unknown facts about hair

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3. CERTIFICATE
H.O.D
External
Internal
Examiner
Examiner
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4. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to
my chemistry mentor Mr. S.K. PAUL for his vital
support, guidance and encouragement without which
this project would not have come forth from my side.
I would also like to express my heartily gratitude
to principal Mrs. LILLY SIDDHARTAN for providing
support to finish project on time.
I wish to thanks my PARENTS for their undivided
support & interest who inspired me & encouraged me
to go my own way, without which I would be unable to
complete my project. And at last by no means the least
I would thank to ALMIGHTY who made all the things
possible.
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5. INDEX
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6. AIM
:-
• investigating oN
hAIR ,iTS
cHEMISTRY
,tENSILE ,aN
oTHER fACTORS.
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7. INTRODUCTION
• A hair can be defined as a slender, thread-like
outgrowth from a follicle in the skin of
mammals
• Hair is composed of structural protein αkeratin
• This protein exists in α-helical form and is rich
in cystine , oxidized form of amino acid
cysteine
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10. tensile strength
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The point of failure i.e the time at which it breaks on
providing stress, is of much interest and is typically called its
"Ultimate Strength" or UTS on the chart.
Typically, the testing involves taking a small sample with a
fixed cross-section area, and then pulling it with
a tensometer, gradually increasing force until the sample
breaks.
When testing metals, indentation hardness correlates
linearly with tensile strength. This important relation
permits economically important nondestructive testing of
bulk metal deliveries with lightweight, even portable
equipment, such as hand-held Rockwell hardness testers.
Stress is force acting unit cross section area
thus, Tensile stress = F/A (unit-pascal).
Strain is extension per unit length
thus, Tensile strain = e/l.
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11. Obserevation
Sr. No.
Material
tensile strength
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Human Hair
200
2
Human Skin
20
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Ordinary steel
400
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Nylon Thread
75
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Spider web (dragline)
1200
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Carbon nanotube
62000
7
Carbon Fiber
6370
 Sufficient tensile strength helps in maintaining toughness of hair,
thereby a good hair breakage index which enables it long lasting.
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12. Effect of shaving and cutting hair
Cutting with scissors, shaving
has no effect on hair growth. ( The myth
was exploded by Dr. Mildred Trotter* at
the Washington University School of
Medicine )
Reasons for the Disbelief
1. The shortness of the shaft of a shaved
hair allows changes in its length to be
noticed more easily than noticing increase
in length of beard.
2. Apparent coarseness is caused by the
short, shaved hairs being held more erect
by the follicles clasped firmly around them.
* Under Dr. Trotter¹s observation, three girls shaved their legs from knee to ankle, twice a week for a period
of eight months. At the end of this time, microscopic examination revealed that there was absolutely no
increase in the diameter or color of the hairs before or after the shaving period.
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13. Excessive washing of hair causes
hair loss/dryness
Frequency of washing doesn’t harm hair.
Although the recommendation is three
times a week.
Conditioner helps repair split ends
Conditioner can’t "repair" damaged hair.
What it can do is smooth down the
cuticle and make hair seem in better
condition. A good conditioner can also
prevent damage from occurring in the
first place.
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14. Sleeping with wet hair causes
scalp fungus
Scalp or fungal diseases can’t be caught from sleeping
with wet scalps. Scalp infections require prior
involvement with infected sources such as humans,
tainted hair care tools or animals. Scalp fungus (tinea
capitis) mainly affects children, whose immune systems
make them more susceptible to skin infections.
Smoking causes gray hair
According to J. G. Mosley of the Leigh Infirmary in
Lancashire, England in an article in Science News
(January 11, 1997) smokers are four times more likely
to have gray hair than non-smokers. Even worse,
smoking has been conclusively linked to accelerated
hair loss.
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16. 1.The cause of the most common type of hair
loss is physical or emotional stress.
2.According to the mayo clinic. Doctors refer
to this type of hair loss as telogen effluvium.
It occurs when stress causes a large amount
of growing hairs to settle into a resting
phase. Within a few months, the hairs
suddenly seem to appear everywhere during
hair washing, combing or brushing. The hair
will grow back, but not until the stressor has
been resolved.
3.Infection like dissecting cellulitis, fungal
infections (such as tinea capitis),folliculitis,
secondtemporary or permanent hair loss can
be caused by several medications, including
those for blood
pressure problems, diabetes, heart
disease and cholesterolary syphilis also
causes hair loss
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17. 1.Minoxidil (rogaine) is a nonprescription
medication approved for male pattern
baldness and alopecia areata. In a liquid or
foam, it is rubbed into the scalp twice a
day. However, only 30–40% of patients
experience hair growth most frequent side
effects are mild scalp irritation, allergic
contact dermatitis, and increased facial
hair
2. Finasteride (propecia) is used in
male-pattern hair loss in a pill form taken on a
daily basis. It is not indicated for women and is
not recommended in pregnant women.
Treatment is effective within six to eight
months of treatment. Side effects include
decreased sex drive, erectile dysfunction,
ejaculatory dysfunction, gynecomastia,
and myopathy, hair loss resumes again.. Once
treatment is stopped
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18. 3. Immunosuppressants applied to the
scalp have been shown to temporarily
reverse alopecia areata, though the side
effects of some of these drugs make such
therapy questionable.
4. Hormonal modulators (oral
contraceptives or antiandrogens such
as spironolactone and flutamide) can be
used for female-pattern hair loss
associated with hyperandrogenemia.
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19. How can hair stretch?
Before breaking, a hair undergoes changes. For example, by delicately handling a
reasonably long hair it can easily be shown that it behaves like a piece of elastic; after
extending slightly, it returns to its original length.
The use of the extensiometer which progressively stretches a hair at the rate of 1 cm
per minute allows precise study of the modifications hair undergoes before it breaks.
Thus, for lengthening of up to 5%, hair is elastic.
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www.google.com
www.wikipedia.en
www.instron.com
www.zapahair.com
www.hair-science.com
www.wikhow.com
www.disabled-worled.com
Askville.amazon.com
www.Studyhealth.com
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