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Quontra Solutions
Automated
software testing
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2. Topics
0Automated software testing. What? Why?
0Automated vs. Manual
0 Common types of automated testing methods
0Automated software testing framework
0 Summary
2

3. What is automated software
testing?
A process which covers:
0the use of software to control the execution of
tests
0the comparison of actual outcomes to
predicted outcomes
0the setting up of test preconditions
0other test control and test reporting functions.
3

4. Why testing is critical?
4

5. Why automated testing?
0A time savings translates directly into cost savings
0 Improves testing productivity
0 Improves accuracy
0 Increases test coverage
0 Does what manual testing cannot do
5

6. Effort and Cost
0 Let’s assume 6 test cases
0 Effort required to run all 6 manually => 10 min
0 Effort required to write unit tests for all 6 cases => 10 min
0 Effort required to run unit tests for all 6 cases => < 1 min
0 Number of testing iterations => 5
0 Total manual testing time => 50 min
0 Total unit testing time => 10 min
6
Release Manual Test Auto Test
Manual Test
Cumulative
1 10 10 10
2 10 0 20
3 10 0 30
4 10 0 40
5 10 0 50

7. Automated vs. Manual testing
0Not all tests can be automated and most
times is difficult to decide what to automate
and what to manually test.
7

8. Advantages
8
Automated Testing Manual Testing
• Need to run a set of tests
repeatedly
• Test cases have to be run a
small number of times
• Helps performing
"compatibility testing" (on
different configurations and
platforms)
• Allows the tester to perform
more specific tests
•Long term costs are reduced • Short term testing costs are
reduced
• Possible to run regressions on a
code that is continuously
changing and in shorter time
• The more time tester spends
testing a module the grater
chance to find real bugs

9. Disadvantages & other factors
9
Automated Testing Manual Testing
• It's more expensive to
automate (bigger initial
investments)
• Manual tests can be very
time consuming
• You cannot automate
everything, some tests still
have to be done manually
• For every release you must
rerun the same set of tests
which can be tiresome
Other Factors
• The performance of your test tools
• The knowledge level of your testing team
• The continuous growth of software to be tested

10. Common types of automated
testing methods
0Monkey testing
0 Capture / playback
0 Code-based (Unit) testing
0 Intelligent test automation
10

11. Monkey testing
0 Randomly selecting inputs from a large range of
values and monitoring if exceptions are thrown.
0 For example, a monkey test can enter random strings
into text boxes to ensure handling of all possible user
input.
0 It applies not only for GUI or WEB testing, but also for
Unit testing.
11

12. Tools example
Monkey – Android testing tools.
The simplest way to use the monkey is with
the following command, which will launch the
application and send 500 pseudo-random
events to it.
12

13. Capture / playback
0 It’s a set of software programs that capture user
inputs and stores it into a script for later replay.
+ Repeated testing can be performed quickly.
+ Does not require programming skills.
- When the GUI changes, input sequences
previously recorded may no longer be valid.
- Difficult to determine location of bugs.
13

14. Tools example
Autohotkey - Free keyboard macro program.
Supports hotkeys for keyboard, mouse.
14

15. Code-based (Unit) testing
0 Individual units of source code are tested to
determine if they fit for use.
0 Ideally, each test case is independent from the
others
+ Bugs can be found in early development stage
+ Easy to test boundary cases
- Not effective for the integrated system testing
15

16. Unit test-case generation method
0 Random
0Genetic
0Other…
16

17. Random
0 Input values generated randomly
0 Run with generated inputs
0User checks output values (pass/fail) and
saves them for later automatic checking
(Oracle).
17

18. Genetic
This methods approach is to combine JML (JAVA
model language) and genetic algorithms. JUnit is
used as a test execution platform.
18

19. Tools examples
Parasoft Jtest is an
automated Java testing
and static code analysis
product
19
TestGen is a collection of open-source tools
that automatically generates unit test cases.

