Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic heterogeneous neurological disability or neurodegenerative disorder known as "shaking palsy", effecting 1-3% of global population above the age of 60 years. This disorder is characterised by degeneration of neurons due to which slowing of movements occur. When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free, always on Time, outstanding customer support, written to Standard, Unlimited Revisions support and High-quality Subject Matter Experts. To Learn More : http://bit.ly/2xHCItf Why pubrica? When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free, always on Time, outstanding customer support, written to Standard, Unlimited Revisions support and High-quality Subject Matter Experts. Contact us : Web: https://pubrica.com/ Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/ Email: sales@pubrica.com WhatsApp : +91 9884350006 United Kingdom : +44-1143520021

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Examples of Literature Review in Dance Therapy for Individuals with
Parkinson Disease
Dr. Nancy Agens, Head,
Technical Operations, Pubrica
sales@pubrica.com
In Brief
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a
neurodegenerative disorder. Dance
therapy for PD improves the health-
related quality of life (HRQOL).
Literature review studies on dance
therapy has proved to be successful
remedy most of the PD's.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, dance
movement therapy, psychological
depression, health-related quality of life
(HRQOL), Medical Dissertation,
Literature review
I. INTRODUCTION
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a
chronic heterogeneous neurological
disability or neurodegenerative disorder
known as "shaking palsy" (DeMaagd &
Philip, 2015), effecting 1-3% of global
population above the age of 60 years (Ball,
Teo, Chandra, & Chapman, 2019). This
disorder is characterised by degeneration
of neurons due to which slowing of
movements occur. Sometimes PD is also
associated mainly with symptoms of
tremors, uncontrolled muscle and
involuntary limb movement during sleep
and so on (Zafar & Yaddanapudi.,
2019).These individuals at times express
childish behaviour and exhibit mood
swings, however, to overcome such
psychological imbalance in affected
individuals, physiotherapists have
introduced dance therapy. This would
make their mind peaceful, increase the
mobility in their hands and limbs, and this
practise daily will improve their
confidence to cope up from the disorder.
The dance therapy was considered as a
Psychotherapeutic used movement which
improves the well being of the patients
(the American Dance Therapy
Association) and as the spiritual
integration which bring peace of mind in
patients (the European Association Dance
Movement Therapy) (Koch et al., 2019).
Prior to dance therapy, several
other therapies were practised by
Parkinson's patients, which included
speech, occupational and physical
therapies. Initially, these therapies were
found useful to rectify walking posture, to
lower the tremor rigidity and mental
functions and to improve the vocal
disorders. Along with these, regular
exercises were recommended to strengthen
the muscles and strengthen neuro-balance
(NIA, 2017).However, medication through
drugs could not completely cure
psychosocial, motor and cognitive
symptoms, hence, alternative therapies
were researched to address these issues.
Dance therapy was practised in various
countries. The impact of dance therapy on
individuals who have Parkinson disease
was studied to know whether dance
therapy improves the quality of patient's
lives who were depressed and improves
the motor ability performance.
Researchers found dance would be
similar to do an exercise, thereby it
received attention. In the recent study it
was explained that patient's with
Parkinson's disease when suggested to
practise dance therapy daily, there was an
improvement in body movements and
health-related quality of life (HRQOL)
(Hackney & Bennett, 2014).
There are scanty review reports
available on the benefits of dance for
patients with PD. Sabine C. Koch et al., in
his study mentioned the events and

