for
numerical data. Imagine that
you are comparing different
models of coffee makers. All
specifications, whether they
are price or physical
characteristics such as height,
depth, length, weight, and so
on are perfect for a table.

57. White board/Black board
• Whiteboard is a common visual aid generally used in meetings
and presentations in offices.
• In professional and formal places, white board and flip charts
are regarded to be unprofessional because they are hand-
written.
• Whiteboard is an informal form of visual aid, used in small
meetings which are suddenly planned and in situations where
the only purpose is to have a semi-formal interaction with the
audience.
• White boards/Blackboards are useful to explain data in
sequence.
• They are helpful in noting down key points and spelling out
terminologies.
• If we wish to write ‘live’ then we should make sure our
handwriting is legible.
• Ask if the audience has noted down before rubbing off.

59. Multimedia presentations
• Multimedia is media and content that uses a
combination of different content forms.
• Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still
images, animation, video, or interactivity content
forms.
• A presentation providing information using a variety of
media, including text and graphics displays, voice and
other audio, photographs, and video segment is called
a Multimedia Presentation. – Definition.
• Multimedia may be defined as the presentation of
content in various forms such as voice, graphics,
videos, tables, animation, music, etc. – Definition.

60. • As the name implies, multimedia is the
integration(mixing) of multiple forms of media.
This includes text, graphics, audio, video, etc. For
example, a presentation involving audio and
video clips would be considered a "multimedia
presentation."
• Educational software that involves animations,
sound, and text is called "multimedia software.“
• Microsoft PowerPoint is far and away the most
widely used program for multimedia
presentations.

61. Purpose of using visual aids
• Improves audience understanding and memory.
• Serves as notes.
• Provides clearer organization.
• Facilitates more eye contact and motion by the speaker.
• Contributes to speaker credibility.
• Visual aids support your ideas and improve audience
comprehension of your presentation.
• Visual aids add variety to your presentation by
giving the audience a break from listening and letting them
see something.
• Visual aids help illustrate complex ideas or concepts
• It is helpful in reinforcing(support/strength) your ideas.

62. • Enliven a difficult/boring subject.
• Make a presentation entertaining.
• Help the presenter to stick to the intended
plan.

63. References / Sources
1) highered.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/.../l
ucas10e_sample_ch13.pdf
2) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevator_pitch