Classical Management Theories and Agricultural Risks

Different Schools Of Thought Of Classical Management Essay
Three schools of thought of classical management in management:
Classical theory emphasis on increasing employee efficiency at work. It focuses on increasing
employee productivity, specialization of work, centralization of decision making and profit
maximization. There are three management the
Scientific management theory:
This theory was formed by F.W Taylor who is known as father of scientific management. This
theory focused on increasing productivity by increasing employee productivity. It focuses on
organization of work at work place and staffing so that men, material, machines should be able to
work in coordination with each other and high productivity to achieve organization goal. This theory
help business to carefully select the workers with required skills, provide them training so that they
can achieve efficiency and effectiveness in work.
Strengths of scientific management theory:
Training at work provide employee ready to achieve high degree of accuracy at work.
Specialization of work.
It introduced new scientific method and replaced the rule of thumb.
Increased productivity and reduced the cost.
Disadvantage:
Very costly: to have such organization structure required a lot of capital.
There is autocratic leadership of manager.
It creates unemployment for starters who don't have any skill and want to work and learn.
Administrative management:
This theory was given by henry fayol it focus on management and improvement of business
operations and management for
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Political Factors Of International Markets Essay
Table of content: Introduction 1) Political factors of international
markets............................................................5–10 2) Socio–cultural
factors..........................................................................................10–15 3) Economic
factors................................................................................................15–19 4) Technological
factors..........................................................................................19–23 5) Demographical
characteristics............................................................................ 23–26 6) Geographical
characteristics...............................................................................26–29 7) International trade
agreement............................................................................29–31 8) International marketing
potentials......................................................................31–34 9)
References................................................................................................................34
INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF THIS BRAND OR COMPANY John Griffin and his family
started Griffin 's in Nelson in 1864. From that point forward quality fixings, interesting Kiwi
formulas and awesome individuals have been at the very heart of our business. Our capable group of
more than 800 individuals across the nation have been instrumental in helping us make awesome
tasting Biscuits and Snacks for everybody to

Bee Hiving Scenarios
Scenario One: In this scenario, a student decides to test the accuracy of an advertisement from a
fertilizer company. The ad says their fertilizer increases the growth of a tomato plant by 25%. This is
an incorrect method of advertisement since you should never put a guarantee within an ad, but that's
not very relevant. The student decides to run the following experiment to test the advertising claim:
1. Choose three similar–sized tomato plants.
2. Plant each tomato plant in a small pot.
3. Place all three small pots into one container and place on a window sill.
4. Add fertilizer mixed with water to Plants 1 and 2.
5. Add only water to Plant 3.
6. Record the heights of the three plants after four weeks.
The student finishes her experiment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When more and more of these "Green standards" became incorporated, the numbers rose up (2013).
Works Cited
Doran, J.W., and T.B. Parkin. "Soil Quality Indicators: Measures of Soil Functional State." Soil
Quality: Indicators. SSSA, Inc., 1996. Web. 08 Sept. 2015.
Lean, Geofrey, and Harriet Shawcross. "Are Mobile Phones Wiping out Our Bees?" The
Independent. Independent Digital News and Media, 15 Apr. 2007. Web. 08 Sept. 2015.
Syngenta. "Bee Population Rising around the World." Bee Population Rising around the World. AG
Professional, 19 Jan. 2015. Web. 08 Sept. 2015.
Woody, Todd. "Scientists Discover What's Killing the Bees and It's Worse than You Thought."
Quartz News. N.p., 24 July 2013. Web. 08 Sept.

Making Bees Sick
A combination of factors could be making bees sick, including pesticide exposure, invasive parasitic
mites, an inadequate food supply and a new virus that targets bees' immune systems. However, the
main cause of Colony Collapse Disorder is most likely the use/overuse of commercial pesticides by
agribusinesses, such as Monsanto and Syngenta. Neonicotinoids, or "neonics," are pesticides
approved by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) on more than 120 crops, including fruits,
vegetables, corn, soy, canola and grains, to kill a variety of crop–ravaging insects. They dissolve in
water and are applied directly to the soil, or sprayed on seeds and plants. Whichever way they are
used, the pesticides are harmful. The plants soak up the pesticides, which then stay in the plant
throughout its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neonicotinoids, specifically, can remain in the soil for years, and will eventually be soaked up by
the new plants that grow and come in contact with it. When a honeybee arrives at the blossom to
collect pollen, much of the bee's body is exposed to neonics. This exposure will likely cause the bee
to become sick and eventually die. Our textbook defines sustainable agriculture as: "Agricultural
methods that maintain soil productivity and a healthy ecological balance while having minimal
long–term impacts." When discussing the benefits and problems of using pesticides to control
agricultural pests, we are introduced to the terms, "narrow–spectrum pesticides" and "broad–
spectrum pesticides". Narrow–spectrum pesticides are described as ideal, because they kill only the
intended organism, without harming other species. However, the pesticides that are being used the
most are broad–spectrum pesticides, which is why our precious bees have become collateral damage
(Berg, Linda R.,Visualizing Environmental Science,

Environmental Effects Of Pesticides On Bees
Blog article: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/09/business/energy–environment/pesticides–
probably–more–harmful–than–previously–thought–scientist–group–warns.html?ref=science&_r=0
Pesticide negative effect on bees Pesticides are chemicals used to kill organisms that kills crops or
reduce crop quality. While pesticides give farmers some level of peace of mind, they have negative
effects on their surrounding ecosystems. Pesticides do not discriminate between organisms it kills,
consequently, it harms organisms that are beneficial to the environment such as bees. An essential
service that bees carry out is pollination. In its search for nectar bee inadvertently fertilize female
plants and as a result bees contribute to the food supply. One can

Research Studies Associate Smallholders With Negative...
Studies associate smallholders with negative attitudes towards index–based insurance within prisms
of limited prodding the existing manifold risks. This article analyses perception of smallholders
towards weather index insurance amid common risks and coping strategies. The study was carried
out in Embu County, Eastern Kenya using a sample of 401 smallholders obtained following a
multistage sampling technique. The study established that the most important risks to the
smallholder farmers were drought, input costs and crop pests and diseases respectively while the
least ranked risks in the same order of importance were excess rains, floods and frost. Similarly, the
results reveal that the smallholder farmers ranked engagement in off–farm work, use of household
savings and crop diversification as the most important strategies of coping with drought. Borrowing
from banks, food aid and stopping children from attending school were also ranked as the least
important strategies. In addition, the findings do not strongly suggest a negative attitude towards
weather index insurance among smallholders thus controverting hitherto studies that do not overly
explain why? Furthermore the study rather postulates that other risks facing smallholders and their
risk responses disposition may distort and override farmers' attitude towards weather index
insurance. The Ordered probit model output reveals that sex of the house hold head, size of the
household, if a farmer experienced crop loss in

