Here are 4 discussion posts by classmates from the 495 class that need responses. Responses must be APA format, 150 – 200 words, must have at least 1 verifiable/legitimate source per response, in text citations. Per response Due by Saturday November 23, 2019 @ 12:00 Noon 36 hours. Discussion #1 Post #1 Toby Jaramillo The one think I believe the author was trying to convey in this reading is this.  Obviously problems exist in this world.  Are the problems that exist, are they our problem or do we make them our problem.  When i selected the topic of recruitment and retention.  I do believe it is our problem, not only as a public safety official but also as a regular citizen. When we chose a life of public safety as a public servant, we take an oath or have an obligation to fulfill that public need.  As far as the data to make it a thinkable item, well there are way to prove that.  From our overblown overtime budget to the number of unfilled positions that you are budgeted for.   Also; is this something that needs immediate attention or is something that can be a well thought out plan.  Part of that process is also to discuss how you will implement that plan and how you will monitor its success or weaknesses if any. Reference Arsham, Hossein (n.d.) Leadership Decision Making.  Retrieved from:  http://home.ubalt.edu/ntsbarsh/opre640/partXIII.htm#rbeingThinkable Post#2 Gene Ryan Dr. Arsham (1996) writes that when contemplating if a matter is thinkable, one of the impedances is that “people think with their hopes or fears or wishes rather than with their minds.” In other words, for a problem to be thinkable the analysis must be a logical process and solution. Challenges that are thinkable relay on fact more than emotion. The public safety issue I presented analyzes the implications of societal demand for medical care via the 9-1-1 system. To effectively address the issue, there first must be a genuine understanding of how and when it began. This type of intelligence is not gleaned through a quick or peripheral review, but instead, requires contemplation and analysis. Consistent with this approach is Arsham’s (1996) belief that “Decision[s] does not just happen; it takes reflection and thought.” The pubic safety challenge I have selected requires primarily logical thinking and process analysis. These tools for problem-solving qualify my cited problem as thinkable. Reference Arsham, L. (1996). Leadership Decision Making. Retrieved from http://home.ubalt.edu/ntsbarsh/opre640/partXIII.htm#rbeingThinkable Discussion #2 Post #1 Darryl Duncan My issue reflected in the unmet needs and persistent problems identified by Ruben and Colle, determines that the homeless rate can be improved and decreased but not everyone can be saved. I understand that it's not one of the major issues in the emergency management field but it's still an important issue. Homelessness has not been addressed and researchers need to take this problem more seriously. Lessons have n ...

1. Here are 4 discussion posts by classmates from the 495 class
that need responses. Responses must be APA format, 150 – 200
words, must have at least 1 verifiable/legitimate source per
response, in text citations. Per response Due by Saturday
November 23, 2019 @ 12:00 Noon 36 hours.
Discussion #1
Post #1
Toby Jaramillo
The one think I believe the author was trying to convey in this
reading is this. Obviously problems exist in this world. Are the
problems that exist, are they our problem or do we make them
our problem. When i selected the topic of recruitment and
retention. I do believe it is our problem, not only as a public
safety official but also as a regular citizen.
When we chose a life of public safety as a public servant, we
take an oath or have an obligation to fulfill that public need. As
far as the data to make it a thinkable item, well there are way to
prove that. From our overblown overtime budget to the number
of unfilled positions that you are budgeted for.
Also; is this something that needs immediate attention or is
something that can be a well thought out plan. Part of that
process is also to discuss how you will implement that plan and
how you will monitor its success or weaknesses if any.
Reference
Arsham, Hossein (n.d.) Leadership Decision Making. Retrieved
from:
http://home.ubalt.edu/ntsbarsh/opre640/partXIII.htm#rbeingThi
nkable
Post#2
Gene Ryan
Dr. Arsham (1996) writes that when contemplating if a matter is
thinkable, one of the impedances is that “people think with their
hopes or fears or wishes rather than with their minds.” In other

