2. Business Ethics: The Enhancement of People Value for Optimum Productivity, so as to Win at the Market Place, as well as Sustain Organizational Growth By Peter Anyebe E-Mail: anyebepeter@yahoo.com GSM:+234 (0)703 430 2486
3. 3 Background In the United States, as a result of corporate collapses such as Enron, theSarbanes-Oxley Act, 2002was passed into legislation, requiring that companies have amongst other things, a code of ethics
4. 4 BackgroundCont. This event, together with the recurrent cycle of economic recession and boom, make it necessary to put the spot light on business ethics; if companies are to win in the market place, and organizational growth is to be sustained
5. 5 Background Cont. Between 2005 and 2010 the companies named to the World’s Most Ethical, WMElist outperformed the S&P 500every year. Ethisphere Magazine
6. 6 Background Cont. In March, 2010, the WME companies reported profits almost 50% higher than their S&P 500counterparts for the same time period
7. 7 WME: seven key categories Corporate Citizenship and Responsibility; Corporate Governance; Innovation that Contributes to the Public Well Being; Industry Leadership; Executive Leadership and Tone from the Top; Legal, Regulatory and Reputation Track Record; and Internal Systems and Ethics/Compliance Program.
8. 8 Question-1 Is it possible to put a Valueon people uniquely, that measures their Productivity level; against the background of their Motives, Attitudes, Behaviour, and Ethical sophistication?
9. 9 Question-2 Can this Value be improved upon, to EnhanceProductivity?
10. 10 Definitions Business Ethics: A code of morality A system of moral principles governing the appropriate conduct for a person or group in business
11. 11 Definitions Situation Ethics: Moral decisions and the circumstances evoking them are unique and unrepeatable, It is therefore impossible to apply universal laws
12. 12 Question-3 Could standards be established for behavior, which are absolute and relevant in all circumstances?
13. 13 Kant's Moral Philosophy Phenomena: Things as they appear to our senses Noumena: Things in themselves; that are purely objects of thought independently of sense perception, which, by definition, we can never experience The Personal Order, P-O (?) The Natural Order, N-O (?) Thus, things as they are "in themselves" are unknowable (?)
14. 14 Our Moral Code If it is Right, Then it is Good
16. 16 Establishment-1 There are two, 2 types of behaviour: The Reflex Only The Voluntary Motivated They present a challenge, for the voluntary motivated to approximate the reflex only
17. 17 Establishment-2 There are three, 3 types of mind memory: The conscious mind The sub-conscious mind The unconscious mind The challenge here is for the sub-conscious to approximate the unconscious
18. 18 Mind Memories The conscious mind is the intellect, where all thoughts take place Thought culminates in the derivation of a procedure for action, the P-O, that is stored in the sub-conscious mind or emotion, the seat of actions The unconscious mind or will controls the activities of the visceral systems, according to the N-O
19. 19 The Challenges The first, 1st challenge is achieved, according to the adequacy of the contentof heart memory The second, 2nd is achieved when the procedures in the heart approximate the operations of the visceral systems (N-O?)
20. 20 Procedure-1 In response to the challenges: Derive the N-O Model the mind to appreciate the N-O Link the N-O to the Perception Model of Mind, PMM by the Standard Procedure Series
21. 21 Procedure-2 To operationalise above models: Adopt the Behaviour Model, for R = S as P -> 1 Drive the Phenomenology Model, so that, P = F Derive the Character Model, to link the two, 2
22.
23. Normality: A game of infinite moves can be reduced into one, 1 unit move, which is then iterated until the end. (Games Theory)
24. Duality: We adopt the Duality Series in Operations Research as the outline for the unit perspective as follows, 1. Maxima, L2Phenomenon, F 2. Minimax, A1 6. Object, A 3. Maximin, A2 5. Form, L 4. Minima, L1 Which perspective definesThe Natural Order:
25. 23 Relativity - ∞ 0 + ∞ A F L F Maxima Maximin Minima Maximin Duality L = 1/A F2, L = Positivity (Love?) A = Negativity (Attitude?) F = Relativity (Faith?) A L The Absolute/Normality
26. 24 Conversion: Absolute Normality (Relativity Duality) When the numbers on the number line are squared, this application of the absolute transforms relativity into the normal curve, which corresponds with the duality series
27. 25 The Perception Model of Mind f0= 4(1 – 1/√z), z = ½(4 – 1/√f1) f1 = Perception Index, N = 5 f0 = Sensation Index, N= 1
28. 26 Whole-Spectrum Knowledge By the Perception Model of Mind, PMM a mind that appreciates the N-O would be able to reduce phenomena into the five, 5 essential components. f0= 4(1 – 1/√z), z = ½(4 – 1/√f1) f1 = Perception Index, N = 5 f0= Sensation Index, N= 1 2. L2F 4. A1 6. A 3. A2 5. L 1. L1 The Standard Procedure Series When these items are concatenated, so that they cumulate into the phenomenon that is described, which then becomes the sixth, 6th item, the series becomes the Standard Procedure Series, SPS.