Genetically Engineered Food Pros And Cons
Genetically engineered food is widely ranged from variety to variety stretching far across the united
states from end to end. Genetically engineered food has smuggled its way into the United
States food system in large amounts because every nation needs to by these genetically engineered
food products only to keep its prices competitive. In 64 nations GE ( genetically engineered) food is
required to be labeled but sadly the United States is not one of those 64 nations. Everyones reason
and opinion for labeling GE food may vary but I t is clear, GE food should be labeled in all nations
so that its consumers know what they are buying, eating, and feeding to family and friends.
Technology has a big factor in why GE food is not labeled only because we as ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Now being told this information it brings up many questions and concerns and that's why our GE
food should just be labeled.
Using the same article ( Just Label It!) for reference, it states that 9 out of 10 Americans support the
exciting idea of labeling GE food. Surprisingly for over 20 years, the americans that were all in for
this idea where shut down and denied in having that right. There are many pros and cons to the
labeling of GE food but there is pros and cons to anything and everything. Americans should not be
left behind unguided without knowing that they eat GE food everyday. The FDA needs to improve
and better their ways to the twenty first century and start labeling GE food because Americans have
the right to know.
On the contrary the FDA ( Food and Drug Administration ) holds their claim of saying that GE
foods are really the same as traditional foods. To back this up, Monsanto scientist have created a test
on traditionally bred soybeans and "Roundup Ready" soybeans, which were genetically engineered
to be resistant to Monsanto's "Roundup" herbicide. After this test was performed the scientist had
found no outstanding evidence that made the genetically engineered

Genetically Modified Foods: The Downfall of Monsanto Essay
Executive Summary
Monsanto¡¦s downfall could be attributed to several reasons. The passion of Alan Shapiro¡¦s vision
blinded the Company into making rash decisions and the large amounts of money spent pursuing the
objective prevented any U–turns later. The company¡¦s unshaken beliefs that it was correct had made
it arrogant and not listen to the outrage all around. Monsanto underestimated consumer resistance.
There was no obvious benefit in the products introduced. It may have been a different story if the
products were introduced in developing counties where transport is poor or people starving from
crop failures.
Monsanto also ignored cultural differences. Canada and US were indifferent to genetically modified
products but there was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Typical mission statements include paying particular attention to the demands and requirements of
certain, if not all stakeholders. For an individual, it may be the family and employer, for a company,
it can include shareholders, customers etc. The term stakeholders for a company can be narrowly
defined to include only shareholders, customers and employees or a wider definition to encompass
the community and society generally.
Mission statements or objectives are an integral part of any organisation¡¦s culture. These beliefs are
so deeply entrenched into staff¡¦s disposition that they would act automatically on them. I have no
doubt that Shapiro¡¦s passionate belief in genetically modified (¡§GM¡¨) products would have had a
strong influence on the Company¡¦s corporate objective. Shapiro¡¦s passion and having $8 billion
committed (¡§sunk cost¡¨ factor) to this strategy would have effected his decisions. Their confidence
on the technology may even have promoted arrogance within the organisation.
With hindsight, it can be seen that Monsanto's mission or corporate objective did not include
listening to the community and society generally. As Shapiro confirmed at a Greenpeace conference
in 1999 ¡§Because we thought our job to persuade, too often we forgot to listen.¡¨ If

Questions On Materials And Methods
2– Materials and methods 1. Snails B. alexandrina snails (8 – 10 mm) from Medical Malacology
Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt were used. Pieces of
polyethylene sheets were put into the aquaria to collect egg masses. 2. Synthetic insecticide: Match
5% EC: Lufenuron 5% EC (Registration No., 609) was purchased from Syngenta (AGRO–Egypt).
3. Bioassay tests: 3.1. Molluscicidal screening: A stock solution of 1000 ppm was prepared from the
insecticide on the basis of W/V using dechlorinated tap water. To calculate LC50 and LC90, Series
of concentrations were prepared and ten B. alexandrina snails were placed in beakers for each
concentration (WHO, 1983) and another group in dechlorinated water as control. Three replicates
were prepared for each group and control, then, snails' mortality was recorded. 3.1.1. Collection of
hemolymph: To collect the hemolymph, a small portion of the shell which situated directly above
the heart of snails was removed and a capillary tube was inserted into the heart (Nduka and
Harrison, 1980). a– Total hemocytes count: The number of cells was counted using a Bürker– Turk
hemocytometer (Van der knap et al., 1981) by using 10 µl of hemolymph of each group. b–
Differential hemocytes count: Hemocytes monolayers were prepared according to the method of
Abdul–Salam & Michelson (1980). c– Biochemical Assays: Activities of aspartate aminotransferase
(AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in

The Importance Of Saving The Bee Population
All humans are born with a genetic code to survive. We all need food and water to survive. As the
years go by and population increases our demand for food and water also increases. "We rely on
bees to pollinate 71 of the 100 crops that provide 90% of most of the world's food" (Jones) It's safe
to say that bees are very important to the ecosystem and our food production. Beekeepers across the
United states lost at least 44% of their bee colonies form April 2015 to April 2016 and is still
declining fast causing a major problem in our ecosystem. We need to get the word out to as many
people as possible so we can start making changes as fast and effective as possible to help save the
bee population before it's too late. Some environmentalists

Discrimination Against Latinos
In a world that has been constantly changing since the beginning of time, the news it brings is no
different. In watching the news over the course of a month it is political upset that over and over
again earned its place on the front page. Issues within the Middle East often led as the most breaking
news; reports on ISIS, upset in Iraq. In addition to Middle Eastern political issues, immigration
issues often found their way into the news. Immigration may become more of a growing issue as
globalization increases as well, allowing people the ability to easily migrate. For example, in the
article "Britain 'struggling to cope' with immigration, says official report", it accounts that Britain
has seen one million immigrants within the last ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As an educated citizen there are many benefits of developing spatial mentality. For one, it greatly
aids in understanding what is going on in the news. For example, in order to understand "The
Separation Strategy in Iraq", it is beneficial to first know where Iraq is. Secondly, to be able to not
just understand where Iraq is, but to understand the longstanding tensions between the Sunnis and
the Shiites aids greatly in having a full understanding of the issue at hand. In addition, people should
have an idea of where their food comes from. For example, in the article "As It Woos Syngenta,
Monsanto Mounts Campaign to Combat Critics", Monsanto attempts to raise awareness of its
presence in countries like Brazil and India. To a spatially uneducated reader, that does not sound
impressive; but to a reader who grasps what that means, it is a smart business move. This is because
Brazil and India are major agricultural exporters so for Monsanto to get a foot in the door with those
countries could make the company billions. A final reason to gain good spatial mentality is to
understand the migration patterns that people unknowingly witness everyday. So often people brush
migration patterns off as chance, without realizing the deep history that often is the root of the
patterns. For example, the article "Blending French and African Cultures" is about how women who
have migrated from Africa, especially

