Graph presentation 2 English language

1. DESCRIBING GRAPHS
PRESENTATION 2
LANGUAGE OF GRAPHS

2. WHY WE NEED SPECIFIC LANGUAGE
When we have to present data in graphs and
explain them, we need focused vocabulary. This
is a set of specific words and expressions which
are commonly used in this context and are
valuable ready-made helping tools. They could
be:
• parts of speech
• phrases

3. PARTS OF SPEECH
•Verbs
•Nouns
•Adjectives
•Adverbs

4. VERBS
Verbs for
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Verbs describing
UP TRENDS
Verbs describing
DOWN TRENDS
 to deal with
 to show
 to illustrate
 can be seen
 to start
 to lead to
 to continue
 to level off
 there is/are
 to look at
 to follow
 to prefer
 to account for

 to increase
 to grow
 to rise
 to go up
 to climb
 to shoot up
 to rocket
 to soar
 to peak
 to intensify
 to level up
 to expand
 to enlarge
 to decrease
 to fall
 to go down
 to decline
 to drop
 to plunge
 to plummet
 to narrow to
 to reduce
 to crash
 to collapse
 to lessen
 to diminish

5. NOUNS
NOUNS NAMING THE PARTS
percentage/s
figure/s
number/s
peak/s
change/s
slice/s (of a pie chart)
half/s
one third
 The vertical axis shows…
 The horizontal axis
represents…
 This curve illustrates…
 The solid line shows…
 The shaded area describes…
 This colored segment is for…
 The red bar…
 The blue slice of the pie…

6. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
ADJECTIVES ADVERBS
sharp
rapid
huge
dramatic
substantial
considerable
significant
slight
small
minimal
massive
quick
clear
near
sudden
steady
gradual
slow
sharply
rapidly
hugely
dramatically
substantially
considerably
significantly
slightly
in a small manner
minimally
massively
quickly
clearly
nearly
suddenly
steadily
gradually
slowly

7. ADVERBS AND PHRASES OF CHANGE
Adverbs of BIG CHANGE Adverbs of SMALL CHANGE Phrases of NO CHANGE
dramatically
crucially
sharply
suddenly
significantly
drastically
noticeably
notably
remarkably
steeply
seriously
hugely
 gradually
 slightly
 steadily
 gently
 insignificantly
 moderatley
 little by little
 step by step
 faintly
 a bit
 vaguely
 hardly
 remain the same
 remain constant
 remain stable
 remain steady
 stay constant
 maintain the same level
 stabilised
 in a stable manner
 levelled off
 moderatley
 little by little
 step by step

8. CONNECTIVESSource https://www.grammarbank.com/connectives-list.html
USAGE CONNECTIVE WORDS AND PHRASES
to add ideas and, also, besides, further, furthermore, too, moreover, in addition, then, of equal importance, equally
important, another
time next, afterward, finally, later, last, lastly, at last, now, subsequently, then, when, soon, thereafter, after a short
time, the next week (month, day, etc.), a minute later, in the meantime, meanwhile, on the following day, at
length, ultimately, presently
order or sequence first, second, (etc.), finally, hence, next, then, from here on, to begin with, last of all, after, before, as soon as, in
the end, gradually
space and place above, behind, below, beyond, here, there, to the right/left, nearby, opposite, on the other side, in the
background, directly ahead, along the wall, as you turn right, at the top, across the hall, at this point, adjacent to
to give an example for example, to illustrate, for instance, to be specific, such as, moreover, furthermore, just as important,
similarly, in the same way
results as a result, hence, so, accordingly, as a consequence, consequently, thus, since, therefore, for this reason,
because of this
purpose to this end, for this purpose, with this in mind, for this reason/s
comparison like, in the same manner/way, as so, similarly
contrast but, in contrast, conversely, however, still, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, and yet, on the other hand, on the
contrary, or, in spite of this, actually, in fact
to summarize or
report
in summary, to sum up, to repeat, briefly, in short, finally, on the whole, therefore, as I have said, in conclusion,
as you can see

9. FINAL COMMENT
USE OF TENSES:
• If the graphs deal with facts in the present,
use the Present Simple.
• If the facts are the past, use the Past Simple.
• If there is a connection between the past and
the present, use the Present Perfect.