Advanced Medical Sciences: An International Journal (AMS)

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Advanced Medical Science: An International Journal (AMS) is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access journal that publishes articles on advances in all areas of medical science. The goal is to bring together researchers and practitioners to share research results, projects, and experiences that describe significant progress in fields like cardiology, clinical sciences, alternative medicine, and more. Authors are invited to submit original papers through the journal's online submission system by the upcoming deadline of May 14, 2022.

Science

Important Dates
• Submission Deadline: May 14, 2022
• Authors Notification: June 14, 2022
• Registration & camera – Ready Paper Due: June 22, 2022
Contact Us
Here's where you can reach us: ams_journal@yahoo.com & ams_journal@airccse.com
For other details : https://airccse.com/ams/index.html
Paper Submission System: https://airccse.com/submission/home.html

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Power Control in Mobile Ad Hoc networks is a critical issue, since nodes are powered by batteries.The main idea of power control schemes is to use different power levels for RTS/CTS and DATA/ACK. These schemes may degrade network throughput and reduce energy efficiency of the network. In this paper we have evaluated the performance of Improved Autonomous Power Control MAC Protocol (IAPCMP),that allows nodes to dynamically adjust power levels for transmission of DATA/ACK according to the distance between the transmitter and its neighbors.In IAPCMP power level for transmission of RTS/CTS is also adjustable. This also used maximum power level for transmitting DATA/ACK periodically to make neighboring nodes aware about ongoing transmission. The performance of IAPCMP is evaluated through the metrics namely, packet delivery ratio and rate of energy efficiency.The simulation results show significant improvement in protocol.

Performance Analysis of Improved Autonomous Power Control Mac Protocol (IAPCM...

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In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview on Ad hoc networking by directional antennas. Use of Directional antennas can largely reduce the interference, increase the spatial reuse and due to their longer range we can have routes with fewer hop for two distant nodes. However the main problem of using directional antennas in Ad hoc networks is due to the dynamic nature of the network. Neighbour discovery, maintenance the track of moving neighbours, exploitation of the benefit of long range and directional MAC protocols are the most challenging issues. We present three Directional MAC protocols and two combinational protocols and system which give solutions to MAC and Neighbour discovery and compare the throughput of them with 802.11 with omnidirectional antennas.

A Survey of Using Directional Antennas in Ad Hoc Networks

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The widespread adoption of IEEE 802.11 WLANs is attributed to their inherent mobility, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. Within the IEEE 802 working group, a dedicated task group is diligently advancing WLAN technologies, particularly tailored for dense network scenarios. Amidst these advancements, the 802.11ac protocols have emerged as a preferred choice, delivering superior data transfer rates compared to the preceding 802.11n standard. Significantly, the sixth-generation wireless protocol, IEEE 802.11ax, has been introduced, showcasing enhanced performance capabilities that outpace its fifth-generation predecessor, 802.11ac.In this pioneering investigation, we engage in an in-depth simulation-based scrutiny of prominentWLAN protocols—namely, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac, and the cutting-edge IEEE 802.11ax. Our exhaustive analyses traverse a spectrum of critical metrics, encompassing throughput, coverage, spectral efficiency, Tx/Rx gain, and Tx/Rx power.In a single-user and SISO scenario, both 802.11ac and 802.11ax outperform 802.11n. Significantly, 802.11ax surpasses the previous 802.11n/ac standards, highlighting substantial advancements in wireless performance.

Wireless Evolution: IEEE 802.11N, 802.11AC, and 802.11AX Performance Comparison

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Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETS) consists of a collection of mobile nodes without having a central coordination. In MANET, node mobility and dynamic topology play an important role in the performance. MANET provide a solution for network connection at anywhere and at any time. The major features of MANET are quick set up, self organization and self maintenance. Routing is a major challenge in MANET due to it’s dynamic topology and high mobility. Several routing algorithms have been developed for routing. This paper studies the AODV protocol and how AODV is performed under multiple connections in the network. Several issues have been identified. The bandwidth is recognized as the prominent factor reducing the performance of the network. This paper gives an improvement of normal AODV for simultaneous multiple connections under the consideration of bandwidth of node.