Monsanto Corporation : An Agricultural Company
The Monsanto Corporation is an agricultural company that is split into four different categories:
agricultural seed, vegetable seeds, weed control, and traits, technologies and partnering. They are a
fortune 500 company headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri and has 21,183 employees at over 400
facilities in 66 countries around the world. I will be focusing on the agricultural seed market of
Monsanto.
Monsanto top brand are DeKalb, Asgrow, Deltapine. These three are their "bread and butter" and a
majority of their profits come from these lines. Since these are high profit seeds lines they spend
most of their research and development money and these. However, many consumers feel that the
seed line Channel is a sleeper line. This is because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These websites also provide the latest practices in the agricultural market
(http://www.aganytime.com).
The buying process for farmers includes the following stages: planning, placement, products, and
personal service. During the planning stage the dealer works with the consumer to help them
maximize the profit potential by providing them with access to information about current products,
soil reports, and predicted yield for the upcoming planting season. In the placement stage they
provide consumers with different advice for what seed to plant in different soil types, how to rotate
crops effectively, and helping them understand the different weeds or insects that could affect yield.
The product stage is the when the consumer makes the decision to purchase seed from the Monsanto
dealer. During this stage the dealer works with the farmer to help them understand the best and
worse traits of the seed they are planting as well as the genetics behind each seed. They do this on a
field by field basis so that the consumer understands what potential each field has. The last stage is
one of the most important ones and that is personal service. After the sale is done the Monsanto
dealer then periodically checks in with the farmer to understand any concerns they may have or
answer any questions. By completing the follow up Monsanto is reassuring farmers that they will be
there for the entire season and not just the planting part (Monnier).
The bargaining power of

Monsanto Vs Us
The differences found in the social report between the two companies could be explained by the
different views between the US and EU concerning to GOM According to Library of Congress (n.d)
compared to other countries, regulation of GMOs in the US is relatively favourable to their
development. GMOs are an economically important component of the biotechnology industry,
which now plays a significant role in the US economy. For example, the US is the world's leading
producer of genetically modified crops. This explains, why Monsanto Company makes more
emphasis on improving their biotechnology and teach it to future generations, while EU establishes
a strict monitoring of GM products for marketing in regard to the requirement of mandatory
labelling rules. On the other hand, in the United States the issue of GMOs are promoted as a benefit
for the population and the environment, while in the European Union, biotechnology has been
viewed as a new process that requires large regulators by the European Food Safety Authority. It
would be the reason because Syngenta's report is focusing on issues related to make crops more
efficient and to help farmers meet new emissions requirements, to produce more food while
reducing their environmental footprint. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which establish some general basic rules on the use of
GMOs to ensure the protection of the health and care of the environment. Recently, there are 163
Member States, including the European Union. However U.S has not ratified the Protocol, despite
U.S is the largest producer of genetically modified crops in the

Nuclear Power Over Our Environment
Absolute power over our environment has been ceded to the companies that produce genetically
modified organisms in Hawaii. "For the better part of two decades, BASF Plant Science, Dow
AgroSciences, DuPont Pioneer, and Syngenta have been drenching their test crops...with some of
the most dangerous synthetic pesticides in use in agriculture today, at an intensity that far surpasses
the norm at most other American farms..." (Koberstein). Not only have they been present within
Hawaii's agricultural system for twenty years, but they have been using pesticides at a dangerous
level with no regulations. GMO companies must be regulated because local citizens in the vicinity
of the GMO farms have displayed signs of sickness caused by the pesticides ... Show more content
The wind speed averages eight to nine miles per hour, and a primary ingredient, chlorpyrifos, in the
pesticides is prohibited from application when the wind speeds are higher than ten miles per hour.
On a windy day, incidents such as the evacuation of Waimea Canyon Middle School are bound to
occur. Furthermore, GMO companies have not conducted proper studies sufficient enough to prove
their safety for human consumption. Goodman reveals in "Independent Health Risk Studies" that
companies conduct heavily biased studies and ignore the findings of independent researchers if their
evidence is contradictory towards the companies' products. "Summary data from a 90–day rat
feeding study revealed to European regulators raised concerns, prompt
ing requests for release of the
full study, which had been conducted by Monsanto. The company refused to comply, acceding only
a year later upon order of a German court" (Goodman). Monsanto is a dominant supplier in the
GMO market, and their refusal to release a full health study to the public is questionable as to what
the true results were. Only upon order of the German government did they finally give up the results
of the study, which showed an elevated white blood cell count and lower kidney weights in rats fed
GMO corn compared to rats fed normal corn. Finally, the GMO companies are manipulating
Hawaii's government to achieve their corporate goals. Ludwig explains in "Hawaii's GMO War
Headed to

Figurative Language In Animal, Vegetable, Miracle, By...
Do you know what is in the food that you are fueling your body with? Eating locally grown food or
growing your own food allows you to know exactly what is in your food and where it is coming
from. Award winning author Barbara Kingsolver ditched her urban life full of pesticides and GMOs,
and uprooted her family to a farm where they were going to eat all home or locally grown food for a
year. The Kingsolver family documented this one–year food journey in their non–fiction book,
Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life. Barbara Kingsolver wants to educate, persuade,
and inspire her readers to live healthier lives by first forcing them to question the food they are
consuming. She uses allusion, figurative language, and rhetorical questioning ... Show more content
On page 4, Kingsolver asks, "Oh, America the Beautiful, where are our standards? How did
Europeans somehow hoard the market share of Beautiful?" Kingsolver asks this in regard to the fact
that most Americans are willing to drink mystery water that cankill fish. Throughout Animal,
Vegetable Miracle Kingsolver criticizes Americans as a way to get them to rethink their unhealthy
habits. On page 17, Kingsolver asks, "can we find or make up a set of rituals, recipes, ethics, and
buying habits that will let us love our food and eat it too?" This question is another criticism of the
American food system. Americans are exporting so much food to different countries while
importing the same items. This doesn't give power to the local farmers, it just increases the food
monopolies held by other

