Instructional medial (2)

PRESTON MWIINGA
CCNA, DIP COMP
ENGINEERING
INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA
AND
TECHNOLOGY
prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Student learning occurs primarily
through interactions with people
(teachers and peers) and instructional
materials (textbooks, workbooks,
instructional software, web-based
content, homework, projects,
quizzes, and tests).
Use of Technology in
Teaching and Learning
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Importance of technology in
schools
Technology as an academic subject
Technology and design lessons allow
children and teenagers to be creative while
also developing new skills and grasping an
understanding of how things work.
Technology education can provide students
with a wealth of information and knowledge,
which they can then use in the future to
purse a related career or simply as a subject
of interest and intrigueprestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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For children
For children, computer technology has
provided an indescribable wealth of
resources, information and knowledge;
since the introduction of the internet,
students are now able to access
information on whatever subject they
want, wherever they want. Resources
include journals, articles, e-books, practice
tests and examinations, model answers and
research findings
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For staff
Computer technology has enabled
teachers to make their lessons more
interactive and therefore more
interesting and rewarding.
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Practical improvements
Computer technology has enabled
systems of obtaining and
recording information much more
efficient and effective
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Media technology
In addition to computers, many schools and colleges
are using new methods of technology to enhance the
learning experience; these include digital television
channels, DVDs, digital radio and sophisticated
forms of communication technology
Digital radio and television allow students to
access a wealth of different channels which
cover a vast range of different subjects including
languages, science, history and geography to
name just a few
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Scientific technology
Science and technology are closely
linked and often become intertwined.
In schools, new technology can help
students to understand science and
make ideas that were previously
banished to the pages of books, a
visible or tangible reality
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Effectiveness Instructional Materials
Instructional materials are the tools
teachers use to teach their students. The
effectiveness of instructional materials
matters in the classroom since students
have different learning styles.
Some examples of instructional materials are
Powerpoint presentations, videos, and computers.
As technology advances, there are more effective
instructional materials available which can
greatly help students learn.
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Here are some of them;
Social Learning
These tools use the power of social media to help
students learn and teachers connect.
1. Edmodo: Teachers and students can take advantage of
this great tech tool, as it offers a Facebook-like
environment where classes can connect online.
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1. Grockit: Get your students connected with
each other in study sessions that take place on
this great social site.
2. EduBlogs: EduBlogs offers a safe and secure
place to set up blogs for yourself or your
classroom.
3. Skype: Skype can be a great tool for keeping in touch
with other educators or even attending meetings online.
Even cooler, it can help teachers to connect with other
classrooms, even those in other countries.prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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1. Wikispaces: Share lessons, media, and other materials
online with your students, or let them collaborate to
build their own educational wiki on Wikispaces.
2. Pinterest: You can pin just about any image you find
interesting on this site, but many teachers are using it as
a place to collect great lesson plans, projects, and
inspirational materials.
3. Schoology: Through this social site, teachers can
manage lessons, engage students, share content, and
connect with other educators.
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Quora: While Quora is used for a wide
range of purposes, it can be a great tool
for educators. It can be used to connect
with other professionals or to engage
students in discussion after class.
Ning: Ning allows anyone to create a
personalized social network, which can be
great for both teachers and students alike.
OpenStudy: Encourage your students to
work together to learn class material by
using a social study site like Open Study
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ePals: One of the coolest benefits of the
Web is being able to connect with anyone,
anywhere. ePals does just that, but focuses
on students, helping them to learn languages
and understand cultures different from their
own.
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Learning
These educational tools can help you to make
lessons fun, interesting, and more effective.
Khan Academy: Many teachers use this
excellent collection of math, science, and
finance lectures and quizzes to
supplement their classroom materials.
MangaHigh: MangaHigh offers teachers
a wealth of resources for game-based
learning in mathematics.
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FunBrain: If you’re looking for a great
collection of educational games, look no
further than FunBrain. On it, teachers can take
advantage of fun tools for math and reading.
Educreations: Educreations is an amazing
online tool for the iPad that lets teachers (or
students) create videos that teach a given
topic. Perfect for studying or getting students
to show off their knowledge.
Animoto: Animoto makes it simple to create
video-based lessons or presentations for the
classroom and to share them with students or
anyone else.
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Socrative: Available for computers, mobile
devices, and tablets, this student response system
engages students through games and exercises on
any device they have on hand. Even better,
teachers can easily assess student progress and
track grades.