2. Copyright © 2020 pubrica. All rights reserved 2
beneficial effects of dance movement
therapy (DMT) on motor function and
quality of life in Parkinson's patients. In
his study he reviewed other studies
conducted by authors De Dreu et al., 2012;
Kiepe et al., 2012; Hackney and
Bennett, 2014; Sharp and Hewitt, 2014;
Loetzke et al., 2015; Shanahan et al., 2015;
Aguiar et al., 2016, where they observed
substantial progress in balance with Berg
Balance Scale, motor impairments
(UPDRS-Scale, Timed-Up-and-Go scale),
and quality of life were found in the
intervention group better than control
group. However, other few reports have
not provided any motor function like
freezing of gait and quality of patient's life.
The patients who participated in trials have
gained satisfactory benefits of therapy.
Moreover, in the subsequent trials,
authors Kiepe et al., 2012; Peters, 2012;
Boehm et al., 2014; Meekums et al., 2015
has studied PD patients with depression
and anxiety and have seen the better
outcome of DMT on patient's
psychological distress. A study was done
by Jeong et al. in 2005, examined the
benefits of DMT in teenage girls who were
suffering from mild depression. The effect
of DMT has secreted sufficient levels of
plasma serotonin concentration and
reduced the levels of dopamine in patients
taking part in DMT and found more
benefits than the control group (Koch et
al., 2019).
Earhart, 2009 in his review study
he analysed that dance movements involve
particular beats like Tango, that stimulate
brain cells to produce sufficient serotonin
to bring a better feel in PD patient. These
music or dance beats usually bypass the
damaged area in the brain, these beats
bring out auditory movements which
further improves stamina to walk in PD
patients. In another quantitative analysis
done by McRae et al. 2018, he assessed the
long-term impact of dance for PD (DfPD),
to know their confidence in performing
usual daily activities which improves the
quality of life. In this survey study, PD
patients were asked a few questions on
attending the dance classes and its
benefits. They found that 98% of PD
individuals have improved quality of life,
and 42% reported that they feel better
benefits out of attending class as the days
progress following another class. It was
found that dance provides a scope to learn,
interact with people and enhance new
skills in the class and also improves self-
confidence even after the class. It was even
noticed that these dance skills make a PD
individual feel comfortable doing their
daily activities like moving around the
house on work, gardening, getting up
themselves out of bed without any ones
support, cleaning their utensils etc
(Schmidt, 2019).
Similarly, in another qualitative
study done by Ashburn et al., in 2015,
analysed the benefits of dance in PD. It
was a 10 weeks study on a dance class
practising Latin American dances and
ballroom dance, and PD individuals took
part in the study for two times in a week.
They were interviewed about their
difficulties in practising dance in class.
Participants reported that initially, they
experienced movement difficulties in
class, following music, remembering
dance steps and so on. But, PD individuals
had a satisfying feeling of achievement
and joyful interacting with other mates
during the learning process as the days
progress.
Further, all expressed interest to
carry out to continue the dance classes.
Hence, out of evidence from the literature
review of this study, it was concluded that
dance movement has reduced imbalance
and gait movements, improvements in
mental and physical stability, improved
quality of life. However, it was also
considered that motor and non-motor
symptoms of PD individuals have felt that
psychologically, emotionally and
physically attending dance classes is a
suitable remedy for PD individuals
(Schmidt, 2019).

3. Copyright © 2020 pubrica. All rights reserved 3
II. CONCLUSION
Parkinson's disease requires a
crucial dance therapy which is evidenced
through various literature reviews as it
responds well. Understanding and
encouraging PD's, would make them
confident to do any kind of work and
activities they plan to do. More than solid
medications PD's would require emotional
therapy to get well soon.
III. FUTURE SCOPE
Till date various dance therapies
have been applied to any type of PD
symptoms, but, in this present scenario,
researchers/doctors must focus on the
specific dance to cure a particular type of
PD symptom to invest time on accurate
therapy. Moreover, future research should
not only limit to PD but also find out the
effect of dance therapy on other
neurological disorders.
REFERENCES
[1] Ball, N., Teo, W.-P., Chandra, S., & Chapman, J.
(2019). Parkinson’s Disease and the Environment.
Frontiers in Neurology, 10.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00218
[2] DeMaagd, G., & Philip, A. (2015). Parkinson’s
Disease and Its Management: Part 1: Disease
Entity, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Clinical
Presentation, and Diagnosis. P & T : A Peer-
Reviewed Journal for Formulary Management,
40(8), 504–532. Retrieved from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26236139
[3] Hackney, M., & Bennett, C. (2014). Dance therapy
for individuals with Parkinson's
disease: improving quality of life. Journal of
Parkinsonism and Restless Legs Syndrome, 17.
https://doi.org/10.2147/JPRLS.S40042
[4] Koch, S. C., Riege, R. F. F., Tisborn, K., Biondo, J.,
Martin, L., & Beelmann, A. (2019). Effects of
Dance Movement Therapy and Dance on Health-
Related Psychological Outcomes. A Meta-
Analysis Update. Frontiers in Psychology, 10.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01806
[5] NIA. (2017). Parkinson’s Disease. Retrieved from
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
website:
https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/parkinsons-disease
[6] Schmidt, S. (2019). Movement and Support as
Treatment for Parkinson’s Disease: A Literature
Review. Lesley University. Retrieved from
https://digitalcommons.lesley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.
cgi?article=1167&context=expressive_theses
[7] Zafar, S., & Yaddanapudi., S. S. (2019). Parkinson
Disease. StatPearls [Internet]. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470193/