Genetic Salmon Labeling
There are many products that have been genetically modified, the salmon being one of many such
animals. The eggs of an Atlantic salmon are taken and are genetically engineered, which is when a
gene is added or taken out of one animal to another (Phelan, 2015, p.204). Genetically engineered
animals have genes that are switched out with others, taken out completely, or a new gene is added
into the animals already existing genome. In the salmon's case it had certain genes added and others
taken out or switched for a similar gene found in another species of animal to ensure they achieved
the results they were looking for. The Atlantic salmon was picked by AquaBounty Technologies to
undergo genetic modification. The salmon has a growth hormone ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I understand that many companies are opposed to the labeling because they lose the ability to sell
their product in huge quantities. The loss of profit could affect the company in the long run, and they
are trying to oppose this costly downside to labeling. However, labeling informs the consumers
where their product is from and there are many people who prefer to eat all organic food and by not
labeling products we are taking that knowledge away from the general public, which makes labeling
a very controversial problem at the time that may or may not be settled at some point in the near

Gmo's And The Plight Of Honey Bees
GMO's and the Plight of the Honey Bees
Most people do not worry about where their food comes from but they do worry about what goes
into it. More than one third of the population believe that GMO's are safe to eat while 52% believe
they are unsafe and 13% are unsure. To start what is GMO. Why is it so important to some people?
What do honeybees have to do with GMO's? These two are more closely related then people think.
A GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) is a laboratory process where genes from the DNA of one
species is extracted, then artificially forced into the genes of an unrelated plant or animal. The
foreign genes may come from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans. Example: The
transgenic potato plants that have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This plan identified areas where more information was needed and developed a research priority list
additional research projects related to finding the cause/causes of CCD. Researchers suspect neonic
pesticides play some role in reported die–offs and the mysterious Colony Collapse Disorder. In a
report released the week of January 10, 2016, the federal government has finally admitted
neonicotinoids are to blame for the catastrophic bee deaths that have occurred over the last several
years. The report confirms what environmentalists and beekeepers have implored for years:
NEONICTINOIDS WEAKEN, DISORIENT AND KILL HONEY BEES. Newsweek reported that
honeybees in trucks migrate to various regions of the country to pollinate an estimated $40 billion
worth of the nation's agricultural produce each year. That means that every third bite of food we eat
comes as the result of bees and other pollinators. That means they are responsible for 80% of all
food crops in the US. Industry is scrambling to manage the crisis, with Big Agriculture securing
healthy honeybee hives from wherever it can find them and transporting them around the country to
pollinate crops. Some regions in China are even hand

Monsanto Research Paper
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR GMOs?
It has been no secret that one of the biggest contributors to GMO crops is Monsanto. This is the
same company responsible for Saccharin, Aspartame, DDT, Agent Orange, Bovine Growth
Hormone and Glyphosate. In addition, they are also responsible for PCBs (polychlorinated
biphenyls that were used for coolant fluids for electrical transformers, capacitors, and electric
motors). This eventually led to Monsanto paying out over $600 million in 2003 to residents of
Anniston, Alabama, who experienced severe health problems, including liver disease, neurological
disorders and cancer after being exposed to PCBs.
Monsanto's history and lack of accountability is long. For instance, in 1996, Monsanto began its
widespread sales of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"According to a 2008 analysis by the United nations, Monsanto only accounts for thirty percent of
seed market globally" (Gregory 765) Unlike the United States government who works cooperatively
with GMO industry, the European approach has a suspicion of science and mistrust of both
government and industry. (Gregory 765)
Many other countries have done their own analysis and research and have found unequivocally that
GMO seeds show signs of high toxicity, which offer serious side effects and negative health effects
on consumers.
Several of the companies that have been responsible for GMO crops and their negative effects on
consumers have created the website gmoanswers.com in an effort to appear responsible by offering
information about the good they believe GMOs crops offer to society. The website is funded by
members of the Council for Biotechnology Information which includes BASF, Bayer Crop Science,
Dow AgroSciences, DuPont, Monsanto Company and Syngenta. What is most interesting is their
claim to being dedicated to the responsible development and application of plant

Monsanto A Modern Day Monopoly
Monsanto a Modern Day Monopoly
Monopoly, generally known as a fun board game, but in the business world being a monopoly
means power. They are illegal in the United States and there are laws and regulations that companies
must follow in order to prevent a monopoly from occurring. Monopolies are prevented due to the
fact that they have exclusive power of a good or service, allowing to hold on to their product and
increase the prices to whatever is desired. It also makes it hard for entry of competitors into the
specific market. Even though monopolies are generally prohibited, there have been claims that
Monsanto is an monopoly in the GMO [Genetically modified organism] market because Monsanto
is the leading power in the production of GMO ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
corn and soybean production. By creating laws and regulation, it prevents having few companies
control the production of good to distribute. Even with all the regulation few companies will still
manage a monopoly. Companies like Monsanto with very few competitors find their way into
controlling the majority of goods. Monsanto is a multi–billion dollar corporation that claims to "help
farmers produce food in a sustainable way" (Monsanto n.p.). The company indeed follows through
with this claim, but that is not all. Monsanto is a multinational agrochemical and agricultural
biotechnology corporation and is the leading producer of genetically modified seeds. These seeds
are given GMO, which means "genetically modified organisms." GMO's protect the crop from
weather, insects, birds, etc and allow them to grow faster to feed america 's growing population.
Monsanto and three other seed companies DuPont/ Pioneer, Syngenta, and Dow AgroSciences own
80 percent of the U.S. corn market and 70 percent of the soybean business. They also control more
than half the world 's seed supply.(Roseboro, n.p.) This does not make Monsanto a monopoly
because they have a competitor 's. This is called is a oligopoly. What makes them a monopoly is that
the company has an agreement with DuPont. In the article Monsanto Has Created the World 's
Largest GMO Monopoly by Ethan

Advantages Of Syngenta
Perhaps the biggest weakness of the scientifi c approach is that it de–humanised the employees, who
become persons without emotions and capable of being manipulated just like machines.
Workers found that over–specialisation led to the work being boring, unsatisfying and workers
became concerned about the de–skilling of their jobs.
Taylor's approach ignores the many differences between people. There is no guarantee that a "best
way" will suit everyone.
Taylor overlooked the fact that people work for reasons other than fi nancial reward.
Whilst money is an important motivation at work for many people, it isn't for everyone.
In today's environment it is recognised that individuals and teams can and should take more
responsibility for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
task.3 Understanding traditions of using a motivational theories in firms
3.1
the impact that diverse leadership styles might have on incentive in Syngenta throughout periods of
modification motivation is the incentive that put an urge on certain person to perform thir task with
full extent.
Motivation as well as performance are strongly linked. It is a misapprehension to feel that money is
the solution motivator in the agency. Factors such as a sagacity of belong, knowing to you are
cherished, and an hidden sense that you are construction a divergence beside with causal to the
organization's goals are very significant – they can be additional significant than money. for the
syngenta the ledership styles are
Autocratic leadership
This style is the one person show that controls everyone iron handily he is the alpha and omega in
the management. Managers engaged in conflict resolution must appreciate that the approaches to
conflict resolution are different depending on the personality type of those involved the use of
autocratic style. Individual behaviour at work is influenced by personality and self–image and this
can be done in this style.
Democratic leadership

