Slides for a talk given by Aram Sinnreich to the Russian government and Google in Moscow, Spring 2011. Part of a daylong conference on intellectual property in the digital age, this talk focuses on six communities (three traditional, three emerging) that thrive in the absence of traditional copyright controls

1. Innovation and Ownership in Creative Communities Aram Sinnreich, Ph.D.Rutgers University School of Communication & Information

3. No concept of authorship or copyright…

5. Traditional Culture: Fashion “I don't think this diminishes Balenciaga's creativity at all. . . My question is always: Who can do it better? We're all savvy enough to know what's been borrowed and what hasn't.” - Julie Gilhart, Barney’s NY “Yes, I made a mistake. Now my team and I laugh about it, but at the time I was hurt by some of the things people wrote. But yes, absolutely I made a mistake. It was my fault.” - Nicolas Ghesquiere Kaisik Wong 1973 Nicolas Ghesquiere 2002

6. Emerging Culture: Mashups Danger Mouse, The Grey Album, 2004 “Unfair competition and dilution of our valuable property.” - EMI “Best Album of 2004” - Entertainment Weekly "I think it was a really strong album. I champion any form of creativity, and that was a genius idea” - Jay-Z

7. Emerging Culture: Dojinshi & Fan Subs “Companies like industry leader ADV wouldn’t have been successful without a fansubbing-built customer base. Indeed, the founders of ADV wouldn’t even have known about anime without fansubs.” – IP Attorney Jordan Hatcher “Without fan distribution, the fan network, the domestic industry, and thus the anime explosion, would not have taken off as it did in the 1990s.” - Sean Leonard, MIT

9. 2008: Journey’s “Revelation” album goes platinum