2. Material that can change one or
more of its properties in response
to an external stimulus.
For example, the shape of the
material will change in response to
different temperature or application
of electrical charge or presence of
2
magnetic field.
3. In a 'nutshell' smart materials
can change their state, and
therefore their properties, in
response to an external stimulus.
3
4. Most of smart materials have been
discovered around 50 years ago, but
they were not exploited to get the
benefits which they possess.
There is now a huge variety of
smart materials with different
special properties that make a
particular material well suited to
a particular specific use .
4
6. Pizeoelectric materials are able to
convert mechanical energy into
electric energy and vice versa.
Some popularly known piezoelectric
materials are:- Quartz;
Aluminium Nitride; Bariunm
Titanate; Gallium Phosphate; Lead
Zirconate.
6 Piezoelectric Generator.MP4
7. A shape-memory alloy (SMA,)
is an alloy that "remembers" its
original shape and that when
deformed returns to its pre-deformed
shape when heated.
Super elastic behavior in high
temperature.
Shape Memory Alloy.MP4 7
8. These materials exhibit change
in shape under the influence of
magnetic field and also exhibit
change in their magnetization
under the influence of mechanical
stress.
Examples: Cobalt; Terfenol-D 8
9. pH-sensitive polymers are
materials that change in volume
when the pH of the surrounding
medium changes.
There are two kinds of pH
sensitive materials:
acidic group (-COOH, -SO3H). Ex:
Polyacrylic acid
9
10. These materials are commonly
used materials that changes their
colour as a result of changing pH
or say acidity.
Halochromic substances may be
used as indicators to determine
the pH of solutions of unknown pH
10
11. These materials change their
shape when tyey are exposed to
light.
The photomechanical effect was
first documented by ALEXANDER
GRAHAM BELL in 1880. 11
12. Some materials have ability to
heal after being wounded.
Self-healing materials have the
natural ability to repair damage
due to abnormal usage and so
increase the material's useful
lifetime.
Example:- polymers, ceramics
Terminator polymer Scientists create self healing plastic.MP4 12
13. SMART MATERIALS IN
AEROSPACE
SMART MATERIALS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
MECHATRONICS
13
14. Repeated absorption of large amounts
of strain energy under loading without
permanent deformation.
Usable strain range of 70%.
Extraordinary fatigue resistance under
large strain cycles.
Their great durability and reliability in
the long run. 14
15. An aircraft constructed from a
sensual structure has an
advantage of self-checking its
performance to a greater level
than that of current data
recording, and provide ground
crews with improved health and
usage monitoring.
15
16. Include sensual structures
containing optical fibre sensors for
monitoring load history and damage
accumulation in bridges, dams and
aircraft and adaptive structures
containing novel piezoceramic,
electrostrictive, magnetostrictive
and shape memory actuators, for
16
17. The development of true smart
materials at the atomic scale is still
some way off, although the enabling
technologies are under development.
These require novel aspects of
nanotechnology (technologies
associated with materials and
processes at the nanometre scale,
10-9m) and the newly developing
17
18. Worldwide, considerable effort is being
deployed to develop smart materials and
structures.
The technological benefits of such
systems have begun to be identified
and, demonstrators are under
construction for a wide range of
applications from space and aerospace,
to civil engineering and domestic
products. In many of these applications,
the cost benefit analyses of such
18
19. Kumar Dr. Rakesh and Kumar Dr. Ram: ICI
journal; pp. 15-18; April- June 2005.
http://dbtindia.nic.in
Source: Abstracted from Materials World,
vol. 4, pp. 16-18, 1996 “Smart materials:
the emerging technology”.
http://amptial.alionscience.com/products
and services/product.html
http://smart-material.com 19