29. 27 Derivation of SPS F = LA, F = Phenomenon L = Form Component A = Object Component 2. L2F 4. A1 6. A 3. A2 5. L 1. L1 The Standard Procedure Series A = LF2, A’ = √( LA) F = √(L1L2) L = √(A1A2) The Black Box Model, BBM (Iterated twice) The position of every item on the series is determined uniquely The Normality Model
30. 28 Answer Question-3: 1. Power Clock 2. Scale 6 Time 3. Arms 5 Rotation 4. Gears The Motion Series Discipline,7Temperament Perseverance, 166. Faith, 21 Humility,125. Attitude, 19 Obedience,1 A System of Gears The Character Series 1. Firmament Nature 2. Universe 6 Humans 3. Earth 5 Animals 4. Light Sample Series The Creation Series
31. 29 F = 2 - f0 , 1 < F < 2 The F-Scale: f0 = 1/10ΣSn, Sn = X – D D = Abs |E – B| X = G: G ≤ A X = A Otherwise G = 5 – E A = 5 – B f0 = Objectivity Index Sn = Score on the Item-n D = Observed Deviance X = Expected Deviance E = Expected Rank on the Item-n B = Observed Rank on the Item-n Measures the approximation of the SPS as the factor-f0
32. 30 Behaviour R = f(S, P), R = S P ->1 R = Response S = Stimulus P = Personality The Behaviour Model √n = f(Rn, F), √n = Rn F ->1 √n = The Standard Procedure Rn = Rationality F = Personality The Phenomenology Model For the Response, R to Stimuli, S to be appropriate, for R = S Then, Personality, P must be a unity, for P = 1 This means that the Standard Procedure, √n must be approximated exactly, for √n = 1, F = 1, and f0 = 1 (F = 2 - f0) P = F:
33. 31 Personality, F f = 1 - 1/ Fo : f0 ≥ 0.50, f =1/Fo otherwise Fo = √ (Lo Ao) Lo = 1/(1-f0) Ao = 1/f0 f0 = Sensation: Measured on the F-Scale F = √(F1/F2), F2 = 1/∑(Pm) x 67.00, m Pm + 1 = 2 (∑Pm ) + 1 m=1 F1 = 2√( R) – 1, P1 = F1 R = 1/f f1 = tT:1. t = 1/ F2; 2. T= √fo f1 = Perception T = Tolerance t = Timing Attitude, A A = L F2 L = 1/A2 F2 A2 = f1f0 Soul, S S = 1/√L
34. 32 The Character Model Given the factor-Pc, Rn = 2Pc – 1 √n = 1/C Pc2, C1 = (3Pc + 1)/4 Rn = F√n, 1.00 ≤ F ≤ 2.00 Rn = 2√n – C2, F = 2 Stimulus Attitude Motivation Ability Rn Pc Personality, F Response √n Given Pc, Rn and √n, C is determined Given a Motive, the Attitudeand the Ability to perform at the related tasks, are automatically determined.
35. 33 The Character Model Legend Pc = Phenomenological Compression Index Rn = Rationality Index √n = Standard Procedure Index C = Character Index F = Index of Personality
36. 34 The Character Model This model links the behaviour and phenomenology models by the following relation: Character and Attitude would therefore be equivalents, according to the strength of motive that generated the disposition A = 19 (C – 1)
37. 35 The Value Principle Then, for every Action, √n There is an underlying Motive, Rn Both of which define the Value, C of the person, according to the Energy, Sthat is generated in the process The factor-S is a measure of Soul, as energy, E in storage, in the form of mass, M(E = MC2)
38. 36 The Value Principle Cont. For every Decision, All the Energythat is required to accomplish it is given; According to the Procedure that was derived
39. 37 The Value Principle Cont. Every decision would therefore represent a stimulus, which is actually an opportunity for Learning and Development
40. 38 The Value Principle Cont. By thePMM, Learningis accomplished when at least four, 4 of the five, 5 essential components of phenomena are identified
41. 39 The Value Principle Cont. AndDevelopment is the increase in the number of essentials that can be identified, from one, 1 to five, 5
42. 40 Learning Learning happens at two, 2 levels: When the learner gets it right When there is a change in behaviour In the second, 2nd case, tests need to be based on the number of essentials that the learner is able to identify For the first, 1st a simple test would suffice, to confirm it
43. 41 The Value Principle Cont. Motive Decision Procedure Action Value, CEnergy, S (Unconscious Mind) Will, A (Conscious Mind) Intellect, F (Sub-Conscious Mind) Emotion, L (Motion) ROI ROI = 2X – 1, X = 1/(1 – 1/C) A = 19 (C – 1) F = √(LC) S = 1/√L
44. 42 The Soul Principle The Soul, S is the concatenation of a person’s activities, from the first, 1st cry at birth to the last breath at death It is a mass of energy in storage, according to the procedures for performing at the tasks that define the activities E = Energy M = Mass C = The Speed of Light E = MC2,
45.