Knewton: Adaptive learning has been a hot topic
in recent months, and with Knewton it’s
something that any teacher can access and use.
The site personalizes online learning content for
each student according to his or her needs.
Kerpoof: On Kerpoof, students can get creative
with their learning with games, interactive
activities, drawing tools, and more that are both
fun and educational.prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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StudySync: With a digital library, weekly
writing practice, online writing and peer
reviews, Common Core assignments, and
multimedia lessons available, this site is a
fully-featured tool for teaching and
learning that can be a big help in the
classroom.
CarrotSticks: On this site, teachers can
take advantage of a wide range of math
learning games, giving students practice
while they have fun.
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Lesson Planning and Tools
Use these tech tools to pull together great
lessons and design amazing and
memorable student projects.
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Teachers Pay Teachers: Have great
lessons to share? Looking for something to
add to your classes? On this site you can do
both, selling your own class materials and
buying high-quality resources from other
teachers.
Planboard: Make sure your lessons are
organized and that your day runs smoothly
with the help of this amazing online tool
designed just for teachers.
Timetoast: Timetoast is a pretty cool for
student projects, allowing them to build
sleek, interactive timelines in minutes.prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Capzles: There are so many different ways
that Capzles can be used in the classroom,
there’s bound to be an application that fits
your needs. What does it do? Capzles makes
it simple to gather media like photos, videos,
documents, and even blog posts into one
place, making it perfect for teaching,
learning, or online projects.
Prezi: Want to build presentations that will
wow your students? Make use of this online
tool that makes it simple to do all kinds of
cool things with your lessons, even allowing
collaboration between teachers.prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Google Docs: Through Google Docs,
teachers can create and share documents,
presentations, or spreadsheets with students
and colleagues as well as give feedback on
student-created projects.
YouTube: Not all schools allow YouTube,
but they are missing out as the site contains
a wealth of great learning materials for the
classroom. There’s even a special education-
focused channel just for teachers and
students.
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Useful Tools
These tools can help you to stay
connected, organized, and increase the
ease of building multimedia lessons
and learning tools.
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Twitter: There are so many ways Twitter
can be used in education. Teachers can
connect with other educators, take part in
chats, share their ideas, or even use it in the
classroom to reach out to students.
Google Education: Google offers a
number of great edtech resources for
teachers, including email and collaborative
apps, videos, lesson plan search,
professional development, and even
educational grants.
Dropbox: Easily store, share, and access
any kind of data from anywhere with theprestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Apple iPad: One of the most widely used,
though expensive, tech tools being used in
today’s classroom is the Apple iPad. With a
host of educational apps being developed
Google Earth: From geography projects to
learning about geological processes, Google
Earth can be an amazing and fast way to
show students anywhere in the world.
SlideShare: With SlideShare, you can
upload your presentations, documents, and
videos and share them with students and
colleagues. Even better, you can take
advantage of materials that other have
uploaded as well.
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Types of Instructional Media
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• Real objects and models
• Printed text (books, handouts,
worksheets)
• Printed visuals (pictures, photos,
drawings, charts,
graphs)
• Display boards (chalk, bulletin,
multipurpose)
• Interactive whiteboards
• Overhead transparencies
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Slides and filmstrips
• Audio (tape, disc, voice)
• Video and film (tape, disc)
• Television (live)
• Computer software
• The Web
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Media Categories
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text Text is typically presented on
computer screens but the complete
resources you provide can also include
other formats such as paper handouts
that contain summaries.
audio Audio can be heard from DVD-
ROM/CD-ROM discs, computer hard
drives, an intranet, and the Internet.
However, a complete instructional
package can also include resources like
tapes (audiocassettes), radio, television,
and live commentary.
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visuals Visuals can be stored on DVD-
drives, an intranet, and the Internet.
Other resources can include slides,
photographs, overhead transparencies, and
paperbased material.
video Video can be retrieved from DVD-
drives, an intranet, and the Internet. Other
sources can include mini-DV tapes, film,
VHS tapes ...
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animations Animations can be stored
on DVD-ROM/CD-ROM discs,
computer hard drives, an intranet, and
the Internet. Film, VHS tapes and
other sources can also contain
animation resources.
real objects Real objects include
actual equipment and models
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Media and Motivation
Consider a student's experience
with each media. For example, if
the students have typically failed
in text-based programs then
consider using other media.
