There are two Discussion Boards and a Reflection Discussion for a .docx

There are two Discussion Boards and a Reflection Discussion
for a total of three things to complete, must be answered
thoroughly. Must be APA format, answer thoroughly, must have
at least 1-2 verifiable legitimate sources per discussion post and
reflection discussion.250+ words needed per discussion and
reflection post answering thoroughly. Due Thursday November
7, 2019. By8 AM EST. 36 hours. Plagiarism Free.
Discussion #1
Describe how you believe a "problem-solving culture" is
established in a public safety organization.
Discussion #2
Read:
http://patimes.org/considerations-public-administrators-
rainbow/
Blessett states "Whatever your reason is for being drawn to this
profession, please consider that the work you do does not just
affect you, but informs the interactions, impressions and
expectations of public servants overall."
How do we reflect this goal in the day-to-day administration of
a public safety organization?
#3
Program Outcome Two Reflection Discussion
Discussion Topic
The Program Outcome Reflections project requires you to
reflect on each of the five Public Safety Administration
Program Outcomes demonstrating a comprehension of the
concept(s), and indicating how the PSAD curriculum provided
you the knowledge and skills (process or application of
knowledge) to master the outcome.
You will address each outcome individually in a 250-word
reflection posted as a discussion topic. You should respond to
the postings of at least two fellow students. Reflections on the

individual program outcomes will include:
· Your understanding of the concept;
· How you feel the curriculum provided you with the knowledge
and skills to meet the outcome;
· What courses and activities in the curriculum addressed the
concepts of the outcome.
The outcome for this assignment is:
· Use informed decision making, goal orientation, teamwork,
ethical behavior, enhanced technology, and communications to
ensure effective leadership in public safety administration.
Class Material
"Problem Solving and Decision Making"
http://www.studygs.net/problem/
· "Defining the Problem/Gathering Information"
http://www.studygs.net/problem/problemsolvingv1.htm
· "Identifying and Structuring Problems"
http://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/problem-solving2.html
Module 2: Identify Issues or Challenges
Each public safety administrator needs to evaluate his or her
environment to determine the major issues. Once identified,
each issue must be analyzed, recommendations determined, and
solutions implemented and reviewed. Your comprehensive case
study capstone project will focus on each area.
Your first paper is an individual project where you will identify
an issue or challenge. We have looked at issues facing public
safety leaders. The most important point is to identify an issue
or problem before it becomes an even bigger problem.
Many problems can be solved on an individual basis. For
example, let's say the fire station doors are leaking. Possible
solutions include patching the leaks, putting a bucket under the
leak, or replacing the doors. Is there money in the budget for
buckets, patches, or new doors? Who will do the work? Is there

a rush to decide on a solution (big leak vs. little leak)? Once
these questions are answered, the station officer can then write
a check for new doors, find an empty bucket, or borrow
patching material from a firefighter who repairs homes on off
days.
Other decisions are more systemic, complex, and may require
more analysis and evaluation. This could require hiring a
consultant, forming a committee, or handing off the problem to
a subordinate or a support department within your organization.
You'll be spending a bit of time on your case study, as each part
builds on the other, so be sure to choose a topic that will sustain
your interest. You can find ideas for your research topic by
using the following strategies and resources:
· Scan your other class readings for topic ideas and suggestions.
· Draw on what you have read or seen recently that interests
you.
· Select an issue that affects your department or other public
safety entity.
· Use a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats)
posture to evaluate situations that may weaken your
organization.
The most common problem with many undergraduate case
studies is a topic that is too broad. Rather than writing about
cybersecurity, immigration, weather disasters, or any other
broad subject, find a specific issue within this broader topic to
write about.
To help in identifying a problem, Mauffette-Leenders, Erskine,
& Leenders (1997) suggest asking these questions:
1. How do I know that this is a problem? Note that by asking
this question, you will be helping to differentiate the symptoms
of the problem from the problem itself.
2. What are the immediate issues that need to be addressed?
This helps to differentiate between issues that can be resolved
within the context of the case, and those that are bigger issues
that needed to be addressed at another time.
3. Differentiate between importance and urgency for the issues

