2.  Explain the effects of;
› Age
› Gender
› Disability
 On participation and performance in physical activity
 Describe the effects of
› Smoking
› Alcohol
› Diet
› Performance enhancing drugs
 On participation and performance in physical activity

3. There are many reasons why people do or don’t
do sport, the most relevant;
Time
Resources
Fitness/Ability
Health problems
Access

4.  Work and other commitments take up lots of time
 ‘I haven’t got the time’
 BUT...
 How many people get home from work and then spend time
watching TV
 People choose to spend leisure time, passively and not
activiely

5.  This depends on where you live
 Facilities and sports clubs are not found everywhere
 This will obviously effect whether you can do a certain
sport
 One way of overcoming this would be, for the
government or sports facilities to provide transport to
and from these facilities.

6.  Lots of people don’t think theya re good enough to join
a club
 Why?
 Previous experiences to do with sport
 E.G. A PE lesson, they failed a task, got humiliated and
therefore feel hopeless in that activity
 How do you change this?
 The person experiences success in the activity, so they
regain their confidence

7.  Some people have genuine health reasons for not taking part
 BUT
 Doctors will always suggest having an active lifestyle to prevent
lots of problems
 Most rehabilitation programmes include exercise, so why not
sport
 Obesity is increasing rapidly in the western world, due to diet
and lack of exercise. But being overweight may be the reason
they don't do exercise (embarrising)
 Encouragement and the right condidtions are vital for these
people.
 E.G. Weight watchers
 Lack of self-esteem is a huge problem to why people don’t
exercise, this must be addressed, by giving the person success
and positive experiences with sport and exercsie

8.  There has been a growth in sports facilities and there are
low-cost courses.
 BUT
 Some people still cannot afford these costs...
 Most important Q’s asked by people;
 What is available?, What is affordable?, Will I fit in?
 Issues related to ACCESS
 Opening times – convenient to the person
 Age – ‘young persons sport’ so elderly don’t take part
 Race – racial discrimination may be experienced, e.g. A
black person joining a predominantly white golf club
 Disability – Lack of facilities (wheelchair access)

9.  AGE: Life expectancy is going up, therefore people are
living longer.
 There are more veteran teams in various sports, and a
growing awareness that activity in older age is
beneficial.
 DISABILITY: Those with disabilities have much better
access to sport.
 Disability sport is know in its own right now with many
internationally recognised athletes in the UK

10.  The media has played a major part in changing the anture
of exercise in the UK
 High technology brings sports from around the world to the
UK.
 Sports, exercise and healthy living are often headline news,
with documentaries, films and promotional products
associated with ACTIVE, HEALTHY LIFESTYLES
 Media has been beneficial in promoting sport and exercise

11.  These are choices that people make, that affect their
health:
 Smoking
 Drugs
 Other lifestyle factors

12.  Few people that are serious about a healthy lifestyle
smoke.
 All evidence points to smoking being detrimental to your
health, whatever your age
 Cigarettes contain, tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide and
other irritants
 Normally haemoglobin carries O2 in the body, but
prefers carbon monoxide, and once it carries this it
cannot carry O2 again.
 This can take away up to 10% of your O2 carry capacity

14.  Smoking is also the biggest cause of preventable death
in the western world.
 120,000 people die in the UK every year, most dying of,
cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease
(bronchitis/emphysema) and coronary heart disease
 Around 29% of men and 25% of women smoke in the UK
 1 in every 2 smokers will probably be killed because of
the habit

16.  The use of drugs is wide spread and seriously affects
health and well-being
 Two types:
 Recreational (e.g. Cannabis)
 Performance enhancing (e.g. Anabolic steroids)
 Drugs (the chemicals) alter the way we feel and see
things
 Most drugs are also addictive, so hard to stop
 Addiction includes; anxiety, depression, low self esteem

17.  Doping is a serious concern in sport and UK Sport is
designated by the government to try and prevent this.
 There are three methods that athletes will use to boost
the red blood cells in the circulation to improve
performance (BLOOD DOPING)
 Using ergthroprotein (EPO)
 Using synthetic oxygen carriers
 Blood transfusions
 Anti doping involves tests to see if this has occured

18.  Athlete’s at the top level must be very careful to make
sure that any medication taken doesn’t have banned
substance s in them
 Especially when they go abroad

23.  There are some other lifestyle factors that will affect a
persons performance,
 Which include sleep and the job that you have
 SLEEP; this will obvious affect how well you play sport, on
average we sleep 7.75hrs a day (between 5 and 11hrs)
 Your JOB; the type of job will affect your performance,
people that sit at a desk all day (sedentary type of job)
will have different fitness levels to someone that ahs an
active job.

24.  A revision tool