2. words, for a problem to be thinkable the analysis must be a
logical process and solution. Challenges that are thinkable relay
on fact more than emotion. The public safety issue I presented
analyzes the implications of societal demand for medical care
via the 9-1-1 system. To effectively address the issue, there first
must be a genuine understanding of how and when it began.
This type of intelligence is not gleaned through a quick or
peripheral review, but instead, requires contemplation and
analysis. Consistent with this approach is Arsham’s (1996)
belief that “Decision[s] does not just happen; it takes reflection
and thought.” The pubic safety challenge I have selected
requires primarily logical thinking and process analysis. These
tools for problem-solving qualify my cited problem as
thinkable.
Reference
Arsham, L. (1996). Leadership Decision Making. Retrieved
from http://home.ubalt.edu/ntsbarsh/opre640/partXIII.htm#rbein
gThinkable
Discussion #2
Post #1
Darryl Duncan
My issue reflected in the unmet needs and persistent problems
identified by Ruben and Colle, determines that the homeless
rate can be improved and decreased but not everyone can be
saved. I understand that it's not one of the major issues in the
emergency management field but it's still an important issue.
Homelessness has not been addressed and researchers need to
take this problem more seriously. Lessons have not been
learned, issues have not been resolved and that knowledge
gained the hard way. from the painful experience in actual
disaster due to the person becoming homeless, living in poor
conditions and nothing is being done about it. The six topics
discussed are, long-term recovery, mitigation, federal
emergency management workforce, knowledge base, lessons

3. learned, and decreasing impact on policy and making.
Homelessness is not included but it relates to what the unmet
needs and persistent problems in the emergency management
field. in discussing unmet needs and persistent problems, simply
identifying issues may emphasize how difficult developing the
solution may be depending on the nature of the problem. It is
essential to determine what problems/ issues can be reduced if
not solved by the right ways and means. This is the case
because while some are "manageable" others are more
systematic in nature. We cannot determine how many homeless
individuals will change their surroundings but we can improve
the rate and we cannot criticize the individuals that chose to be
homeless. All we can do is have a positive attitude and try to
improve.
References
Trainor, J., & Subbio, T. (n.d.). critical issues in disaster
science and management. Retrieved from
https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/docs/critical-issues-in-disaster-
science-and-management.pdf
Post #2
Gilberto Cabrera
How is your issue reflected in the unmet needs and persistent
problems identified by Ruben and Colle?
The unmet needs and persistent problems address how difficult
it may be to develop solutions to the identified problem (Rubin
& Colle, 2012). It is crucial to identify issues in public safety,
but it is also important to determine how the problem can be
reduced if not solved. Therefore, I feel the issue of cybercrime
is reflected in the unmet needs and persistent problems through
mitigation.
According to Rubin and Colle (2012), for every dollar spent on
mitigation, four dollars are saved on recovery and response
expenses. Whenever a company encounters a cyber-attack, it is
important to report the incident to law enforcement. Also,
organizations should be in contact with law enforcement when

4. they detect suspicious activities. Sharing information with law
enforcement is essential in the fight against cybercrimes. The
shared information is used to conduct investigations.
However, mitigating cybercrime may be difficult because of
hack attribution. A company may realize that it has been
hacked, but law enforcement may have no idea where the attack
came from (Rubens, 2015). This makes it difficult to identify
the perpetrator. This is, therefore, a persistent problem that
makes it difficult for law enforcement agencies to mitigate
cybercrimes.
References
Rubens, P. (2015). Why is fighting cybercrime so hard?
Retrieved from https://www.esecurityplanet.com/network-
security/why-is-fighting-cybercrime-so-hard.html
Rubin, C.B., & Colle, J. (2012). Unmet needs and persistent
problems. Critical Issues in Disaster Science and Management,
427-448. https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/docs/critical-issues-in-
disaster-science-and-management.pdf
Marketing audit (50% of total grade)
Due date: December 2, 2019 (submitted as a pdf document on
Moodle)
Scope
Identify an entrepreneurial business and carry out a marketing
audit on the organization.
Definition