Pros And Cons Of Genetically Modified Organisms
Have you ever heard of Genetically Modified Organisms? If you have you would know that
Genetically Modified Organisms are Chemicals put into foods, and animals to change their genes. If
you didn't then you now know! The real questions we ask ourselves every day is are these foods safe
for human consumption? There is not set in stone answer you could ask about twenty people and ten
would say yes, GMOS (Genetically Modified Organisms) are safe and ten would say no, GMOS
(Genetically Modified Organisms) are not safe. Studies show that these GMOS (Genetically
Modified Organisms) are not likely to present risks for human health. In addition to being safe for
humans could GMOS (Genetically Modified Organisms) solve world hunger. Well resources

The Health Impacts Of Eating Foods
Humans have long since possessed the tools for crafting a better world. Where love, compassion,
altruism and justice have failed, genetic manipulation will not succeed. Gina Maranto, Quest for
Perfection.
Genetic modification (GM) uses the method of genetic engineering, to manually add new DNA to an
organism. With genetic modification one or more new traits are added to the organism that is not
present. This modification is either advantageous to the producer or consumer. Food is genetically
modified to give or take specific characteristics and traits. It has been proven by a number of
scientists that eating genetically modified foods are safe. However this can be contradicted by
studies conducted by other scientists and researchers. A great number of research conducted
regarding the safety of GM foods have shown the serious impact GM foods have on people. Not
only do they create allergies in children and adults there are unknown effects to human health. This
essay with draw on, the health impacts of eating GM foods as well as the technology and companies
used for genetic modification, how a tomato is modified, the benefits of modification in other
countries and patenting genes and its consequences. The human consumption of GM foods is
considered unsafe by many. (Whitman, D. B., 2000).
A study was conducted, it was found that the presence of pesticides was successfully identified
having an association in maternal, fetal and non pregnant women's blood as a result of

The And Its Effects On The Country Of Norway Essay
The famous actress Jessica Alba co–founded a company called 'The Honest Company' in 2011. The
company puts emphasis on non–toxic materials for everyday use. Everything that is labeled on the
products is genuinely honest.
There are certain foods in certain countries that are specifically banned. Russia has banned corn that
has been produced in the United States. Also, Peru has passed a law for a 10–year ban on GMOs and
products that contain GMOs due to GMO infested food that has been shipped from the United
States. Poland has banned potatoes and corn!
Creating genetically modified food and other products is detrimental because it contains cheaper
ingredients and presents easier access. But since its legal to genetically modify our consumption
products, does it mean that we as society should do it? Should we contribute to the marketing sales
of these products? In the country of Norway, genetically modified organisms are completely banned
by law from the country, not even allowing them to enter the premises of the boarder. There is a
'gene technology act', formed in 1993, that states that all food must undergo chemical and genetic
testing before entering the country and also again before being able to be stocked and sole on the
markets. In countries in Europe, they substitute corn syrup for sugar because of the genetically
modified contents that are in corn syrup. In countries in Europe, they even modify American–made
brands to alter the ingredients, such as Heinz ketchup.

Total Face Group
Selected company details The business that has been chosen in order to define the business
environment is the Total face group. It is one of the listed ASX companies. The main area of the
business of the company is providing various types of treatment of skin and other hair treatment
through laser technology. It has various other competitors in the Australian market. The main
customers of the business are the teenagers, men and women who are more concerned about the
skin. The company offers various types of treatment of skin and hairs. The men and women between
30–70 age groups are the main customers (Movado and Rodrigo, 2001, p.171). Most of the
customers of the company are located online as the company sells its products online to outside
countries and to the people of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because they have involved in providing hair and skin treatment. The company has good
amount of market share in the cosmetic and hair treatment market. The market share of the company
comprises about 55% whereas the market share of the competitors of Total face group consists of
25%. There are other various small businesses that operate in the market which has the similar
market share of 20% (Movado and Rodrigo, 2001, p.171). By working in such an environment there
are few competitors of Total face group retail so the business environment in which the company
operates cannot be stated as the monopoly. Rather it is the competitive market where there are other
firms who can enter the market and leave the industry as an when they want. There are various close
substitutes that other companies sell. The Syngenta Limited sells close substitutes like the home–
based products. The cost on which Total face group produces and sells its products is suitable for the
average income of the consumers. The company is able to provide hair and skin treatment products
to the households at an appropriate and affordable price which can be purchased by both the higher
as

Gm Foods Transcendentalism
"Eat your vegetables, they're good for you", The words a kid never wants to hear. People scan food
packages for whole grains and fibers, avoid sugar, and don't even think about buying something with
trans fats. Just when people thought they knew how to eat healthy, there's another problem:
Genetically Modified Organisms. Some opponents would have you believe these ingredients are the
dietary curse of the decade. How concerned should people really be though? This is one of the most
debated questions around the world. Many environmental organizations protest against genetic
engineering, but numerous companies continue to use it in food production. The issue of Genetically
Modified foods has been investigated by many different scientists for many ... Show more content
The 1980's marked the scientific breakthrough that specific pieces of DNA could be taken from one
organism to another. This became the basis of the genetic modification process. In 1983, a tobacco
plant resistant to anti–biotics was created, becoming the first transgenic plant. It then took another
decade before the first genetically–altered crop was commercially introduced. This was the famous
delayed–ripening "Flavr–savr" tomato approved by the FDA on May 18, 1994. The tomato was fed
to mice in laboratory test who, normally relishing tomatoes, refused to eat these lab–creations and
had to be force–fed. Several of the mice developed stomach lesions and seven of the forty mice died
within two weeks. Without any more safety testing the tomato was approved by the United States
Food and Drug Administration for commercialization. However, it ended up as a production and
commercial failure, and was ultimately abandoned in 1996(Lacey). Secret documents were made
public from a lawsuit that showed the scientific consensus at the agency was that genetically
modified foods were inherently dangerous and might create hard–to–detect allergies, toxins, new
diseases and nutritional problems. They urged their superiors to require strict, long–term tests, but
the White House under George H. W.