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Students must have confidence
or expectations of success with
the selected media. To be
successful, students must also
have the skills to extract
information and learn from the
media
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Depending on a student's learning
preferences or learning style, the
media you choose could be liked
or
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Audio
You can use audio for obvious things
like music, poetry, and sound effects
and also when real sounds, such as
heart, animal, and normal and defective
equipment sounds, are an integral part
of the learning outcome. Audio is also
excellent for teaching attitudes.
especially if you personalize the
material, and intellectual skills such as
learning languagesprestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Some advantages of audio over text is
that listening is much easier than
reading.
You can use audio to gain
attention, give feedback. give
directions
You can use audio effectively for
students with poor reading abilities
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Steps in the Implementation of
Instructional Media
- Review instructional goals, objectives,
audience and instructional strategy
- Determine the best medium for your lesson
components
- Search for and review existing
media/materials
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Adapt existing media/materials if necessary If
new media/materials need to be developed:
- Determine format, script, visuals, etc. Draft
materials and media Check for clarity and
flow of ideas Conduct formative evaluation
Implement/apply Evaluate/revise
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Visuals
You can use visuals for identifying objects,
classifying objects, showing spatial
relationships, performing
psychomotor skills that do not need to be
recognized or copied, and helping make
abstract concepts concrete (e.g., with
graphs). When you design multimedia
applications follow the old adage, "A picture
is worth a thousand words."
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The term psychomotor refers to all the
cognitive processes associated with
physical movement. It refers to the
coordination between the brain and the
muscles that brings about movement.
Psychomotor skills are skills one is so
comfortable doing without giving them
any thought.
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Video
You can successfully use video for
showing realism, skills requiring
learners to recognize or copy
movements such as psychomotor
skills, procedures, processes, making
abstract concepts concrete, classifying
information, comparing information,
presenting introductions (which may
otherwise be boring), and gaining and
focusing a learner's attention.prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Video combined with audio can depict
events faster than can be done with
only text. However, students perceive
video as being easier than text and
tend to spend less effort in learning
from video than text.
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Consequently, students may learn less
from video than comparable text. You
can enhance learning with video by
cuing the learner, providing
interaction, and keeping the video
clips short
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Disadvantage
Video tends to be weak at
teaching detailed information
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Costs and Cost-Effectiveness
You will need to answer a number
of questions to determine costs and
cost-effectiveness:
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What are the equipment, media resources,
and copying costs?
Will the media run flawlessly on the
expected hardware platforms?
For computer-managed presentations, media
can be easily presented when it is stored in a
standardized format. Media can be retrieved
from hard drives, devices such as DVD-
ROMs and CD-ROMs, networks, and the
Internet. Are there costs associated with
getting copyright clearance to use existing
materials? prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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In general, copyright clearance is required
in writing from the author or copyright
holder for all materials, including print,
visuals, video, and software, created by
others.
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Why Use Media in Instruction?
Instructional media help add elements of
reality - for instance, including pictures or
highly involved computer simulations in a
lecture.
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Media can be used to support one
or more of the following
instructional activities:
Gain attention. A picture on the screen, a
question on the board, or music playing as
students enter the room all serve to get the
student‘s attention.
• Recall prerequisites. Use media to help
students recall what they learned in the last
class, so that new material can be attached
to and built upon it.
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• Present objectives to the learners. Hand
out or project the day‘s learning objectives
Present new content. Not only can media
help make new content more memorable,
media can also help deliver Support
learning through examples and visual
elaboration. One of the biggest advantages
of media is to bring the world into the
classroom when it is not possible to take the
student into the world.
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Elicit student response. Present
information to students and pose questions
to them, getting them involved in answering
the questions.
• Provide feedback. Media can be used to
provide feedback relating to a test or class
exercise.
Enhance retention and transfer. Pictures
enhance retention. Instructional media help
students visualize a lesson and transfer
abstract concepts into concrete, easier to
remember objects.prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Assess performance. Media is an
excellent way to pose assessment
questions for the class to answer, or
students can submit mediated
presentations as classroom projects. (a
text, movie, or video).
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VISUAL AIDS
Definition: devices, such as films,
slides, models, and blackboards, that
display in visual form material to be
understood or remembered (Visual
Aids, 2003)
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Chalkboard
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the oldest and most traditional piece of
equipment found in the classroom.