46. Containment of detractors: Nd = Log C / Log 1/S Then C’ = Wk + Nd; C/C’: r = 0.9754 And people value is optimum when Res = Rgt, for Po ≥ 0.98; whatever the combination of the scores on the factors C and S
47. 44 Motive Separation C’ = Nu + Nd, Nu = 1 – 1/3 S Nd = log C / log (1/S) %Nd = 100 (Nd/C’) Rgt = (%Nd/100) / S Motive is synonymous with the attitude, A and character, C to describe the strength of disposition towards phenomena; which determine attention and effort It is expended on learning, Nuand the containment of detractors, Nd A/C: r = 0.9991 %Nd/S: = 0.9988 It is the percent energy that is expended on containing the detractors, %Nd that builds the soul, S
48. 45 Work C’ = Wk + Nd, Wk = 1 – 1/3 * S Nd = log C / log (1/S) %Wk = 100 (Wk/C’) Rgt = (%Nd/100) / S Res = (%Wk/100) / (1 – S) Character is actually the measure of motive used at work, Wk other than building the soul, for Wk = 1 – 1/3 * S It determines the appropriateness of the response, R to stimuli, S for R = S C/Wk: = 0.9512 For R = S Then Rgt = Res And Po ≥ 0.97
50. 47 Posit - 1 Given the right, or standard procedure, the factor-C would be determined Then good or optimum productivity can be expected
51. 48 Productivity, ROI Question-1: Answer C ROI 1.02 100 1.04 50 1.07 30 1.11 20 1.22 10 2.0 3 3.0 2 5.0 1.5 1 C = 1 – 1/X, ROI = 2X – 1 C = Character of Consistency ROI = Return on Investment
52. 49 Posit - 2 Question-2: Answer To optimise the factor-C, It would be sufficient to improve on the factors Rn, and √n Rn = 2√n - C
53. 50 Optimisation Work Thefactor-√nis optimised atwork Rn = F√n Family Thefactor-Rnis optimised athome
54. 51 Rationality, Rn 1. Discipline, 7yrsTemperament 2. Perseverance, 16yrs 6. Faith, 21yrs 3. Humility, 12yrs 5. Attitude, 19yrs 4. Obedience, 1yr The Character Series (Child Rearing) This is when child up-bringing aims to inculcate the attitude of faith; according to which people acquire the characteristic to ask the question, what is going on here? (Empathy?)
55. 52 Love The attitude of love, which is expressed as the desire to improve upon,is imbibed at work; when people ask the question, what ought to be happening here? (The N-O?)
