This document shows achievements of scholars in medicine from 2010 up to 2014

1. TThhee NNoobbeell PPrriizzee iinn
PPhhyyssiioollooggyy oorr
MMeeddiicciinnee
2010
 Robert G. Edwards
 Born: 27 September 1925, Batley, United
Kingdom
Died: 10 April 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of
Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
1

2. Prize motivation: "for the development of in vitro
fertilization"
Field: reproductive medicine
Prize share: 1/1
2011
 Bruce A. Beutler
 Born: 1957, Chicago, IL, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at
Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA, The Scripps
Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries
concerning the activation of innate immunity"
Field: immunity
2

3. Prize share: 1/4
 Jules A. Hoffmann
· Born: 1941, Echternach, Luxembourg
3

4. · Affiliation at the time of the award: University
of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
· Prize motivation: "for their discoveries
concerning the activation of innate immunity"
· Field: immunity
· Prize share: 1/4
4

5.  Ralph M. Steinman
· Born: 1943, Montreal, Canada
· Died: 30 September 2011
· Affiliation at the time of the award:
Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
· Prize motivation: "for his discovery of the
dendritic cell and its role in adaptive
immunity"
· Field: immunity
· Prize share: 1/2
5

6. 2012
 Sir John B. Gurdon
· Born: 2 October 1933, Dippenhall, United
Kingdom
· Affiliation at the time of the award: Gurdon
Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
· Prize motivation: "for the discovery that
mature cells can be reprogrammed to
6

7. become pluripotent"
· Field: genetics
· Prize share: 1/2
 Shinya Yamanaka
· Born: 4 September 1962, Osaka, Japan
7

8. · Affiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto
University, Kyoto, Japan, Gladstone
Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
· Prize motivation: "for the discovery that
mature cells can be reprogrammed to
become pluripotent"
· Field: genetics
· Prize share: 1/2
8

9. 2013
 James E. Rothman
· Born: 3 November 1950, Haverhill, MA, USA
· Affiliation at the time of the award: Yale
University, New Haven, CT, USA
· Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of
machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major
transport system in our cells"
· Field: biochemistry, cell physiology
9

10. · Prize share: 1/3
 Randy W. Schekman
· Born: 30 December 1948, St. Paul, MN,
USA
· Affiliation at the time of the award: University
of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Howard
Hughes Medical Institute
10

11. · Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of
machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major
transport system in our cells"
· Field: cell physiology, genetics
· Prize share: 1/3

Thomas C. Südhof
11

12. · Born: 22 December 1955, Göttingen,
Germany
· Affiliation at the time of the award: Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, USA, Howard
Hughes Medical Institute
· Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of
machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major
transport system in our cells"
· Field: cell physiology, neurophysiology
· Prize share: 1/3
12

13. 2014
 John O'Keefe
· Born: 1939, New York, NY, USA
· Affiliation at the time of the award: University
College, London, United Kingdom
· Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of
cells that constitute a positioning system in
the brain"
13

14. · Field: physiology, spatial behavior
· Prize share: 1/2
 May-Britt Moser
· Born: 1963, Fosnavåg, Norway
· Affiliation at the time of the award: Centre for
Neural Computation, Trondheim, Norway
14

15. · Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of
cells that constitute a positioning system in
the brain"
· Field: physiology, spatial behavior
· Prize share: 1/4
15

16.  Edvard Moser
· Born: 1962, Ålesund, Norway
· Affiliation at the time of the award: Kavli
Institute for Systems Neuroscience,
Trondheim, Norway
· Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of
cells that constitute a positioning system in
the brain"
· Field: physiology, spatial behavior
· Prize share: 1/4
16