Considered to be so omnipresent that
many of us fail to think of it as an
audio-visual aid at all; yet most
teachers would be hard put if they had
no chalkboards available (Educators)
allows for spontaneity, speed, and
change;
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Can fit the tempo of any lesson in
ay subject;
Can be used for displaying
pictures and important clippings;
drawing sketches, etc.; and
Valuable for emphasizing the
major points of a lesson and
working out problems for the
whole class to seeprestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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TYPES OF CHALK BOARDS
ORDINARY CHALK BOARD: it is
movable and adjustable
And contains a wooden support
ROLLER TYPE: made of thick canvas,
wrapped on a roller
Magnetic board: made up of steel on which
magnet can used to hold the objects
BLACK OR GREEN BLACK BOARD:
framed with wood and available on black or
green color prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Guidelines for Using the Chalkboard
1.Write legibly and large enough for all to
see.
2.Use the chalkboard as if you were writing
on paper.
3.While writing, stand to one side of the
board as much as possible so you can
maintain eye contact with students
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4. Stand to the side so you don’t block the
students’ view
5. Don’t talk toward the chalkboard while writing
on it.
6. If the chalkboard is limited, draw a line down
the middle of the board, thus creating a margin
and two smaller boards
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7. Organize your chalkboard work ahead of
time.
8. Don’t clutter the board.
9. If you must abbreviate, use standard
forms.
10. Utilize colored chalk, rulers, string,
stencils, and other materials to make your
illustrations more effective
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11. Don’t get embarrassed or show
resentment if you make a mistake and
a student corrects you.
12. If you are working with young or
low-achieving students, write in
complete sentences.
13. Establish routine uses for the
chalkboard
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14. Erase the chalkboards
completely after you finish, and
keep them clean.
15. Don’t overuse the chalkboard.
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MAGNETIC BOARD
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Specimen
Part of a real object taken from
natural setting. It shows the quality
of structure . E.g. :section of lung
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Display Board
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Used for:
Displaying student projects
and progress;
Displaying current items of
interest related to a lesson unit;
Posting announcements,
memos, and routine
assignments; and
Decorating the room
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Types of Display Board
 Bulletin board
 Pegboard
 Flannel board
 Magnetic board
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PowerPoint (or equivalent)
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Microsoft PowerPoint is probably now the
most commonly used form of visual aid.
Used well, it can really help you in your
presentation; used badly, however, it can
have the opposite effect. The general
principles are
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Do Don't
use a big enough font
(minimum 20pt)
make it so small you
can't read it
keep the background
simple
use a fussy background
image
use animations when
appropriate
but don't over-do the
animation - it gets
distracting
make things visual
use endless slides of
bulleted lists that all look
the same
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PROJECTED AIDS
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Definition of terms: Projected
visual aids are pictures shown upon
a screen by use of a certain type of
machine such as a filmstrip
projector, slide projector, overhead
projector or TV/VCR
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Values of projected visuals.
A. Provides greater enjoyment in
learning
B. Stimulates more rapid learning
C. Increases retention: larger
percentages and longer retention
D. Makes teaching situation
adaptable to wider range
E. Compels attention
F. Enlarges or reduces actual size
of objects
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G. Brings distant past and
the present into the classroom
H. Provides an easily
reproduced record of an event
I. Influences and changes
attitudes
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TYPES OF PROJECTED VISUAL AIDS
FILMS
• The most influential and seductive
educational medium for transmitting
ideas and persuading an audience to a
point of view.
• Both interest and motivate students
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Categories of Films
1.Historical
2.Dramatic
3.Special topic
4.Slice of Life
Animated
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Film slides
•Are individual pieces of film for projection, mounted
on thin cardboard or plastic frames, usually 2-inch
squares.
•Are more flexible than filmstrips, since unnecessary
slides can be omitted.
Slide sets are accompanied by audiotape narrations
Filmstrips
Filmstrip is a continuous strip of 35 mm or 16mm or
8mm film consisting of individual frames or pictures
arranged in sequence, usually with exploratory titles.prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Film strip projector
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A filmstrip is one of the projective audio visual
that a fixed sequence related still on a roll of 35
mm film.
The filmstrip can be projected backside of the
map as convenience of the teaching situation
demand.
 A large number of subjects come with in the
range of filmstrips.
