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1. Presentation By,
Jay Joshi (17MSE005)

2.  Solar PV technologies selection
 Why is it important?
 Available PV technologies
 Verdict
 Shading Analysis
 Types of Shadows
 Shading Assessment
 Infrastructure
 Monitoring and Forecasting

3.  Solar PV technologies selection
 Why is it important?
 Available PV technologies
 Verdict
 Shading Analysis
 Types of Shadows
 Shading Assessment
 Infrastructure
 Monitoring and Forecasting

4. Component(s) Rs
(in Lakhs)
Component(s) Rs
(in Lakhs)
Supply and installation of modules 300 String combiner boxes 10
Module mounting structure 80 SCADA, weather station,
Earthing etc.
20
Inverters 60 Manpower 15
Cables and other civil works 35 ACDB, DCDB, control panels etc. 08
Transformers 18 Insurance 09
Meters, Isolators, four pole
structure, switchyard lighting etc.
15 Inverter and control room,
Boundary wall work
35
Approximated price list for a 1MW PV power plant (2014)

5.  Solar PV technologies selection
 Why is it important?
 Available PV technologies
 Verdict
 Shading Analysis
 Types of Shadows
 Shading Assessment
 Infrastructure
 Monitoring and Forecasting

6.  1st Generation Solar Cells
 Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (Mono – Si)
 Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (P – Si)
 2nd Generation Solar Cells
 Thin-Film : Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells (A – Si)
 Thin CadmiumTelluride (CdTe) and Copper Indium Gallium (CIGs) Cells
 3rd Generation Solar Cells
 Biohybrid Solar Cells (Combination of organic and inorganic matter)
 Perovskite Solar Cells
 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
 Concentrator Solar PV Cells

7.  1st Generation Solar Cells
 Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (Mono – Si)
 Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (P – Si)
 2nd Generation Solar Cells
 Thin-Film : Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells (A – Si)
 Thin CadmiumTelluride (CdTe) and Copper Indium Gallium (CIGs) Cells
 3rd Generation Solar Cells
 Biohybrid Solar Cells (Combination of organic and inorganic matter)
 Perovskite Solar Cells
 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
 Concentrator Solar PV Cells

8. Mono - Si P - Si Thin Film
Efficiency (cell) 26.7 % 22.3% 21%
Efficiency (module) 15% to 20% 13% to 16% 6% to 12%
Area Required Least More than Mono Most
Lifespan (module) 25 years 25 years 10 to 25 years
Effect ofTemperature Less affected than poly Most affected Least affected
Cost Most expensive Least Expensive Less expensive than
Mono
Market Share Most Less than Mono Least and declining
Approximated data. It may vary from source to source.

9.  1st Generation Solar Cells
 Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (Mono – Si)
 Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (P – Si)
 2nd Generation Solar Cells
 Thin-Film : Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells (A – Si)
 Thin CadmiumTelluride (CdTe) and Copper Indium Gallium (CIGs) Cells
 3rd Generation Solar Cells
 Biohybrid Solar Cells (Combination of organic and inorganic matter)
 Perovskite Solar Cells
 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
 Concentrator Solar PV Cells

10. hυ
Conventional Solar Cell
Photocurrent
Sun

11. hυ
Photocurrent
Sun
Photosystem I
Silicon Support

12.  Organic (PS I) and inorganic materials are used
 Photosystem I (PS I) is extracted from Spinach
responsible for the photosynthesis purpose
 Acclaimed a near 100% efficiency.
 Still in research phase

13.  Comparatively new technology
 Demands further research
 Modules aren’t available
 Very high degradation in small amount of time (lasts from several weeks up to 8
months)

14.  1st Generation Solar Cells
 Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (Mono – Si)
 Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (P – Si)
 2nd Generation Solar Cells
 Thin-Film : Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells (A – Si)
 Thin CadmiumTelluride (CdTe) and Copper Indium Gallium (CIGs) Cells
 3rd Generation Solar Cells
 Biohybrid Solar Cells (Combination of organic and inorganic matter)
 Perovskite Solar Cells
 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
 Concentrator Solar PV Cells

15.  Works with the use of
concentrating optics that
reduces the cell area,
allowing the high efficiency
multijunction solar cells
(based on III – V
Semiconductors) to work
under high Direct Normal
Irradiance (DNI).
CPV using Fresnel Lens