identified. Some issues may appear to be urgent, but upon
closer examination are relatively unimportant, while others may
be far more important than urgent. You want to deal with
important issues in order of urgency to keep focused on your
objective (Defining the Issue/Problem Statement in Learning
with Cases)
Make sure you are not identifying a solution instead of the
problem. An example from FEMA's IS-241A course gives a
good example of this:
· Someone might say, "The problem is that we don't have an
EOC." The problem is not that there is no EOC.
· The problem is that the emergency management community
cannot coordinate communications adequately during the
response phase.
· Establishing an EOC is a solution. (FEMA, 2011)
This web page provides guidance on how to acquire needed
information and this web page describes how to identify issues
and problems. Your readings for Week 2 gave you ideas on
some current issues. Identifying a specific issue can be
difficult, as there are many to choose from. Your readings for
Week 3 will help you with a problem definition.
Your organization must be conducive to problem solving, and
you as a leader can and must ensure this. It is important to build
a culture in which everyone feels empowered to address
problems, assist in solution suggestions, and work toward
solutions and implementation.
The paper Create a Problem Solving Culture focuses on the
"executive suite" and the business world, but remember that you
are the executive suite leader in charge of your business,
whether it is the fire, police, EMS department, the emergency
manager of a town or county, or a border patrol division. You
are the executive leader even if your jurisdiction is a small part
of a bigger organization. It is not about the size of your
kingdom, but how you lead others down the path of good,
ethical decision making.
It is important to have a solid foundation with problem/issue

identification before looking for solutions. As noted
businessman Malcolm Forbes once stated, "It's so much easier
to suggest solutions when you don't know too much about the
problem."
Discussion One
There are wicked problems in the society today and they are
characterized by stakeholders having different ways of
understanding a problem. The stakeholders at the same time
have varying ways of seeing the world. The solution which
comes up is dependent on how the problem is devised and vice
versa (Head & Alford, 2015). The different stakeholder
perspectives are a major problem to public safety administrators
today. There are several current issues in law enforcement and
interaction which bring the issue of wicked problems more
openly and it is thus viewed as controversial. The approach to
an issue can make it difficult to get the necessary support from
the community and from the government (Head & Alford,
2015). The manmade disasters such as terrorist attacks are a
controversial matter to deal with. The terrorists will come into
the country either legally or illegally and live with the other
people in the community. Policies to flush them from the
community are often seen as being an obvious method of
attacking the Muslim religion. The public safety administrator
will lack the necessary support from host communities because
they might perceive this as a way of attacking their religion.
The administrator, therefore, has to come up with an approach
which ensures that everyone views this in the right manner.
When it comes to the issue of active shooters, gang ownership
has been a controversial topic in the United States for a long
time. There are people who view guns as dangerous and should
not be in the hands of civilians. There are also those who are
pro-gun ownership. These two groups will view the same
situation differently and a public administrator might be caught
in the middle when looking at effective ways of maintaining

safety in the community.
References
Head, B. W., & Alford, J. (2015). Wicked problems:
Implications for public policy and management. Administration
& society, 47(6), 711-739.
Discussion Two
The public safety administrator has various roles which they
play both in the community and in the agencies. They have a
significant role in addressing the issues which come to affect
the areas which they are in. The public administration involves
getting a lot of work done by those in the various agencies and
departments. One of their core responsibilities is coordinating
the efforts of the various people involved. The public safety
administrator will work together with everyone else involved to
ensure that they direct, manage, and supervise the work that is
being carried out (Box, 2015). There are thousands and
sometimes more people who are under the public safety
administrators and they must ensure that everyone is carrying
out their duties effectively. The public safety administrator
came in to help deal with the problem of various departments
working separately. There Isa time when the police, fire, and
medical services were working largely indecently. Today, they
need to work together to ensure that the threats to public safety
are controlled. The public safety administrator, therefore, must
provide leadership both within the department and outside when
approaching key issues that arise. It is the public safety
administrator who will take the core role in making sure all
parties are taking their duties seriously. Issues which might
come up within the agency or between the agency and others
must be immediately dealt with to ensure that the interest of the
public is upheld. The role of the public administrator in the
department is also to ensure that there is no political
interference in the work of safety so that politicians do not
circumvent the checks and balances.