20. Intelligent test automation
0A model-based method for generating tests from a
description of an application’s behavior (UML)
+Models are simple to modify, so model-based tests
are economical to maintain over the life of a project.
- Most of these methods are researched only
theoretically.
20

21. OCL + UML
21
Inputs Constraints
Inputs
generator
UML +
OCL
Tested
software
OOrraaccllee
Outputs Constraints
pass / fail
RReeppoorrtt

22. Automated testing framework
0A framework is an integrated system that sets
the rules of automation of a specific product.
0 This system integrates the function libraries,
test data sources, object details and various
reusable modules.
0 The framework provides the basis of test
automation and simplifies the automation
effort.
22

23. Common types of frameworks
0 Data-driven testing
0 Keyword-driven testing
0 Hybrid testing
23

24. Data-driven testing
0 Data-focused automation
0User defines just data sets to run tests with
0 Data is defined in external data source and de-coupled
from script
0Good fit for a single application testing, featuring
multi-environment, big datasets, and rarely
changing Test Cases
24
+ -
Good usability and re-usability
Quality and coverage strongly depends on the
automation skills of implementing person
Good test flow coverage Continuous maintenance issues due to a big amount
of the code
Multi-environment support Manual validation is required

25. Example
25
Data set
Test script

26. Keyword-driven testing
0Good fit for a multi-application testing featuring
multi-environment, big datasets, and a big number
of short and straight Test Cases
0Users de-compose test cases into reusable action
keywords
0Non-coders are able to author automated test
cases with action keywords
26
+ -
Test development doesn’t require
programming skills
Due to keywords limit doesn’t allow covering
very complicated Test Cases
Good test flow coverage Meta-language specific training is required for
staff
Compact code Manual validation is required

27. Example
27

28. Hybrid testing
0 Combines the best of data-driven and keyword-driven
testing:
0 User defines data sets to run tests with
0 User also defines flow control through action keywords
0 Data is separated from script and stored in external data
source with action keywords
28
+ -
Test Plan / Test Scenario creation doesn’t require
programming or training on the Testing Tool Requires initial investment for
design and implementation of
the framework
Compact code and scalable architecture
Built-in strict validation

29. Framework components
0 Test generation (data and script generators).Tools might create
specialized data such as randomized email messages, or populate
databases etc.
0 System configuration. Tools might preserve or reproduce system
parameters.
0 Test execution. Tools might operate the software itself, either
simulating a user working through the GUI and using an alternative
testable interface.
0 Oracles. An oracle is any mechanism by which we detect failure or
success. Tools might automatically detect certain kinds of error
conditions in a product.
0 Activity recording & coverage analysis. Tools might watch testing as it
happens and retrospectively report what was and was not tested.
0 Test management. Tools might record test results, organize test ideas
or metrics.
29

30. General framework structure
30

31. Common functional automated test tools
Tool + -
IBM /
•Built as Eclipse plug-in with full IDE,
Rational
Functional
Tester (RFT)
Java support and source management
•Supports Web-based applications,
.Net, Java, Siebel, SAP®, PowerBuilder,
AJAX, Adobe Flex, Adobe PDF documents
•Full GUI Object Map repository
•License cost
HP / Mercury
Quick Test
Pro (QTP)
•Supports Web 2.0, GWT, Dojo, YUI,
Silverlight, Flex, Ajax, JAVA, .NET
applications
•Full GUI Object Map repository
•Seamless integration with
QualityCenter
•No IDE (changing
in release 10)
•License cost
•VisualBasic
scripting is limited
Selenium RC
& IDE
•Good browser support
•Good language support (JAVA, Ruby,
C#)
•Can be easily extended as JUnit suite
•Open-source (no license cost)
•No GUI Object
repository
•Only web-based
application support
•Tool support is
limited 31

32. Tools examples
32

33. Summary
0Automated testing improves productivity,
accuracy, increases test coverage, saves time and
cost
0Need to decide what to automate and what to
manually test
0 The framework provides the basis of test
automation and simplifies the automation effort.
33

34. TThhaannkk yyoouu!!
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