Genetically Modified Foods
Part 1
Genetically Modified Food
'With genetically modified foods I believe we have reached the thin edge of the wedge, we are
messing with the building blocks of life and its scary' – Malcom Walker, Chairman and Chief
Executive of Iceland Foods (Quotes from Scientists).
Genetically modified organisms or GMOs are plants or animals made by splicing the gene and
inserting DNA from different species of plants, animals, bacteria, and viruses. These genes would
not naturally result in a cross breed. As a result of this biotechnology more than ninety percent of
corn, soybean, cotton, sugar, and canola in the US are genetically modified. Other major GMOs are
papaya, zucchini and yellow squash (Non–GMO Project). If not stopped it will be a matter of
another few years that they capitalized the entire food industry. Ironically even now, most of the
popular food items of children like cereal, crackers, cookies, and processed lunch meat are all
GMOs.
Is genetically modified food good for consumers? What are its impacts? What are the effect of GMO
on the environment? How do they influence the life of a common farmer and the food industry? Is
the situation really bad? How did we get trapped in this? What steps can be taken to control it?
These and many other questions need to be addressed before it is too late.
History
Even before Charles Darwin or Gregor Mendel proposed their theories of selection and genetics,
man was modifying living species. The understanding of the genome led to an

Pros And Cons Of Food Corporations
Food Corporations
How does corporate control of food in the United States extend beyond the obvious role of
corporations in the production and distribution of foods themselves? Well how do big corporations
control our food systems? They are so many way's on how the big boy's get their money on the way
we eat. There are so many risks and benefits when it comes to the food system. ***This is one of the
risks for example, undocumented farm workers put food system at risk (Sullivan). It is a bad thing
because they are deciding on what other people eat. These big food corporations want to control
something because they feel in their power that they must do something to have control over. For
example, flavors and looks. When it comes down to flavors food corporations know what to add to
make something taste good or better yet greater. They know what to put to make it look good as
well. In junk food these big corporations put something that makes us keep coming back for more.
For looks, before you eat something you eat with your eyes first, so appearance is everything. Some
people think it is a good thing for food corporations to control what we eat because it will be an
easier way to buy stuff and not think for ourselves and having the work done for us. Some people
are use to having the work done for them because it is the way of some lives on how some people
were raised. That is one of the ways that food corporations control our food system. According to
Greenpeace.org, the "six corporations– Monsanto, Dupont, Dow, Syngenta, Bayer and Basf control
75% of the world pesticide market." (Corporations control our food) So those big corporations are
just making a lot of money by just controlling what we eat. Having corporations decide for the
people on what to eat and what each person should eat is not right. Not allowing people to think and
decide for themselves. But, this country is so use to it that is normal to them.
According to USAtoday.com "Many of these companies and their brands are extremely well know."
One reason is that they often spend big amounts of money on the adverts. Nine of these ten
companies were among the 100 largest media spenders in the world in 2012. (usa.today.com) Yes,
big and or small

Pesticide and Insecticide
INTRODUCTION
Agriculture is the keystone of the Indian economy. Ensuring food security for more than1 billion
Indian populations with diminishing cultivable land resource is a herculean task. This necessitates
use of high yielding variety of seeds, balance use of fertilizers, judicious use of quality pesticides
along with education to farmers and the use of modern farming techniques. It is estimated that India
approximately loses 18 percent of the crop yield valued at Rs.900 billion due to pest attack each
year. The use of pesticides help to reduce the crop losses, provide economic benefits to farmers,
reduce soil erosion and helping ensuring food safety & security for the nation. The Pesticide
Management Bill 2008 defines "Pesticide" as, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The other business segment consists of Polymer. The Company's fungicides include Contaf, Contaf
Plus, Master and Fujione; weedicides include Fateh, Tata Metri, Tata Panida, and insecticides
include Daksh, Tata Mida, Reeva, Asataf and Manik. Its seeds portfolio includes cereals and fibre
crops. The Company produces and/or markets several hybrids varieties of maize, paddy and cotton.
Its household products include Termex, Sentry and RalliGel. The Company's seed treatment
chemicals consist of Tata Mida 70 WS, Glazer 35 WS, Tata Mida 600 FS and Captaf 50 WP. It
provides technical and bulk of various molecules to companies, such as Bayer, Syngenta, Excel,
UPL, Gharda, Cheminova, Dhanuka, Nagarjuna and other agrochemical manufacturer.
RALLIS INDIA LTD.
156/157 , 15 FLOOR
NARIMAN BHAVAN
227, NARIMAN POINT
MUMBAI 400 0121
United Phosphorus Limited (UPL)
UPL is engaged in the business of agrochemicals, industrial chemicals and chemical intermediates.
UPL operates in three segments: agro chemical, industrial chemicals and others. The agro chemicals
segment consists of agrochemicals technicals and formulations. The industrial chemicals segment
consists of industrial chemicals and speciality chemicals. The others segment consists of traded
products. It operates in every continent and has a customer base in 123 countries. The Company
offers a range of products that includes insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, fumigants, plant growth
and

Gmo Persuasive Essay Topics
The debate on genetically modified organisms is a big topic and heated on either side. Genetically
modified organisms should not be hated on, instead supported by citizens because they are the
answer to the future of solving world hunger. GMO's increase the yield of crops grown and, at the
same time, safe for human consumption. With the world population growing at the rate it is today,
GMO's are essential when talking about the future of the world and solving the threat of world
hunger but, scientists and farmers still need to be cautious of the unknowns that arise with GMO's.
What is their long term effects on the earth and what people are using them for? GMO's increase the
yield of crops grown by farmers greatly, and provide the world with ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Now, that is a lot of people to feed! Right now, with a world population of around 7 billion, 1 in 9
people suffer from malnutrition because of the lack of food available to them (Pratta and Reuters;
"2016 World Hunger"). Feeding the growing population is going to continue to become a growing
problem as we expand housing and using arable land previously used for growing crops. From 2002
to 2012 over 73 million acres of arable land was lost ("2016 World Hunger"). With the use of
GMO's, the yields produced by farmers can be dramatically increased resulting in less land needed
to produce enough crop. Another problem arising is that the use of crops are being used for
alternative reasons other than food consumption. With the use of ethanol, billions of bushels of corn
are taken to the plants instead of processing plants for later food consumption. While some of the
corn taken into ethanol plants reenter the feed market, only 12.2% of the total 27.3% of corn used
reenter (Jessen). With the use of GMO crops people can help reduce the numbers of crop that could
be used for food but it is instead used for biogases. Scientists can create specially modified crops to
be targeted for biogasses. Syngenta, a major agribusiness that produces agrochemicals and seeds,
have already created, and got approved, a GMO corn crop that is specialized for ethanol production.