References
Box, R. C. (2015). Democracy and public administration.
Routledge.
Reflection
The first Public Safety Administration Program outcome that is
discussed this week is the facilitating and supporting of
leadership in the administration of public safety. The outcome
is derived from the ability to manage successful programs which
can go through various agencies, government levels, and
disciplines. It is important for public administrators to be able
to manage the successful programs to deal with such programs
and leadership opportunities. These programs are critical both
in the short term and long term to ensure the best outcome for
the public which is the core role in public safety. I believe that
the curriculum this week has given me the skills and knowledge
to meet this important outcome. The first thing that I have
learned this week is the concept of wicked problems. These are
problems which are difficult to deal with for the public
administrators because of the various strong views which are
held by different stakeholders (Head & Alford, 2015). It is
important to learn such a concept because one will understand
the situations that they face in a more comprehensive manner
and approach with understanding. When one is reaching out to
various agencies and disciplines, they need to be aware of
differences that exist. Appreciation of the differences is what
leads to successful intergovernmental programs. A program will
not be successful if there is little or no understanding of the
issues involved. The activities of the week have also helped me
in knowing the core responsibility of the public safety
administrator in addressing issues that affect the department,
the discipline, and the various agencies. Understanding of roles
is critical in successful management of programs and agencies.
References
Head, B. W., & Alford, J. (2015). Wicked problems:

Implications for public policy and management. Administration
& society, 47(6), 711-739.
There are two Discussion Boards and a Reflection Discussion
for a total of three things to complete, must be answered
thoroughly. Must be APA format, answer thoroughly, must have
at least 1-2 verifiable legitimate sources per discussion post and
reflection discussion.250+ words needed per discussion and
reflection post answering thoroughly. Due Thursday November
7, 2019. By8 AM EST. 36 hours. Plagiarism Free.
Discussion #1
Describe how you believe a "problem-solving culture" is
established in a public safety organization.
Discussion #2
Read:
http://patimes.org/considerations-public-administrators-
rainbow/
Blessett states "Whatever your reason is for being drawn to this
profession, please consider that the work you do does not just
affect you, but informs the interactions, impressions and
expectations of public servants overall."
How do we reflect this goal in the day-to-day administration of
a public safety organization?
#3
Program Outcome Two Reflection Discussion
Discussion Topic
The Program Outcome Reflections project requires you to
reflect on each of the five Public Safety Administration
Program Outcomes demonstrating a comprehension of the
concept(s), and indicating how the PSAD curriculum provided
you the knowledge and skills (process or application of
knowledge) to master the outcome.
You will address each outcome individually in a 250-word

