This document describes a day in the life of a smart, sustainable "GREEN" building that utilizes automated systems and real-time data to optimize energy usage and reduce costs. Key features and events during the day include pre-cooling the building at night to take advantage of cheaper electricity rates, automatically charging electric vehicles when renewable energy is abundant on the grid, detecting and quickly addressing mechanical issues, and reducing power demand during peak rate periods by adjusting lighting and temperatures and leveraging IT systems. The building aims to be resilient, efficient, energy positive and grid-responsive through these networked, smart technologies and strategies.

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The Future of Sustainable Buildings
A Day in the Life of a Smart GREEN Building
Clay Nesler
Vice President, Global Energy and Sustainability
Johnson Controls
Milwaukee, WI USA
clay.g.nesler@jci.com

2. © 2014 Copyright Johnson Controls, Inc. All rights reserved.
Johnson Controls, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential Information. Any unauthorized use, copying or distribution is strictly prohibited.2
The 2014 Energy Efficiency Indicator
included 687 executive decision
makers from North America
Energy Efficiency Indicator Research

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Energy Efficiency Indicator Research
How
important is
energy
management
to your
company?
For eight years, the importance
of energy management has
grown dramatically

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Energy Efficiency Indicator Research
Over the next 12
months, will your
company’s investment
in energy efficiency or
renewable energy
increase, decrease, or
stay the same?
of executives report their energy efficiency and
renewables investment will increase in next 12 months68%

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Grid-Responsive
Resilient
Efficient
Energy Positive
Networked
Moving from green to GREEN buildings

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Source: LBNL
Grid Responsive
of United States organizations participated in demand
management programs70%
Capacity
3 year
forward
contracts
Energy
Hourly
markets
Spinning
Reserves
10 minute
response
Regulation
1 – 4
second
response
The need for automation increases

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Resilient
1. Reduce the initial damage to
building systems and infrastructure
2. Improve the reliability of emergency
backup systems
3. Support limited critical services for
extended periods of time
4. Upgrade selected buildings to
provide critical community services
5. Use passive design principles to
increase building resilience
6. Use distributed generation &
microgrids to increase resilience
Installed or plan to install distributed
generation with reliable fuel sources to
provide power for extended periods
51%
Installed or plan to install solar panels with a
secure grid disconnect mechanism to use as
an emergency back-up system
39%

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Efficient
Achieved or intend to achieve
green building certification in at
least one facility– up from 54%
69%

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of organizations intend to achieve nearly zero,
net zero, or positive energy status for at least
one facility
68%
Energy Positive

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Energy Positive

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Networked
Smart Buildings rated 2nd
most likely to increase in market adoption over the next ten years

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Building
Profile Electricity
Price
(¢/kWh)
Building
Power
Demand
(W/sf)
Power
Price
(¢/kWh)
A Day in the Life of a Smart GREEN Building

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Power
Demand
(W/sf)
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Price
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8:00 pm
Smart planning for tomorrow
• System accesses tomorrow’s
weather forecast
• Real time price forecasts are
received from the electric utility
• System schedules night time ice
storage generation
93°F
94°F
97°F
98°F
98°F
98°F
98°F
98°F
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Profile Electricity
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Power
Demand
(W/sf)
Power
Price
(¢/kWh)
12:00 am
Smart charging of EV fleet
• Optimized off-peak charging of
electric fleet vehicles
• System accesses real-time grid
status and wind energy forecasts
• Charging is timed to coincide with
excess renewable energy supply
on the grid

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Power
Demand
(W/sf)
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Price
(¢/kWh)
2:00 am
Pre-cool building mass
• At the optimal time, the building
mass is pre-cooled to the lower
end of the comfort zone
• Throughout the day, the room set
points are adjusted to “release”
the storage energy

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Power
Demand
(W/sf)
Power
Price
(¢/kWh)
4:00 am
Chiller fault detected
• On-board diagnostics determines a chiller
valve has failed
• System calculates costs associated with this
fault based on real time price forecasts
• System auto-generates a work order and
notifies facility manager by smart phone