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Personal Communication Network (PCN) is an emerging wireless network that promises many new services for the telecommunication industry. The proliferation of demands for extending wireless services to integrated services, which supports the transmission of data and multimedia information, has resulted in the need for broadband wireless systems that are able to provide service capabilities similar to those of wire line networks. The ATM cell - relay paradigm is one possible approach to provide broadband wireless transmission with PCN’s using the ATM switching networks for interconnection of PCN cells. As traffic in these mobile cellular networks increases, Handoffs will become an increasingly important issue. As cell sizes shrink to accommodate an increasingly large demand of services, newer more efficient handoff schemes need to be used. In this paper, the authors describe the use of novel and efficient data structure which dynamically allocates guard channel for handoffs and introduces the concept of channel borrowing strategy. The proposed scheme allocates the guard channels for handoff requests dynamically, based on the traffic load for certain time period. A new originating call in the cell coverage area also uses these guard channels if they are unused. Our basic idea is to allow Guard channels to be shared between new calls and handoff calls. This approach maximizes the channel utilization. The simulation results prove that the channel borrowing scheme improves the overall throughput.

An Efficient Call Admission Control Scheme for Handling Handoffs in Wireless ...

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This article presents a probabilistic modeling method utilizing smart meter data and an innovative agentbased simulator for electric vehicles (EVs). The aim is to assess the effects of different cost-driven EV charging strategies on the power distribution network (PDN). We investigate the effects of a 40% EV adoption on three parts of Frederiksberg's low voltage distribution network (LVDN), a densely urbanized municipality in Denmark. Our findings indicate that cable and transformer overloading especially pose a challenge. However, the impact of EVs varies significantly between each LVDN area and charging scenario. Across scenarios and LVDNs, the share of cables facing congestion ranges between 5% and 60%. It is also revealed that time-of-use (ToU)-based and single-day cost-minimized charging could be beneficial for LVDNs with moderate EV adoption rates. In contrast, multiple-day optimization will likely lead to severe congestion, as such strategies concentrate demand on a single day that would otherwise be distributed over several days, thus raising concerns about how to prevent it. The broader implications of our research suggest that, despite initial worries primarily centered on congestion due to unregulated charging during peak hours, a transition to cost-based smart charging, propelled by an increasing awareness of time-dependent electricity prices, may lead to a significant rise in charging synchronization, bringing about undesirable consequences for the power distribution network (PDN).

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In this paper, a multilayer perceptron guided key generation for encryption/decryption (MLPKG) has been proposed through recursive replacement using mutated character code generation for wireless communication of data/information. Multilayer perceptron transmitting systems at both ends accept an identical input vector, generate an output bit and the network are trained based on the output bit which is used to form a protected variable length secret-key. For each session, different hidden layer of multilayer neural network is selected randomly and weights or hidden units of this selected hidden layer help to form a secret session key. The plain text is encrypted using mutated character code table. Intermediate cipher text is yet again encrypted through recursive replacement technique to from next intermediate encrypted text which is again encrypted to form the final cipher text through chaining , cascaded xoring of multilayer perceptron generated session key. If size of the final block of intermediate cipher text is less than the size of the key then this block is kept unaltered. Receiver will use identical multilayer perceptron generated session key for performing deciphering process for getting the recursive replacement encrypted cipher text and then mutated character code table is used for decoding. Parametric tests have been done and results are compared in terms of Chi-Square test, response time in transmission with some existing classical techniques, which shows comparable results for the proposed technique.

Multilayer Perceptron Guided Key Generation through Mutation with Recursive R...

pijans

In order to reduce the communication cost and time we are looking forward for successful implementation of an infrastructure less network like Mobile Ad Hoc Network in all arena of wireless mobile communication. But still it is a challenge to decide a most appropriate routing protocol for MANET. In MANET there is no fixed topology due to the mobility of nodes, interference, multipath propagation and path loss. Since MANET does not use fixed infrastructure rather it always have to find suitable router and routing path for each communication, existing established routing protocol is not suitable for MANET to function properly. Different Routing protocols have been proposed to meet the challenges with MANETs. This paper evaluates the performances of four MANET routing protocols which are DSDV, AODV, DSR and TORA over TCP, a Transport Layer Protocol. The performance metrics which are considered in this paper are packet delivery fractions, normalized routing overload, end to end delay and throughput. DSDV is a proactive protocol and the others are reactive protocols.

Performance Analysis of Mobile Adhoc Network Routing Protocols Over Tcp

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Secure communication between two nodes in a network depends on reliable key management systems that generate and distribute keys between communicating nodes and a secure routing protocol that establishes a route between them. But due to lack of central server and infrastructure in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), this is major problem to manage the keys in the network. Dynamically changes in network’s topology causes weak trust relationship among the nodes in the network. . In MANETs a mobile node operates as not only end terminal but also as an intermediate router. Therefore, a multi-hop scenario occurs for communication in MANETs; where there may be one or more malicious nodes in between source and destination. A routing protocol is said to be secure that detects the detrimental effects of malicious node(s in the path from source to destination). In this paper, we proposed a key management scheme and a secure routing protocol that secures on demand routing protocol such as DSR and AODV. We assume that MANETs is divided into groups having a group leader in each group. Group leader has responsibility of key management in its group. Proposed key management scheme is a decentralized scheme that does not require any Trusted Third Party (TTP) for key management. In proposed key management system, both a new node and group leader authenticates each other mutually before joining the network. While proposed secure routing protocol allows both communicating parties as well as intermediate nodes to authenticate other nodes and maintains message integrity.