16.  Works with the use of
concentrating optics that
reduces the cell area,
allowing the high efficiency
multijunction solar cells
(based on III – V
Semiconductors) to work
under high Direct Normal
Irradiance (DNI).
CPV using Parabolic Mirrors

17.  Works with the use of
concentrating optics that
reduces the cell area,
allowing the high efficiency
multijunction solar cells
(based on III – V
Semiconductors) to work
under high Direct Normal
Irradiance (DNI).
CPV using Reflectors

18.  The temperature rise is
alarming in this technology,
so cooling is required.
 The cells work under from
less than 100 to more than
1000 concentration ratio.
Cooling techniques in CPV

19. Use of Parabolic Mirrors with
concentration up to 500x
CPV with Fresnel lenses,
developed by Fraunhofer ISE

20.  Efficiency is the major benefactor (43.8% recorded at cell level)
 Low temperature coefficient
 Heat energy can be gained from the cooling mechanisms
 Doesn’t work under the diffused radiation
 High cost
 New gen technology, higher risk.

21.  Solar PV technologies selection
 Why is it important?
 Available PV technologies
 Verdict
 Shading Analysis
 Types of Shadows
 Shading Assessment
 Infrastructure
 Monitoring and Forecasting

22.  For the foreseeable future, mono-crystalline and polycrystalline silicon
technology will dominate the market.
 Selecting the technology will depend on the purpose of the project
 The selection will be focused on the site location.
 The site location will define the ambient temperature, available land space,
weather scenario etc.
 The budget of the project will play a key role in selecting the panels.

23.  Solar PV technologies selection
 Why is it important?
 Available PV technologies
 Verdict
 Shading Analysis
 Types of Shadows
 Shading Assessment
 Infrastructure
 Monitoring and Forecasting

24.  Solar PV technologies selection
 Why is it important?
 Available PV technologies
 Verdict
 Shading Analysis
 Types of Shadows
 Shading Assessment
 Infrastructure
 Monitoring and Forecasting

25.  Temporary Shadow
 Occurs due to snow, leaves, bird
droppings etc.
 Self cleaning can be achieved by the
good tilt angles of the PV arrays.

26.  Shadows resulting from buildings
 Shadows resulting from the nearby
buildings, overhang wires, satellite
dishes, offset building structures,
trees etc.
 It should be taken care in the initial
phase of the plant designing

27.  Self Shading
 self-shading of the modules may be
caused by the row of modules in
front.
 It can be avoided by optimizing the
distance between the module rows.
 A poorly designed system may
cause micro shading.

28.  Direct Shading
 It could significantly reduce the power output and has the potential to damage
the system.
 The closer the object, the darker the shadow will be.

29.  Solar PV technologies selection
 Why is it important?
 Available PV technologies
 Verdict
 Shading Analysis
 Types of Shadows
 Shading Assessment
 Infrastructure
 Monitoring and Forecasting

30. =
𝑎 𝑠×𝑑
𝑑 𝑠
𝑎 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖
Where, 𝑎 𝑠 = distance of Earth from Sun
𝑑 𝑠 = Diameter of Sun

31. =
𝑎 𝑠×𝑑
𝑑 𝑠
= 108 × 𝑑𝑎 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖
Where, 𝑎 𝑠 = distance of Earth from Sun
𝑑 𝑠 = Diameter of Sun

32. = 108 × 𝑑𝑎 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖
For example,
From overhang cable of 5cm, panels should be 5 × 108 = 5.4m away.

33.  Solar Pathfinder

34.  Software available for shading analysis
 Autodesk ECOTEC Analysis
 METEONORM
 Shadow Analyzer
 Shadows
 pvPlanner
 Amethyst ShadowFX
 Sombrero
 Panorama master
 Horizon
 GOSOL

35.  Current Status of Concentrator PhotovoltaicTechnology by Maike Wiesenfarth, Dr. Simon
P. Philipps, Dr. Andreas W. Bett, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE in
Freiburg, Germany
 Planning and installing photovoltaic systems by eartchscan publications
 T. Gerstmaier,T. Zech, M. Röttger, C. Braun, and A. Gombert, “Large-scale and long-term
CPV power plant field results,” in AIP Conference Proceedings 1679 (2015),Vol. 1679, p.
30002.
 Solar Photovoltaics : Fundamentals, Technologies and Applications by C. S. Solanki