This presentation holds the various types of bridge construction and its methods in detail with real time examples and the source links are included in each slide.

1. Sr.ALPHONSA PHILIP (19) M.Tech.
PRATHIEK RAJ . T (39)
M.Tech.

2.  Methods of Construction.
 Types of Super Structure.
 Types of functions.
 Types of Connections.
 Elements of the bridge.

3.  Cast-in-situ Method of Bridge Construction.
 Balanced Cantilever Method of Bridge Construction.
 Precast Method of Bridge Construction.
 Span by Span Casting method of Bridge Construction
 Cable-Stayed Method of Bridge Construction
 Arch Method for Bridge Construction
METHOD’s OF BRIDGE
CONSTRUCTION.

4.  Flexible for unusual geometric shapes.
 Transportation constraints.
 Site constraints.
 Cost effective for Solid, Void & ribbed Rft. Slabs.
 Safe from Transportation & Lifting damages.
 YET - Skilled labors, time consuming, danger due to unset when flooding.
 INCREMENTAL LAUNCHING METHOD.
 BALANCED CANTILEVER METHOD.
 C-I-S POST TENSIONED METHOD.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9X3bOh8VE-M
CAST-IN-SITU

5.  Mechanized to save Budget.
 Multi-span Post Tensioned method.
 Piers are built in place.
 One section of bridge is casted.
 Then moved to pier using Jacking mechanism.
 If straight or curved curvature should be constant.
C-I-S INCREMENTAL LAUNCHING

6.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qo294AMGhbg
INCREMENTAL
LAUNCHING CONT..

7.  Needs no temporary str to support.
 Long & Irregular span length.
 Piers are the cantilever here.
 Constructed both sides simultaneously.
C-I-S BALANCED CANTILEVER

8. BALANCED
CANTILEVER CONT..
First ever bridge constructed is in Kochi.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asAZHC2k9_M
 PERI GROUP.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0N3HsFM7oM

9.  Most demanding because of its Durability & applicability to Complex curves.
 Concreted after Strands are arranged.
 Tendons are introduced after hardened.
 Predetermined Tension is applied with jack .
 POST-TENSIONED eliminates the need of intermediate support.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STW2FCWhfPM
C-I-S POST-TENSIONED METHOD.

10.  Pre-cast beams and Decks.
 Same procedure like Incremental launching method.
 Except casted in factory.
 Piers constructed.
 Decks placed connected through Tendon strands
and epoxy resins.
 Placed using movable cranes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=If7MS7ygzcY
PRE-CAST BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

11. BASED ON SUPER STRUCTURE’s.

12.  Aqueduct Bridge
 Viaduct
 Pedestrian Bridge
 Highway Bridge
 Railway Bridge
 Rail-cum-road Bridge
 Pipeline Bridge
BASED ON FUNCTION’s.

13.  Bolted connection.
 Welded connection.
 Riveted connection.
 Deck.
 Abutment.
 Girder.
 Dampers.
 Piers.
 Foundation.
 Site conditions.
BASED ON CONNECTION & ELEMENT’s..

14.  Straight reach of the river.
 Not at narrow bends.
 Topography.
 Catchment area.
 Hydrology.
 Geo-technical data.
 Seismic data.
 Navigation.
 Construction resources.
 Near by bridges.
 Traffic data.
SITE SELECTION.

15. BASED ON SUPER STRUCTURE’s.

16. ARCH BRIDGE
 Economical over inaccessible landscape.
 As no requirement of centering formwork.
If Concrete,
 CAST-IN-SITU.
 SLIP FORMED SECTION.
If Steel,
 Prefab sections.
 Site assembled.
Wikipedia, Chenab Bridge - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1jQ6qLDir8

17.  Springer – Below Deck
 Crown – Above Deck
 By Cantilever from each side
 “SYDNEY HARBOUR BRIDGE” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jy5cZ-
IO0Eg
THROUGH-ARCH BRIDGE

18.  Stringer Bridges.
 Simply supported in nature.
 Could be Rectangular, I-section.
 Most SSB are Beam Bridges.
 Piers constructed, Girders placed on it.
 Ancient railway bridges were Beam Bridges.
 Beams could be Steel girder, Concrete Girder or
made up of Timber as well.
#WikiPedia
BEAM BRIDGE

19.  2 Arches Fixed on ends.
 Steel tendons suspended.
 Crawler cranes – LR 1600 (t).
 Expansion concrete in arches.
 Steel floor beams connected.
 Lattice concrete girder placed.
 Aesthetic finish.
 ” Tenerife Canary islands, Spain”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZ9U9ILLx9A
TIED-ARCH BRIDGE