Securing Mobile Ad hoc Networks: Key Management and Routing

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MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) is hot spot for research due to its various advantages and disadvantages. Providing safe communication between mobile nodes, recognization the position of nodes, reducing overhead, handling misbehavior and location updates are such a difficult issues in ad-hoc network, so providing trust schemes is an important in this network. MANET provides some basic functions like routing, communication, network management and packet forwarding etc over self organized network. Because MANET has not a fixed topology, in which mobile nodes comes and leaves the network within a random period of time. It effects energy, bandwidth and memory computations of network. Providing trust in MANET is such a crucial task because it doesn’t having centralized infrastructure. In this paper, we survey the different trust model schemes of MANET with their unique features, merits and demerits & findings.

Different Ways to Achieve Trust in MANET

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Ad-hoc networks are the collection of autonomous nodes where all the nodes are configured dynamically without any centralized management system. Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are self-configuring network of mobile routers connected via a wireless link. However,the feature of decentralization and dynamic configuration of nodes makes MANETs vulnerable to various security attacks,that are otherwise not so common in a wired network. For mitigation of these attacks,several secured routing protocols are being proposed till now. This paper provides the view of overall security breaches present in the Ad-hoc Networks till now and will discuss in brief about the several proposed secure routing protocols.

Manet Security Breaches : Threat to A Secure Communication Platform

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Position based routing plays a significant role in multi-hop Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), due to high mobility of nodes. Selection of next-hop node is crucial to improve the performance of routing. In this paper, we have proposed a method for selecting next-hop forwarding node based on the distance between the source and next-hop node and link quality. Next-hop node is selected based on Expected Progress Distance (EPD) criteria. The EPD is estimated in terms of expected distance between the source and nexthop node. The expected delay (ED) and throughput (Th) are also estimated for the proposed method. The mathematical model derived for calculating EPD, delay, and throughput are simulated in MATLAB and evaluated the performance of the proposed method.

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Mobile WiMAX or IEEE 802.16e gives the access of Broadband Wireless even when the station is moving. But, as always Wireless environment is more open to threats; various threats exist over Mobile WiMAX like “Downgrade Attack”, “Key Space Vulnerability” and “Initial Network Vulnerability”, and “Denial of Service (DoS)”. In this paper we are proposing solution for one of the main Threat which is Denial of Service attack. Proposed solution is based on Puzzle approach. As, of more critical environment of MobileWiMAX we have Proposed use of Time Stamp and Nonce Variable for providing the more secure environment prone to DoS. As, DoS mainly exist in two forms which have been mentioned further, proposed work in Literature provides the solution for either of these but our proposed solution will be an attempt to overcome from THE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE. WIRELESS NETWORKS REPRESENT AN IMPORTANT EXAMPLE OF SUCH SCENARIOS WHERE CAPTURING AND FORGING PACKETS ARE RELATIVELY EASY. ATTACKS AGAINST NETWORKED SYSTEMS ARE BECOMING MORE COMPLEX AND FOR MOBILE WIMAX IT IS MORE CRITICAL AS WELL AS MORE IMPORTANT TO HANDLE BECAUSE IT SUPPORTS SUBSCRIBER STATIONS MOVING AT VEHICULAR SPEEDS AND THEREBY SPECIFIES A SYSTEM FOR COMBINED FIXED AND MOBILE BROADBAND WIRELESS ACCESS.

Puzzle Based Approach for Solving Denial of Service Attack in Mobile WIMAX

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Energy conservation has been an important area of interest in Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs). Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols play an important role in energy conservation. In this paper, we describe CSMA based MAC protocols for WSN and analyze the simulation results of these protocols. We implemented S-MAC, T-MAC, B-MAC, B-MAC+, X-MAC, DMAC and Wise-MAC in TOSSIM, a simulator which unlike other simulators simulates the same code running on real hardware. Previous surveys mainly focused on the classification of MAC protocols according to the techniques being used or problem dealt with and presented a theoretical evaluation of protocols. This paper presents the comparative study of CSMA based protocols for WSNs, showing which MAC protocol is suitable in a particular environment and supports the arguments with the simulation results. The comparative study can be used to find the best suited MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks in different environments.

