1. EM UNIVERSITY OF HELWAN
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
‫اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬
plumbing
Assis. Prof. Dr. Abbas Eladawy
Lecture 2

2. ‫‪ENVIRO MATARYIA‬‬
‫‪EM‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻤﺎط اﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬
‫١(ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط )ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻰ- ﺗﺠﺎرى-ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻰ - إﻟﺦ(‬
‫٢(اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻰ ﻟﻸﻓﺮاد‬
‫٣(ﺣﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﻤﻐﺬﻳﻪ واﻟﻌﺪادات‬
‫٤(اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎدى‬
‫٥(اﻟﻔﻮاﻗﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت )ﻓﻰ اﻟﻘﺎهﺮﻩ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺪود ٠٣ %(‬
‫٦(ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﻪ‬
‫٧(اﺳﺘﻤﺮارﻳﻪ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ)ﺷﺒﻜﺎت ﻣﻴﺎﻩ أو ﺣﻨﻔﻴﺎت ﻣﺠﻤﻌﺔ(‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

3. ‫‪ENVIRO MATARYIA‬‬
‫‪EM‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻت اﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻌﺪﻻت اﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ‬
‫واﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﺸﺎﻏﻠﻴﻪ وﻣﺪي ﺗﻮاﻓﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻻت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ وآﺬﻟﻚ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ .‬
‫ﻳﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﺪول رﻗﻢ )١ - ١( اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

4. ENVIRO MATARYIA
EM
7 November 2007 Lecture 2

5. ‫‪ENVIRO MATARYIA‬‬
‫‪EM‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫١(اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﺋﺴﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺄ )دﺧﻮل اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ( ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﺧﺰان‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻹﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻰ ﻷﺷﻬﺮ اﻟﺼﻴﻒ =‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺸﻬﺮى = 5.1 اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺴﻨﻮى‬
‫٢(اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﺋﺴﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺄ )دﺧﻮل اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ( ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد‬
‫ﺧﺰان ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر أﻗﺼﻰ ﺗﺼﺮف ﺳﺎﻋﻪ = 5.1 اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻰ‬
‫٣(ﻣﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻟﻜﻞ وﺣﺪﻩ ﺳﻜﻨﻴﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﻗﺼﻰ ﺗﺼﺮف‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ آﻞ اﻷﺣﻮال‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

6. ‫‪ENVIRO MATARYIA‬‬
‫‪EM‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺷﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫١(ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎن وﻣﺮﺗﺎدى اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬
‫٢(ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ )داﺋﻤﻪ – ﻣﺘﻘﻄﻌﻪ- وﺟﻮد ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ(‬
‫٣(ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ ﺣﻨﻔﻴﺎت ﺣﺮﻳﻖ رﺋﻴﺴﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻮارع ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﻨﺰل ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫٤(ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎرﻩ‬
‫٥(ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﺪد اﻷﺟﻬﺰﻩ ﺑﻜﻞ وﺣﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻟﺪراﺳﻪ اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬
‫اﻷﺟﻬﺰﻩ )ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات(‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

7. ‫‪ENVIRO MATARYIA‬‬
‫‪EM‬‬
‫أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫١.ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺎﺳﻮرﻩ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﻪ واﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫• ﺣﺴﺎب اﻹﺳﺘﻬﻼآﺎت‬
‫• ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت‬
‫• ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ) وﺟﻮد اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ(‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

8. ‫‪ENVIRO MATARYIA‬‬
‫‪EM‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫٢.ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ داﺧﻞ دورات ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات وﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ:-‬
‫• اﻋﺪاد اﻻﺟﻬﺰﻩ‬
‫• اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ واﻟﺒﺎرد‬
‫• اﻗﻞ اﻗﻄﺎر ﻣﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮى )ﺟﺪول ٢-١(.‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