Freedom Of Information Act
In the article, it accuses President Donald Trump of working behind closed doors to scale back
government regulations, rule enforced by regulatory agency carry out provisions of legislation,
while leaving the public uninformed. The New York Times and ProPublica identified 71 appointees
through information given by the Freedom of Information Act. 28 of which have potential conflicts
through businesses and lobbying. The Freedom of Information Act gives any person access to
records or information through federal agencies. The New York Times article states President Trump
has appointed lawyers, employees of industry funded organizations, and other people with business
ties who could make a profit by weakening or killing regulations. Through ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The court later found that the plaintiff lacked standing in the argument, legal right to bring a lawsuit.
Syngentia wasn't the only corporation lobbying for less stringent regulations related to the
Endangered Species Act. In the past federal agencies have not consulted with the Interior
Department when dealing with actions that affect endangered animals or plants. Environmental
groups forced their hand in a recent court ruling and federal agencies are now required to consult
with the Interior Department. Companies believe they should be able to bypass the Interior
Department since they "already undergo E.P.A. approval." In Chapter 4 we discussed environmental
ethics, a moral code of right or wrong, by arguing that humans have a responsibility to care for our
environment. President Trumps administration are able to seek ethics waivers when dealing with
issues that could raise a conflict between their political and business career. Samantha Dravis,
chairwoman of the deregulation team at the E.P.A., also worked with the Republican Attorneys
General Association, and president of the Rule of Law Defense Fund. The Republican Attorneys
General Association has been linked to donations from companies such as, the American Petroleum
Institute and ConocoPhillips. Dravis has been linked to receiving funds from Freedom Partners,
recently it was uncovered that they lobbied for eliminations

Conserving Water For The Future
Conserving Water for the Future "Agriculture must mediate between nature and human community,
with ties and obligations in both directions. To farm well requires an elaborate courtesy toward all
creatures, animate and inanimate" (Wendell Berry). Farming is a delicate balance between
producing the most possible from the land without destroying the land. In order for farming to be
sustainable more has to be grown with less. Water conservation can be addressed in developing
countries by simply embracing modern farming methods. In developed countries more money will
have to be invested into water saving irrigation methods. There was a time when you didn't shut the
water off when you brushed your teeth and now it is habit to shut the water off to save that little bit
of water. The same spirit will have to implemented in farming simple methods can be used to save
water. In order for farming to be sustainable in an ever changing world, more time and effort needs
to be dedicated to water conservation because the population is growing, water is a finite resource,
and using less water allows farmers to irrigate more land with the same amount of water.
Farmers across the world will have to embrace modern irrigation techniques. Africa is a prime
example of a continent heavily invested in water conservation. In a continent where 23.2% of its
inhabitants are starving they still have farms without irrigation (World Hunger). Well it would
require significant changes switching

Gmo's Argument Essay
By genetically modifying traits in plants, biotechnology allows for higher food production in a
wider array of places without the use of chemicals or limited resources. The increased crop
availability results in economic profit, not only in the United States, but in developed and non–
developed nations around the globe. A study to support this claim from Iowa State University shows
that without GMO's, global prices would be nearly 10% higher for soybeans and 6% higher for corn,
two largely grown crops throughout the world. The net economic benefit for farmers in 2011 was
$19.8 billion (PG Economics, 1996–2011). This results in an average rise in income of $329 per
acre. For the entire 16–year period since the introduction of GMO's, the increase in global ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Henry I. Miller, of the Hoover Institute is a reliable source, in terms of facts and statistics, but can be
biased and does have a vested interest in the topic because of his prior work with the FDA, in which
he served as one of the individuals to medically review the first GMO. He received many awards for
his work, proving a vested interest. Jennifer Schmidt's reliability is questionable. She is a Maryland
farmer and a registered dietician. She has a vested interested because dieticians, usually refrain from
non–natural food practices, as they say it could cause health issues, such as GMOs. She does not
have much experience in the field, making her validity somewhat unreliable. Philip H. Howard is an
associate professor at Michigan State University. He is reliable because his studies remained
unbiased, current, and relevant. Although, he does have a vested interest due to his teaching
profession, specializing in food

Taking a Closer Look at Atrazine
Part one: My group did Atrazine and I came to quickly discover that it wasn't just an herbicide
farmer's used. There was so much more to the story and it was more than a controversial topic, it
involved a major feud between two sides. The company Syngenta, who primarily produces atrazine,
and a now well–known scientist, Dr. Hayes. With Syngenta being the primary producer of the
product it's a no brainer that they would suffer if it were to be taken off the market. Dr. Hayes has
published research of his own that shows that if the chemical gets into our drinking water it can have
negative affects on amphibians. There are also speculations that it might affect humans as well. Dr.
Hayes actually did research for the company on the product, but when they wouldn't let him produce
what he found he cut ties with the company and had others help in publish what he had found. This
spiked the feud, or what I like to call war, between the two. For the presentation we had to remain
neutral and leave out our opinions and I found this hard to do because I was so strongly against the
usage of the product from doing research. In this paper I will go into detail about my stance on the
topic, why I have taken this side, and why this is such a controversy. First, after doing research on
the topic, learning the background of atrazine and reading about all the different experiments done
on the product, I have taken the side of being against the use. I didn't grow up on a farm and my
family

Gmos Controversy
GMOs are something that has caused a lot of controversy over the past couple of years. GMOs are
corrupting our everyday life. They are in things such as our food, our crops and our livestock.
GMOs are not safe. There have been many studies where GMOs are linked to causing organ
damage, immune system disorders, infertility, cancer and many other physical health and mental
health issues. What should we know about GMOs? GMOs are genetically modified organisms that
are made by using DNA methods of gene splicing (World Health Organization). The gene splicing
used to create GMOs creates unstable combinations of plant and animal genes that tend to not occur
naturally in nature. The harmful ingredients that make GMOs so detrimental include agrobacterium
tumefaciens, glyphosate resistant enzymes, EPSPS, and thuringiensis (bt.ucsd.edu).
After doing research, I found that there are two types of GMOs. There are 'pesticide producers' and
'herbicide resisters'. The pesticide producers are sprayed on crops in order to kill the insects that feed
on the crops without actually harming the crop itself. The demand for pesticide producers is $52
billion. The herbicide resisters are generally a weed killer. The herbicide resisters are also sprayed
on the crops, but instead of killing the insects it kills the weeds. Again, without harming the crop
itself. A common herbicide resister is known as 'roundup'. Roundup is a chemical compound made
up of glyphosate.
Before actually looking into the facts

Honey Bee Decline Essay
In the last century, the domestic honey bee population has declined by roughly 50 percent, and
researchers have been grappled with the understanding what is exactly is causing the decline in the
bee population. The main reasons for global bee decline are linked to industrial agriculture,
parasites, pathogens and climate change. Scientists now believe at least some of these pesticides
play a major role in Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), the ongoing demise of honeybee colonies.
There used to be "6 million honey bee colonies in the U.S. 60 years ago, now there are just 2.5
million."(Here There Everywhere) The term CCD was originally used to describe "the phenomenon
when worker bees suddenly and mysteriously disappeared and leave the queen behind."(U.S.EPA)
We have been forced to face the reality of what the loss of the bees mean for the large, global
ecosystem. The loss of biodiversity due to monocultures and the widespread use of bee–kill
pesticides are particular threats for honeybees and wild pollinators. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Crops consumed by humans are also dependent on bees for example, apples, pears, strawberries,
melons and other flowering fruit or crops depends on bees to fertilize the flowers so the fruit will
develop. When bees get nectar from a flower it gets coated in pollen, then the bees carry the pollen
to another flower, fertilizing it and causing the flowers to develop into fruit. Without pollination,
many flowering crops would not yield fruit, or would yield very little. "Honey bees and other
pollinators and the invaluable pollinating services they provide us