Comparison of Csma Based MAC Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks

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In wireless network, fault tolerant topology control is an important and a challenging task. The wireless nodes and links could experience frequent failures since Wireless networks are usually deployed under extreme environments. Therefore, fault tolerance must be considered for many applications. In wireless network Topology control has been proved effective in saving node power. The main idea of topology control is that instead of using its maximal transmission power, each node sets its power to a certain level such that the global topology satisfies a certain constraint. To increase fault tolerance, nodes in the network will consume more power. Here we need to give the optimum distance between the nodes of the wireless network in order to reduce the consumption of the power of each node. This paper deals with the approach for the finding the minimum distance between the nodes of the wireless network by the use of mat lab coding through the graph theory considering the minimum weight based algorithm.

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Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a widely used multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique in the field of wireless communications, specifically designed to facilitate high-speed data transmission. The use of several subcarriers inside an OFDM system for the transmission of modulated symbols results in the generation of OFDM signals with a significant peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this study, we propose a novel approach for mitigating the high PAPR in wireless communication systems (WCS). Our method utilizes a partial transmit sequence (PTS) strategy, which is enhanced by using an adaptive particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. In this study, we present a description of an OFDM system employing the standard PTS technique in conjunction with PSO. To mitigate computational complexity, the suggested methodology efficiently explores the optimal amalgamation of phase rotation components. Experimental findings demonstrate that the computational complexity and PAPR have been greatly minimized by the suggested method.

PAPR, Spectral Efficiency, BER and SNR Analysis of OFDM: A Novel Partial Tran...

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) consist of a collection of wireless mobile nodes which dynamically exchange data among themselves without the reliance on a fixed base station or a wired backbone network and it the makes the routing a crucial issue to the design of the MANET. Multiple path routing protocols are shown to be performance-effective alternatives over single-path routing for ad hoc networks and it represents a promising routing method for wireless mobile ad hoc networks. Multi-path routing achieves load balancing and is more resilient to route failures..In this paper we propose an energy efficient multipath fault tolerant routing protocol to improve the reliability of data routing in Mobile ad hoc networks. The proposed RFTA is a multi objective routing protocol that meets diverse application requirements by considering the changing conditions of the network. The efficiency of the proposed protocol has been evaluated on different scenarios and there has been a noticeable improvement in the packet delivery ratio and also in the reduction of end-to-end delay comparing to SMR,SMS and MDSR.

Multipath Fault Tolerant Routing Protocol in MANET

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QOS improvement has been a subject of intensive discussion. The research in the network field for congestion control is by means of scheduling packets from different traffic flows for processing at a specific node. When that particular node is selected for the transmission of all traffic flows since it has been chosen as an emerging node for the shortest path in the adaptive energy efficient algorithm, queue scheduling disciplines have been used to improve the quality of service. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of four queuing disciplines (FIFO, PQ, RED and WFQ) which is implemented in the AEERG protocol. This paper gives the NS-2 simulation results to compare their relative performance based on queuing delay, packet drop rate and end-to-end delay for the above queuing techniques.

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Advanced Medical Sciences: An International Journal (AMS)

1. Advanced Medical Science: An International Journal (AMS) ISSN : 2320 - 3935 https://airccse.com/ams/index.html Scope &Topics Advanced Medical Sciences: An International Journal (AMS) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Medical Sciences. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in Medical Sciences and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of Medical Sciences. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to the followings  Cardiovascular medicine and haematology  Clinical sciences  Complimentary and alternative medicine  Dentistry  Human movement and sports science  Immunology  Medical biochemistry and metabolomics  Medical microbiology  Medical physiology  Neurosciences  Nursing  Nutrition and dietetics  Oncology and carcinogensis  Optometry and opthamology  Paediatrics and reproductive medicine  Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences  Public health and health services Paper Submission Authors are invited to submit papers for this journal through Submission System. Submissions must be original and should not have been published previously or be under consideration for publication while being evaluated for this Journal.

2. Important Dates • Submission Deadline: May 14, 2022 • Authors Notification: June 14, 2022 • Registration & camera – Ready Paper Due: June 22, 2022 Contact Us Here's where you can reach us: ams_journal@yahoo.com & ams_journal@airccse.com For other details : https://airccse.com/ams/index.html Paper Submission System: https://airccse.com/submission/home.html

Advanced Medical Sciences: An International Journal (AMS)

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Advanced Medical Sciences: An International Journal (AMS)