9. ‫‪ENVIRO MATARYIA‬‬
‫‪EM‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ -: )ﻟﻠﺨﻂ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ(‬
‫‪Q= A*V‬‬
‫‪ = Q‬اﻟﺘﺼﺮف م٣ / ث‬
‫‪ = A‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
‫‪ = V‬اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ م / ث‬
‫وﺗﺘﺮاوح اﻟﺴﺮﻋﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ) ‪ ( 0.8 – 2.1 m‬وﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ 1 م /ث‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﻪ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻤﺮاﻋﺎﻩ ﻓﻮاﻗﺪ اﻵﺣﺘﻜﺎك واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺰﻳﺎدﻩ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﻪ.‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

10. ‫‪ENVIRO MATARYIA‬‬
‫‪EM‬‬
‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎر ان اﻟﺘﺼﺮف اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺄﻩ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻲ اﺳﺎس‬
‫اﻗﺼﻲ ﺗﺼﺮف ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن وﻣﻊ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺳﺮﻋﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل = ١ م /ث ) ﻣﻊ اﻹﺣﺎﻃﻪ ﺑﺄن ﻟﻴﺲ آﻞ اﻷﺟﻬﺰﻩ او‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم آﺎﻓﻪ اﻟﺪورات ﻓﻲ أن واﺣﺪ وﻳﻘﺪر ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬
‫ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ ٠٤ ـ٠٧ % اﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻵﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب(‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

11. ‫‪ENVIRO MATARYIA‬‬
‫‪EM‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻜﺮوآﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﻪ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫وﺟﻮد ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﻴﻪ وﻣﻀﺨﺎت واﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻓﻲ هﺬا‬
‫اﻟﺸﺄن‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

12. ‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

13. ‫ﻧﻤﻮذج اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻊ وﺿﻊ ﺧﺰان ﺳﺤﺐ‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

14. ‫اﻷﺑﺮاج وإﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻪ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﻪ اﻟﺠﺰﺋﻴﻪ )ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻪ‬
‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺰان ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺤﺎﺑﺲ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ(‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

15. ‫‪ENVIRO MATARYIA‬‬
‫‪EM‬‬
‫اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ﺗﻮاﻓﺮهﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺧﻂ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﻐﺬى واﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬
‫١.ﺗﻮاﻓﺮ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ:‬
‫• ﻣﺤﺒﺲ ﺳﻜﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫• ﻣﺤﺒﺲ ﻋﺪم رﺟﻮع )ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻻت اﻧﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ(‬
‫• ﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫• وﺻﻠﺔ ﺣﻨﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ )ﻻآﻮر ﺳﺮﻳﻊ وﺣﻨﻔﻴﻪ أرﺿﻴﻪ(‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

16. ‫‪ENVIRO MATARYIA‬‬
‫‪EM‬‬
‫اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ﺗﻮاﻓﺮهﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺧﻂ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﻐﺬى واﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬
‫١.آﻞ وﺻﻠﻪ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﻪ ﻟﺪور أو ﻟﻮﺣﺪة ﺳﻜﻨﻴﻪ ﺗﺰود ﺑﻤﺤﺒﺲ ﺳﻜﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫٢.آﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﻪ ﻟﻌﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﻬﺰﻩ ﺗﺰود ﺑﻤﺤﺒﺲ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫٣.اﻟﻌﺰل واﻟﺪهﺎن اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻰ‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

17. 7 November 2007 Lecture 2

18. ‫‪ENVIRO MATARYIA‬‬
‫‪EM‬‬
‫اﻧﻮاع ﻣﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ )داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄت(‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس اﻷﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﻔﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻚ‬
‫ﻳﺠﺐ ان ﺗﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﻪ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ.‬
‫ﺗﻌﺰل اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﺑﺎﻟﺪهﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮاﻳﻤﺮ واﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﻼﺟﻬﺰﻩ.‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻻرض ﺗﺪهﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺘﻮﻣﻴﻦ وﺗﻐﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻴﺶ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮن ﺛﻢ ﻳﻌﺎد‬
‫دهﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺘﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﻩ اﺧﺮي او ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺰﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻠﺼﻖ ﺗﺘﺮاآﺐ ﻓﻮق‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار آﺎﻓﻲ.‬
‫7002 ‪7 November‬‬ ‫2 ‪Lecture‬‬

19. ENVIRO MATARYIA
EM
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
7 November 2007 Lecture 2