Development And Growth Of The Global Agricultural...
IV. Market Segmentation
The global as the market was assessed at 16 billion US dollars in the year 2013, and it is forecast to
of worthy of amassing 29.3 billion US dollars by the end of the year 2020 growing at a CAGR rate
of 9.5% during the predicted period from the year 2013 to 2020.
The global as the market has been separated into transgenic crops, tools, and synthetic biology–
enabled items based upon its functions and uses Demand for food manufacture has grown owing to
large population resulting in the requirement of more food to fulfill the food needs of the world's
people. This is a critical factor contributing towards the market growth.
A Large proportion of ongoing research & development in this field of as is done in the areas ...
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The continent of Europe is responsible for the significant amount of utilization or large scale intake
of the genetically modified crops for animal's food which it brings in from countries like USA and
Brazil located on the American continent. But due to the strict government rules and rejection of
genetically modified crops by the consumers, this region is not graded high among the producers of
the genetically transformed plants. So the continent of Europe does not make any significant direct
contribution or add to the increment in growth elevation and expansion of as a market ("Global
Agricultural Biotechnology Market Size, Segmentation, Opportunities, Trends, Growth, and
Industry Forecast To 2020").
V. Alternative Marketing Strategies
Life sciences help solve our most difficult problems and improve the quality life for all. This
involves highly challenging analytics, simulation, and modeling, which in turn requires high–
performance computing, high–speed networking, massive storage, and efficient data management.
We face significant challenges such as sustainability of food and energy, improvement of health, and
protection of our environment. Life sciences have a vital role in all these areas, and HPC–enabled
bioinformatics is key to finding solutions. Increasingly inexpensive genome sequencing and 'omics'
technologies drive new progress in bioinformatics and computational systems' biology, with
applications in

Matrix Organizational Structure
|THE CTL EUROCOLLEGE |
|MGT 601 MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION |
|SYNGENTA |
| |
|Michael Osei Nkrumah |
|6/5/2011 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The same can be said for projects B, C and D.
3. As mentioned earlier, Syngenta is making use of a matrix organizational structure to tap into the
breadth and depth of the talents they have, to support their business strategies in the markets in
which they operate.
Syngenta operates in multidisciplinary markets which require various skills and expertise. Some of
the company's markets according to the company's website include crop protection, seeds, flowers,
turf and landscape, and bioline. These fields are specialized fields and require people with high
scientific and technical background than just a business background (marketing, manufacturing,
supply chain and logistics, finance and purchasing). To fulfill its mission which according to the site
is "Bringing plant potential to life", the company relies on the various knowledge, skills,
competencies and talents of its human resource pulled from their usual functions to work together
on each project the company undertakes. The matrix structure promotes coordination among team
members and among team members and their supervisor, facilitates sharing of knowledge and
expertise among employees drawn from different departments, enables complex decision making in
the face of an unstable environment such as the one in which Syngenta operates and promote
effective communication required for the various functions to work together more

Should GM Plants Be Banned? Essays
Should governments keep a control over the production of GM plants?
Oxford Dictionaries defines being "genetically modified" is equivalent to containing artificially
altered genetic material designed to have desirable traits. (Oxford Dictionaries, 2011). It was in 1973
that Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer co–founded the means to achieve DNA cloning and
techniques to transplant genes between different biological species and genetic engineering was
born (Time, 2002). It is arguable that hybrid species and selective breeding has already existed
thousands of years before. But, the significance of genetically engineered organisms is that the gene
transfer can be made between non–related organisms such as a plant and an animal. According ...
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Genetic Engineering is the modern technology which is both feared and loved by the scientific
community. But, the findings and investigations made on certain pros and cons are often disputed
because the research into GM plants are done by scientists and researchers funded by large
corporations that promote and sell GM technology. On the other hand, other scientists may stand
against GM technology because of moral dilemma and other personal interests. It may even be
important for a country or as a whole world to lay out strict and just protocols in testing,
documenting and informing the general public about the real pros and cons of the technology.
Although it is believed by some people that genetically modified plants are beneficial, they should
be regulated by the governments because they can contaminate the environment, their safety cannot
be guaranteed and they can destabilize farmers' economy.
Despite being customized to be resistant to pests, it is shown in the report of the United States
Department of Agriculture that herbicide usage on genetically modified plants has been increasing
significantly over the years (Benbrook , 2004). Benbrook (2009) states that such an increase usage
in herbicide is driven by the occurrence of herbicide–resistant weeds. If the genetically modified
plants are to be sprayed vigorously with more

Calculating the Break-Even Point
Calculating the break–even point
To avoid making a loss every business must at least break–even by achieving a level of sales that
covers its total costs. But what level of sales is necessary to break–even?
To explore the concept of break–even, we need to define some basic terms:
Fixed costs: Costs that do not vary with output or sales e.g. managers salaries, rent and rates on
business premises. Variable costs: Costs that vary with the quantity produced or sold e.g. costs of
materials and wages Total cost: Fixed costs plus variable costs for any possible level of output. Sales
revenue: The price of the product multiplied by total sales Profit: The difference between total
revenue and total cost (where revenues ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The number of units needed to be sold (or made) to break–even is then calculated as: Fixed cost
divided by Contribution per unit
Use of the break–even model on a computer enables managers to explore 'what if...? ' scenarios
based on a change in:
selling price fixed costs variable costs sales.
Likely outcomes can then be evaluated and decisions made accordingly.
Now work out these two examples on your own:
i. Calculate the break–even point for a newspaper vendor. He buys in newspapers at 20p each and
sells them for 50p each. His fixed costs are £60 a day including the rate he pays to the local council.
How many newspapers must he sell each day to break–even? ii. A large business has fixed costs of
£250,000 per week. Its average sales revenue per item is £2, and its variable costs are on average
50p per item. How many items does it need to sell to break–even?
Find finance case studies
United Utilities Logo Using cost–benefit analysis to appraise investments Edition 17
This case study examines one major wastewater quality improvement investment made by United
Utilities. It shows how important non–financial considerations, such as the impact on the
environment, were in arriving at the best decision.
Syngenta Logo Investment appraisal in action Edition 16

This case study looks at how in 2008 Syngenta proposed an investment in new manufacturing
capacity

Classical Management Theories and Agricultural Risks

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