5. Marketing audit is a systematic and periodic examination of a
company’s environment,
objectives, strategies and activities to determine problem areas
and opportunities and to
recommend a plan of action to improve the company’s
marketing performance (Kotler,
Armstrong, Wong and Saunders, 2008; p. 153).
Objective
Marketing audit seeks to address some of the key issues of the
marketing planning process. It
asks the question “Where are we now? How did we get here?
And where are we heading?”
(Jobber, 2010; p.39).
The results obtained from the marketing audit provides a
compass for the business in the future.
Sample Outline (Use as a guide, you can adapt to suit the
purpose of your marketing
audit)
Title page
Table of contents

6. Executive summary
1.0 Introduction (examples of content can include: Name of
company; Is this B2C or B2B,
Any relevant definitions? Objective of your marketing audit)
2.0 Company background (examples of content can include:
How did you decide that this is
an entrepreneurial company? Industry of operation, when did
the company launch, number
of employees, mission statement, number of employees, number
of towns and cities of
operation)
3.0 Analysis of the business environment
3.1 The macroenvironment (brief introduction and presentation
of the framework or
model you will be using to analyse the macroenvironment. Most
likely will be the
PEST OR PESTEL framework. Analyse these factors and state
whether they
constitute a strength, weakness, opportunity or threat to the
business)
3.1.1 Political environment
3.1.2 Economic environment

7. 3.1.3 Social-cultural environment
3.1.4 Technological environment
3.2 The Microenvironment (brief introduction of this subsection
can include
definition of microenvironment and the factors that will be
covered in your audit.
Create subsections for the microenvironment you want to
analyse and present the
analysis accordingly).
4.0 The organization’s marketing mix (if you are using the 8ps,
state why. If you are using
5ps, state why. Ensure you use the right combination of the
marketing mix. For example,
you cannot be examining a company that offers both products
and services using the 5ps.
Create the subsections for each factor of the 5/8ps and discuss
in detail. You can use tables
to list all products and/or services. It may add value if you
identify the product-mix width
and a product-line length. Use diagrams if available and state
the references for the pictures,

8. figures or diagrams.
5.0 Segmentation, targeting and positioning (Provide good
introduction for all new
sections). Example of a good introduction is presented below.
This section will analyse the segmentation, targeting and
positioning for company
XXX. Although it is desirable that all customers be treated
specially with the perfect
product for each individual, unfortunately, this is not often
realistic (Solomon et al.,
2009). Hence, the need to fragment market into segments.
The introduction above is just for illustration. Do not use it in
your audit; it will be
regarded as plagiarism. Create your own introduction.
Create subsections and discuss in detail what your company
does in regards to STP.
Answer sections such as: What segment of the market is each
product/service targeting?
What variables were taken into consideration for the
segmentation? What targeting strategy
does the company use? How effective has this been for the
company?

9. 6.0 Recommendations and conclusions (This is your opportunity
to state your own opinion.
In the audit, you have answered: where are we now and how did
we get here? In your
recommendation, you need to answer the question “where are
we heading?”). Present
compelling arguments.
It is important that you use a model/framework to guide your
discussion in the
recommendation section. Use a framework for business growth
or business strategy
such as Ansoff Matrix or SWOT analysis. Consider the
weaknesses and threats of the
macro and micro environment of the organization and discuss
how these can be
converted into strengths and opportunities.
References (Ensure that in-text citations are relevant and
properly presented. List of references
must also be complete and consistent)
Appendix (can include evidence of primary and secondary data
collection)

10. Useful links are provided below (USE ONLY AS A GUIDE,
YOU WILL BE PENALIZED
IF YOU COPY)
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/marketing-audit-
for-coca-cola-enterprises-marketing-
essay.php
https://www.coursehero.com/file/30103767/Marketing-Coca-
Cola-2018docx/
Additional instructions
organization, you will lose marks.
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/marketing-audit-
for-coca-cola-enterprises-marketing-essay.php
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/marketing-audit-
for-coca-cola-enterprises-marketing-essay.php
https://www.coursehero.com/file/30103767/Marketing-Coca-
Cola-2018docx/