The teacher only needs to tap the right type of
strip for his teaching purpose.prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Guidelines for Using Films, Filmstrips,
and Film slides
1.Keep the film lists up to date.
2.When ordering from sources outside the
school, be sure to order well in advance of the
screening date.
3.Preview the film.
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1.Arrange to have the projector and
screen or video equipment in the
classroom.
2.Be sure all students can see the
screen.
3.Prepare the students for the
presentation.
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1.When ordering from sources
outside the school, be sure to order
well in advance of the screening
date.
2.Preview the film.
3.Arrange to have the projector and
screen or video equipment in the
classroom.
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1.Be sure all students can see the
screen.
2.Prepare the students for the
presentation.
When ordering from sources outside
the school, be sure to order well in
advance of the screening date
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Overhead Projector
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An overhead projector typically
consists of a large box containing a
very bright lamp and a fan to cool
it
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Guidelines for using Overhead Projectors
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• Permits the teacher pointing the
material & observe the student on the
same time
• It can be used in fairly lighted
room
• Materials projected can be
changed quickly and easily
• Operation of OHP is convenient
• OHP can be used with other type
of AV aids prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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 OHP is too costly
 Writing by some type of pen get
blotted out on plastic
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AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
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Audio/video aids in business
communication and training help in
numerous ways. Each individual
understands and retains information
differently, which is why professional
training organizations use multiple audio
and visual tools during presentation
sessions.
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This type of session is commonly
known as a "multimedia
presentation," which can include
written, visual, auditory and
sometimes interactive methods.
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Visual Aids and Time Saving
Using visual aids can save your
business time, especially if the subject
contains information that may be too
lengthy for written or oral
communication.
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Pie charts, graphs, diagrams,
photographs, video shorts and
animation can often help explain
subject matter quickly, and in a
manner that is more easily
absorbed by the learner.
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Time is valuable in every
organization, so the importance of
timely and effective
implementation of training and
communication should be a prime
consideration. Visual aids can
include projectors, flip charts,
models, white boards or any
combination thereof
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“Audio visual aids are any
device which can be used to
make the learning experience
more concrete, more realistic
and more dynamic”
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 Audio visual material should function as integral part
of educational programme
 Audio visual aids should be centralized under
specialized direction and leader ship
 Advisory committee should be appointed for the
selection and co-ordination of AV aids
 Instructors have to help the student how to use AV aids
 Budget appropriation should be made regularly
 Legal aspect should be considered
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Television
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It offers opportunity for seeing and
listening
It can teach large number of students
at a time
It provides excellent learning
opportunity for both pre service and
in-service education of teachers
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Helps to make the leisure time more
interested
It combines the sound and sight, thus makes
the experience more concrete, real, and
immediate
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Types of Television
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Refers to programs produced for
broadcast on commercial or public
television stations that are intended to
inform and develop understanding.
1.Educational television
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1.Instructional television
Refers to programs produced by schools
to teach specific skills and subject
matter and for viewing in school.
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Audio-visual aids in the classroom can
enhance teaching methods and improve
student comprehension. Today's technology
offers many choices to the informed
educator who wishes to capitalize on a new
generation's appetite for multimedia
presentations. Lesson plans that incorporate
the use of audio-visual aids should be
consistent with curriculum objectives and
not segued improperly.
Conclusion
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AUDIO AIDS
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 Immediacy : can describe the events as they
happen
 Emotional impact :through the combined
effect of music , voice , and environmental
sound students interest can captured
 One way communication :no possibility of
students feed back
CHARACTERISTICS OF AUDIO
EXPERIENCE

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Factors affecting teaching
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Educational qualification of teacher
Higher qualified teacher can provide
high scholarly instructions which can
effect than general graduate teacher.
Many teachers hold different degrees
and diplomas which is the sign of their
higher education qualification.
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Skill is an ability to do any work with
better way. If a teacher has teaching skill
then he can provide effective teaching.
Often says that teaching is God gifted but
getting good education training and
Psychologize best educational books, we
can get this skill and create better result
Skills
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Experience of Teacher
Experience of teacher affects also the
teaching. After increasing teaching
experience, a teacher learns many new
things in teaching experience which he can
employ in next time teaching. First day
teacher may not effect on students but after
5 years teaching, a teacher can more effect
on students.
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Class – room environment
Class room environment effects
also on teaching. This
environment is made both by
teacher and students.