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Building
Power
Demand
(W/sf)
Power
Price
(¢/kWh)
7:00 am
Chiller repaired
• Service technician arrives after being
dispatched automatically
• Technician quickly fixes problem knowing
the source and the new parts required
• Repair allows system to generate enough
ice prior to spike in prices anticipated later in
the afternoon

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Profile Electricity
Price
(¢/kWh)
Building
Power
Demand
(W/sf)
Power
Price
(¢/kWh)
8:00 am
Employees plug in vehicles
• Electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles recharge
when real time price of electricity is low
• Smart charging supports voltage
regulation for the local utility
• Purchase or sale of power to building is
automatically factored into payroll system

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Power
Demand
(W/sf)
Power
Price
(¢/kWh)
9:00 am
Meeting space is ready to go
• The building management system
prepares the conference room for a
meeting with 15 people
• Occupancy and CO2 sensors provide an
override in the case less or more people
attend the meeting

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Power
Demand
(W/sf)
Power
Price
(¢/kWh)
10:00 am
Analyst calls for sustainability data
• An analyst asks the CFO about the
organization’s sustainability commitments
• Sustainability dashboard provides access to
carbon emissions data for the most recent
quarter and annual carbon reductions

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Power
Price
(¢/kWh)
11:00 am
Utility power price triggers automatic
demand reduction
• The price for electricity from 12pm-2pm exceeds
the threshold pre-defined by the university
• The following actions to reduce power demand are
taken:
§ reset space temps by 2°F
§ slowly dim lighting 20% in occupant spaces
§ dispatch ice storage cooling
• Actions and impact reported back to utility

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Power
Demand
(W/sf)
Power
Price
(¢/kWh)
1:00 pm
Lighting and blinds adjust to
ambient conditions
• Automated lighting system reduces indoor
lighting energy when there is sufficient
natural day light available
• Automated blinds track sun position and
adjust to maximize natural lighting and
reduce glare

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(W/sf)
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Price
(¢/kWh)
2:00 pm
Automated demand reductions leverage
IT system integration
• System alerts employees via email or text
message to unplug their laptops and run on
battery power from 2-4pm
• PC power management software agent
automatically reduces desktop power
consumption
• Computing load is reduced for non-production
servers and non-critical tasks are deferred

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Power
Demand
(W/sf)
Power
Price
(¢/kWh)
3:00 pm
Cloud cover causes solar
photovoltaic generation to drop
• Building receives a demand limiting signal
from utility during the 2pm -5pm period.
• When cloud cover causes solar production
to drop, system uses on-site electric
storage to meet demand reduction goal
• Combination of distributed generation,
electric and thermal storage and vehicle
charging is used to control the load profile

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(¢/kWh)
Building
Power
Demand
(W/sf)
Power
Price
(¢/kWh)
4:00 pm
Facility Director checks savings
from energy efficiency projects
• System develops statistical model of
building energy performance based on
weather and occupancy
• Energy savings from retrofit projects
and operational improvements are
tracked daily on a “negawatt meter” and
over time

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Demand
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Power
Price
(¢/kWh)
5:00 pm
Leaving the office
• As an employees badges out, the system
automatically turns off the lights and puts
their computer into stand-by
• When he arrives to parking deck, his plug-in
electric vehicle has been charged just
enough for him to get home

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Demand
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Power
Price
(¢/kWh)
6:00 pm
Controlling the workspace and
building based on occupancy
• Individualized control at the workstation
and office level allows lighting and HVAC
to be optimized based on occupancy and
personal preferences
• Tracking occupancy over time allows
optimization of workspace design and
office layout

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Building
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Demand
(W/sf)
Power
Price
(¢/kWh)
7:00 pm
End of the workday
• System controls lighting and HVAC
to follow the janitorial staff
throughout the building
• Video surveillance system counts
occupants remaining after hours and
adjusts temperature set points and
lighting

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(¢/kWh)
8:00 pm
Leaving on vacation
• Facility Director makes one last
check of building status across the
enterprise before leaving for
vacation
• While gone, all alarms and alerts are
automatically routed to alternative
contacts
• The Facility Director can log in to the
system remotely from any internet
enabled device, but won’t…

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