reflection posted as a discussion topic. You should respond to
the postings of at least two fellow students. Reflections on the
individual program outcomes will include:
· Your understanding of the concept;
· How you feel the curriculum provided you with the knowledge
and skills to meet the outcome;
· What courses and activities in the curriculum addressed the
concepts of the outcome.
The outcome for this assignment is:
· Use informed decision making, goal orientation, teamwork,
ethical behavior, enhanced technology, and communications to
ensure effective leadership in public safety administration.
Class Material
"Problem Solving and Decision Making"
http://www.studygs.net/problem/
· "Defining the Problem/Gathering Information"
http://www.studygs.net/problem/problemsolvingv1.htm
· "Identifying and Structuring Problems"
http://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/problem-solving2.html
Module 2: Identify Issues or Challenges
Each public safety administrator needs to evaluate his or her
environment to determine the major issues. Once identified,
each issue must be analyzed, recommendations determined, and
solutions implemented and reviewed. Your comprehensive case
study capstone project will focus on each area.
Your first paper is an individual project where you will identify
an issue or challenge. We have looked at issues facing public
safety leaders. The most important point is to identify an issue
or problem before it becomes an even bigger problem.
Many problems can be solved on an individual basis. For
example, let's say the fire station doors are leaking. Possible
solutions include patching the leaks, putting a bucket under the

leak, or replacing the doors. Is there money in the budget for
buckets, patches, or new doors? Who will do the work? Is there
a rush to decide on a solution (big leak vs. little leak)? Once
these questions are answered, the station officer can then write
a check for new doors, find an empty bucket, or borrow
patching material from a firefighter who repairs homes on off
days.
Other decisions are more systemic, complex, and may require
more analysis and evaluation. This could require hiring a
consultant, forming a committee, or handing off the problem to
a subordinate or a support department within your organization.
You'll be spending a bit of time on your case study, as each part
builds on the other, so be sure to choose a topic that will sustain
your interest. You can find ideas for your research topic by
using the following strategies and resources:
· Scan your other class readings for topic ideas and suggestions.
· Draw on what you have read or seen recently that interests
you.
· Select an issue that affects your department or other public
safety entity.
· Use a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats)
posture to evaluate situations that may weaken your
organization.
The most common problem with many undergraduate case
studies is a topic that is too broad. Rather than writing about
cybersecurity, immigration, weather disasters, or any other
broad subject, find a specific issue within this broader topic to
write about.
To help in identifying a problem, Mauffette-Leenders, Erskine,
& Leenders (1997) suggest asking these questions:
1. How do I know that this is a problem? Note that by asking
this question, you will be helping to differentiate the symptoms
of the problem from the problem itself.
2. What are the immediate issues that need to be addressed?
This helps to differentiate between issues that can be resolved
within the context of the case, and those that are bigger issues

that needed to be addressed at another time.
3. Differentiate between importance and urgency for the issues
identified. Some issues may appear to be urgent, but upon
closer examination are relatively unimportant, while others may
be far more important than urgent. You want to deal with
important issues in order of urgency to keep focused on your
objective (Defining the Issue/Problem Statement in Learning
with Cases)
Make sure you are not identifying a solution instead of the
problem. An example from FEMA's IS-241A course gives a
good example of this:
· Someone might say, "The problem is that we don't have an
EOC." The problem is not that there is no EOC.
· The problem is that the emergency management community
cannot coordinate communications adequately during the
response phase.
· Establishing an EOC is a solution. (FEMA, 2011)
This web page provides guidance on how to acquire needed
information and this web page describes how to identify issues
and problems. Your readings for Week 2 gave you ideas on
some current issues. Identifying a specific issue can be
difficult, as there are many to choose from. Your readings for
Week 3 will help you with a problem definition.
Your organization must be conducive to problem solving, and
you as a leader can and must ensure this. It is important to build
a culture in which everyone feels empowered to address
problems, assist in solution suggestions, and work toward
solutions and implementation.
The paper Create a Problem Solving Culture focuses on the
"executive suite" and the business world, but remember that you
are the executive suite leader in charge of your business,
whether it is the fire, police, EMS department, the emergency
manager of a town or county, or a border patrol division. You
are the executive leader even if your jurisdiction is a small part
of a bigger organization. It is not about the size of your
kingdom, but how you lead others down the path of good,

ethical decision making.
It is important to have a solid foundation with problem/issue
identification before looking for solutions. As noted
businessman Malcolm Forbes once stated, "It's so much easier
to suggest solutions when you don't know too much about the
problem."

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