62. Work processes“Talent is the engine behind the creation of all value” F Rw -3 0.75 -2 0.67 1.5 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.30 1 Rw= (1-1/F) Rw = Reward RI = Reward Index
63. 54 Sample Organisational Kit 1 RID BNARDA 2. AGRIC 6. FINANCE 3. FRID 5. ADMIN/MGT 4. PME 1 Credit Schemes RID 2. Produce Marketing 6. Linkages 3. Agro-Inputs 5. Training 4. Cooperative Assns 1 Technical Services AGRIC 2. Adoption Techniques 6. Research 3. Adaptive Research 5. Seed 4. Extension/WIA Multiplication 1 Audit Accts FINANCE 2. Treasury Accts 6. General Accts 3. Procurement 5. MIS Accts 4. Zonal Accts 1 Personnel ADMIN/MGT 2. Materials/Office services 6. Financing 3. Structures/Property 5. Reports 4. Systems/HRD 1. Water Mgt FRID 2. Soil Mgt 6. Processing/Storage 3. Tillage 5. Crop Mgt 4. Equipment 1 Surveys PME 2. MIS 6. Progress Reports 3. Data Processing 5. Impact Studies 4. Budgeting 1 Infrastructural Development Improved Living Standard 2. Inputs Procurement/ 6. Poverty Reduction Disbursement 3. Extension/WIA 5. Wealth Creation 4. Research The BNARDA KIT
64. 55 Normality Pc Rn Fc Sn Hm f0 1.10 1.20 1.08 1.15 1.16 0.93 1.20 1.40 1.15 1.30 1.300.87 1.30 1.60 1.23 1.45 1.41 0.83 1.40 1.80 1.30 1.60 1.52 0.80 1.50 2.00 1.38 1.75 1.61 0.78 1.60 2.20 1.45 1.90 1.68 0.76 1.70 2.40 1.53 2.05 1.76 0.74 1.80 2.60 1.60 2.20 1.82 0.73 1.90 2.80 1.68 2.35 1.88 0.71 .n S’ F’ R N C 1.90 0.82 0.98 1.35 2.57 1.08 1.99 0.75 1.06 1.50 2.88 1.15 2.06 0.71 1.11 1.60 3.10 1.23 2.11 0.67 1.15 1.66 3.26 1.30 2.14 0.65 1.17 1.71 3.40 1.38 2.17 0.63 1.19 1.75 3.50 1.45 2.19 0.62 1.20 1.78 3.59 1.53 2.21 0.60 1.21 1.81 3.66 1.60 2.23 0.59 1.22 1.83 3.73 1.68 Given Pc Rn = 2Pc – 1 Fc = 3/2 (x + 1) – 2 Pc + 1 X = 2 Sn = 2Fc – 1 Hm = 2HR – 1 HR = √ (L/A), L = Rn / Fc A = Pc / Sn f0: Derived on the Need profile, input-Hm N = 2NR – 1 NR = √(L/A) L = n/F A = S/R C = (3Pc + 1) / 4
65. 56 The Path to Soul Pc Rn √n F’’ Po Tt S’’ 1.1 1.20 1.13 1.07 0.97 0.82 0.80 1.2 1.40 1.25 1.12 0.94 0.74 0.70 1.3 1.60 1.38 1.16 0.93 0.69 0.64 1.4 1.80 1.51 1.19 0.91 0.66 0.60 1.5 2.00 1.64 1.22 0.90 0.63 0.57 1.6 2.20 1.77 1.25 0.89 0.61 0.54 1.7 2.40 1.90 1.27 0.88 0.59 0.52 1.8 2.60 2.03 1.28 0.88 0.57 0.50 1.9 2.80 2.16 1.30 0.87 0.55 0.48 Given Pc Rn = 2Pc – 1 √n = 1/C Pc2 F’’ = Rn/√n Po: The Need Profile Tt = 1/dc dc = 1/3 x Dc Dc = C+N N = 2NR – 1 NR = √ (L/A) L = n/F A = S/R S’’ = Po x Tt S’’/S’: r = 0.999 F’/F’’: r = 0.9803 Predictions of the factors F, S, C, Rn, and √n from the factor-Pc
66. 57 Mind, LFA,C A C S F L F’ 2.24 1.08 0.82 1.07 1.49 1.27 3.71 1.15 0.75 1.12 1.78 1.43 5.09 1.23 0.71 1.16 1.98 1.56 6.34 1.30 0.67 1.19 2.23 1.70 7.47 1.38 0.65 1.22 2.37 1.81 8.47 1.45 0.63 1.25 2.52 1.91 9.41 1.53 0.62 1.27 2.60 2.00 10.42 1.60 0.60 1.28 2.78 2.11 11.48 1.68 0.59 1.30 2.87 2.20 A/C: r = 0.9966 t = 32.1118 F/F’: r = 0.9939 t = 23.9901 t8 (.01, 2-tailed) = 3.355 (A = 19(C – 1)) S = 1/√L L = (1/S)2 F’ = √(L * C) t = √((n – 2) / (1 – r2) Establishment of A/C, and LFC
67. 58 Concluding Ethics is absolute Ethics can be learned Love and work are equivalents; a state of mind and the expression of the state, respectively Learning, Nuand work, Wk are also equivalents; an expression of love for oneself and for some other, respectively: All three, 3 mean, to improve upon
68. 59 Concluding Cont. Learning or the improvement on oneself,occurs when people become able to turn what they know, into what they do; having overcome the vagaries of the environment, and contained their needs sufficiently, to find at least four, 4 of the five, 5 essentials of phenomena Then to be skilled, it would be sufficient to perform at the related tasks bythe standard procedure, which would optimise productivity; for sustained organisational growth, positioning it to win at the market place