20.  Girders are hollow box of Trapezoidal or Rectangular shapes.
 Prestressed, steel or Composite girders.
 Preferred method: “Balanced Cantilever”
 Span up to 150m.
#Wikipedia.
BOX-GIRDER BRIDGE

21.  1 or more Tower or Phylon’s.
 Temporary access bridge.
 Sheet piled, Pile foundation, Pile cap.
 Phylon constructed using static cranes.
 Elements moved through a Boat.
 Steel girders placed & locked using cables.
 Lattice girder placed.
 Through a water way.
 Phylon = Compression.
 Cables =Tension.
 “Northern Spire Bridge, UK”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YT0jlNbchf4
CABLE STAYED BRIDGE

22. TIED ARCH CONTD.

23. CANTILEVER BRIDGE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uFYgGrF31U British Railway bridge.
 World’s 6th largest Cantilever bridge is in Kolkata.
 #Wikipedia.

24.  A beam = Girder in large structure.
 Plate and Box girder.
 Ancient bridges for short span.
 Steel girder.
 Plate girder.
 Box girder.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girder_bridge
GIRDER BRIDGE

25.  Ability to accommodate men, boat and Logistics.
 Drawbridges, Vertical-lift bridges,
Transporter bridges and swing Bridge.
 Lower cost as no large piers & long approaches.
 Cantilever Principle is applied.
 Pamban –Crown of Southern Railways.
#Wikipedia.
MOVEABLE BRIDGE

26.  Concrete or steel
 I Section.
 “Stiffeners”
 Web splicing for Web buckling.
 Cross girders for Longitudinal buckling.
 Concrete to steel connection.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8GtyQZ_g9s
PLATE GIRDER BRIDGE

27.  >300m opt this.
 Concrete or steel
 Precast or cast-in-situ.
 Cable from Pylon holds the deck.
 Same construction method as Tied arch.
 The load of is carried by Cables.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZS-iaQ6r-Q8
SUSPENSION BRIDGE

28.  Concrete and Steel.
 Chords.
 Sway Bracing.
 Strut.
 Top Lateral Bracing.
 Girder.
 Bolted.
 Temp. Scaffoldings.
 Patgati Bridge, Madhumati River, Bangladesh.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOa9bU5vTcs
TRUSS BRIDGE

30.  A structure to transport water.
 Navigable aqueducts for transportation.
 Commonly known is Roman Aqueduct.
#Wikipedia
AQUEDUCT

31.  Series of arch, piers.
 Transports road or rail.
 Connects 2 location of same elevation.
 Passes through low terrain, Water, land etc.
 Arch provided are of almost equal length.
 A modern day Viaduct.
#Wikipedia
VIADUCT

32.  Sole purpose to carry human load.
 Constructed like suspension bridge.
 Usually over a water way.
 Its aesthetic now.
Wikipedia.
 Professor. Leroy Gardner 3d printed SS bridge.
Imperial college, London
PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE

33.  Over river or obstacle.
 Constructed only when conventional bridge
Or underground not possible.
 For steady flow – suspension bridge.
 Walkway for maintenance.
 Oil refineries prefer it.
PIPELINE BRIDGE

35.  To transfer live load.
 Provide smooth and safe ride.
CONCRETE
 Composite deck
 Non-composite deck.
STEEL
 Solid steel.
 Steel grid.
TIMBER DECKS
 Plank
 Nailed laminated
 Glued-laminated.
 Stressed-laminated.
DECK’s.

36. JOINTS
 For expansion. * Open & Closed.
OPEN JOINT
 Formed joint
 Finger plate joint
CLOSED JOINT
 Poured seal
 Compression seal
 Closed cell foam
 Modular elastomeric seal
 Asphalt expansion joint
DECK’s.

37.  Transfer load from super to sub structure
 Allow longitudinal movement.
PARTS
 Sole plate
 Masonry plate
 Bearing device
 Anchorage
 TYPES
BEARING’s.

38.  Substructure to hold both ends of a bridge.
 Cantilever abutment
 Stub abutment
 Open abutment
ABUTMENT’s.

39.  Transfer load to foundation
 C-I-S method
 Moveable frame method
 Precast concrete method
TYPES
 Solid shaft Pier
 Column pier
 Column pier with web wall
 Cantilever or hammerhead pier
PIER’s.

40.  Load to earth.
TYPES
 Open or spread foundation.
 Raft foundation.
 Pile foundation.
 Well foundation.
FOUNDATION’s.