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Economic Factor
Economic background of teacher and
student is also affected teaching. Even
salary of teacher effects on his thinking
level. Poor and rich students can also
classify economically and sometime
these factors can effect on effective
teaching.
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Administrative policies of school or
college or university
Administrative policies also effect
teaching. Teacher wants to instruct with
his way but administrative policies is not
allowed, so the voice of teach can stop and
effect of teaching may slow in class room.
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Sometime when a teacher teaches
that subject in which he is not
specialized , he can not create any
effect through his teaching but same
teacher can teaches his specialize
subject with better way .
Subject Matter
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What are the expectations of parent on
students? This factor can be defined
psychologically. If parent wants to frame up
his children doctor or engineer and
continually stress on student, sometime
student may not at that rank, so mentally he
can create depression and which can stop
effective teaching of teacher.
Parental expectations
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Factors that May Affect
the
Learning Process
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Intellectual factor:
The term refers to the individual
mental level. Success in school is
generally closely related to level
of the intellect.
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Learning factors:
Factors owing to lack of mastery
of what has been taught, faulty
methods of work or study, and
narrowness of experimental
background may affect the
learning process of any pupil
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Under this group are included such factors
as health, physical development, nutrition,
visual and physical defects, and glandular
abnormality. It is generally recognized that
ill health retards physical and motor
develop-ment, and malnutrition interferes
with learning and physical growth.
Physical factors:
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Attitude falls under mental factors attitudes
are made up of organic and kinesthetic
elements. They are not to be confused with
emotions that are character-ized by internal
visceral disturbances. Attitudes are more or
less of definite sort. They play a large part in
the mental organization and general
behavior of the individual.
Mental factors:
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Personal factors, such as instincts and
emotions, and social factors, such as
cooperation and rivalry, are directly related to
a complex psychology of motivation. It is a
recognized fact that the various responses of
the individual to various kinds of stimuli are
determined by a wide variety of tendencies.
Emotional and social factors:
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The teacher as an individual personality
is an important element in the learning
environ-ment or in the failures and
success of the learner. The way in which
his personality interacts with the
personalities of the pupils being taught
helps to determine the kind of behavior
which emerges from the learning
situation.
Teacher’s Personality:
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Physical conditions needed for learning
is under environmental factor. One of
the factors that affect the efficiency of
learning is the condition in which learn-
ing takes place. This includes the
classrooms, textbooks, equip-ment,
school supplies, and other instructional
materials.
Environmental factor:
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Other factors;
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Existing facilities in the classroom or
school affect teaching learning in the
classroom. With the existence of adequate
facilities, it will be very easy for teachers to
provide an innovative learning system.
Educational Facilities
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Media is a tool that can be used in
teaching learning process in the
classroom. Such as whiteboards,
board markers, rulers, etc. With the
tools, learning in the classroom can
be done.
Teaching Media
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Teaching aids is an aid that can be used in learning
in the classroom. Such of aids is may include
props. This aids that can increase the creativity of
students in learning. Some of the purpose of
teaching aid used in the learning of mathematics,
among others:
a. Make students more understand the concepts
being studied
b. Provide a variety of activities for students
c. Provide a variety of learning methods that
can be used in studying a topic
d. Provide a different atmosphere in the
learning
Teaching Aids
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In teaching and learning mathematics
should teacher use many more
methods provide the opportunity for
students to solve mathematics
problems by using his way. In this
way, it will produce students who are
active, critical, increase interest and
excitement in learning mathematics.
Teaching Method
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Several methods can be used in
mathematics teaching and
learning activities, among others:
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a. Expository Method
b. Discussion Method
c. Exercise Method
d. Demonstration Method
e. Discovery Method
f. Problem Solving Method
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Assessment is the process of collecting
and processing information to
determine student achievement. With
the assessment, the teacher will know
which students who have understood
the material in learning and which
students who have not understood the
material in learning.
Assessment
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The development in technology
also may affect learning system of
students. With the development in
technology can be used to develop
the insight and knowledge of
students.
Technology
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The method that used in teaching
learning process in the classroom is
affecting the activity and creativity of
students in the classroom. Therefore,
teachers are expected to provide an
innovative learning system so that
students will be more involved in
teaching learning in the classroom.
Innovative learning system must be
implemented by teachers from time to
time.
CONCLUSION
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