kota stone and how it is used

1. GRANITE & KOTA STONE
KARTHIK SHETTY
NSS AKHIL
KETAN NAIDU
SACHIN GOLA
RAKSHITH REDDY
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2. Kota Stone is a fine-grained
variety of limestone, quarried at
Kota district, Rajasthan, India.
Many hundreds of mines are
located in or near the town of
Ramganj mandi and Kota district.
Kota stones at Kota, Rajasthan.
The rich greenish-blue and brown
colours of this stone are most
popular.
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KOTA BLUE
Wide range of polished Kota Blue Limestone, Paving
Slabs is recognized through its fine shade of bluish
green that adds liveliness to the interiors. High
durability and fine finish, the range of polished Blue
Natural Kota Stone and Kota Blue Polished
Limestone are offered to suit varying needs of
flooring and cladding.

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KOTA BLUE POLISHED TILES KOTA BLUE TUMBLED TILES KOTA BLUE FLOORING
KOTA BLUE NATURAL BRICKS KOTA BLUE COVINGS KOTA BLUE COBBLES
KOTA BLUE

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KOTA BROWN STONE
wide range of Kota Brown Stone, Cobbles Stone, Tiles
and Bricks are recognized through its fine shade of
Yellow Green and Brown . Variation in shade is its
inherent property . It adds liveliness to the interiors
and has been used in various prestigious projects
across Globe.

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Kota brown tumbled tiles Kota brown tumbled bricksKota brown tumble cobbles
Kota brown tiles Kota brown wall tiles

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KOTA STONE COVINGS
Kota Stone Covings are manufactured for pharmaceutical
floorings. i.e. for avoiding dust accumulation and easy
cleaning practice in pharmaceuticals flooring Corners
gives rise to bacterial, fungal or insect growth. Kota Stone
Covings are used in corners in such infrastructures where
hygiene is given the foremost priority. It can be said
technically that covings are used generally where clean
room concepts are used. Mostly such clean room
concepts are required in WHO-GMP certified
pharmaceuticals, food industry, dairy industries, many
other places where corners of floorings are avoided for
dust accumulation.

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Compressive Strength 21.75 kg/sq. mm 21.94 Kg/ sq. mm
Abrasion Resistance 18.12 (Abrasion value) 18.12 (Abrasion value)
Oil Absorption Nil Nil
Water Absorption 0.31 % 0.32 %
Moh Hardness No. will scratch -3
Calcite will not
Scratch- 2.1/2 Galena
will scratch -3
Calcite will not
Scratch- 2.1/2 Galena
Density 2.5 to 2.65 Kg/m3
Porosity Quite Low
Weather Impact Resistant
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical Properties of Kota Stone Kota Stone are Quite impervious, Hard,
Compact, fine to very fine grained calcareous rocks of sedimentary nature.

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Lime (CAO) 38-42%
Cilica(SiO2) 20-25%
Alumina (Al2O3) 2-4%
Other Oxides like Na, Mg 1.5 to 2.5%
Loss On Ignition (LOI) 30-32%
chemically, both Kota Stone are siliceous calcium carbonate rocks
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

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KOTA STONE FLOORING
Kota Stone is a limestone and famous for its low price and
beautiful colors. People like Kota stones due to its charming
appearance and long life. Kota stone has unique properties that
make it 1st choice for builders.
This is available in size of 600 × 600 mm which after dressing
becomes of size 500 × 500 mm and thickness 25-40 mm.
Flooring is done in same manner as in tiles flooring except bed is
made in 1: 4 ratio and bed thickness of 40 mm.

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR KOTA STONE
1.Kota Stone Flooring
1.1. Stone Slabs
The slab shall be of selected quality, hard, sound, dense and homogeneous in texture, free from cracks, decay,
weathering and flaws. They shall be hand or machine cut to the requisite thickness as indicated and they shall
be of uniform colour. The slabs shall have the top (exposed) face polished before being brought to site. Before
starting the work, Contractor shall get the sample of slabs approved by the Engineer-in-Charge.
1.2.Dressing of Slabs
Every slab shall be cut to the required size and shape and fine chisel dressed on the sides to the full depth so
that a straight edge laid along the side of the stone shall be in full contact with it. The sides (edges) shall be
table rubbed with coarse sand or machine rubbed before paving. All angles and edges of the slabs shall be true,
square and free from chippings and the surface shall be true and plane. For staircase treads, single piece slab to
full length and width of treads shall be provided. The nosing shall be rounded off and three parallel grooves ten
by ten (10mm x 10mm) immediately behind the nosing edge shall be provided to avoid skidding. Square or
circular holes shall be made carefully to accommodate M.S. Baluster in position .

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1.3 Preparation of Surface and Laying
1.3.1 Sub-grade concrete or the RCC slab on which the slabs are to be laid shall be cleaned, wetted and
mopped. The bedding for the slabs shall be with cement mortar and the thickness as indicated.
1.3.2 The slabs shall be laid in the following manner:- Mortar of the specified mix shall be spread under the
area of each slab, roughly to the average thickness as indicated. The slab shall be washed and cleaned before
laying. It shall be laid on top, pressed, tapped with wooden mallet and brought to level with the adjoining slabs.
It shall be lifted and laid aside. The top surface of the mortar shall then be corrected by adding fresh mortar at
hollows. The mortar is allowed to harden a bit and cement slurry of honey like consistency shall be spread over
the same at the rate of 4 kg of cement per square metre. The slab to be paved shall be lowered gently back in
position bedded in level. Subsequent slabs shall be laid in the same manner and joints between adjacent slabs
shall be as thin as possible and run in straight line. After each slab has been laid, surplus cement grout coming
out of the joints of the slabs shall be cleaned off. The surface of the flooring as laid shall be true to levels, lines
and shapes as instructed by the Engineer-in-Charge.
1.3.3 Slabs which are fixed in the floor adjoining the wall shall enter not less than twelve (12) mm under the
plaster skirting or dado. The junction between wall plaster and the floor shall be finished neatly and without
waviness..

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1.3.4 Curing, Polishing and Finishing
1.3.4.1. The floor shall be kept wet for a minimum period of seven (7) days. The surface shall thereafter be ground
evenly with machine fitted with fine grade blocks . The final grinding with machine fitted with the finest grade grit
blocks shall be carried out the day after the first grinding described above or before handing over the floor, as ordered
by the Engineer-in-Charge.
1.3.4.2. For small areas or where circumstances so require, hand polishing may be permitted in lieu of machine
polishing after laying. For hand polishing the following Carborundum stones shall be used.
1st grinding - Medium Grade Stone Final Grinding - Fine Grade
1.3.4.3 In all other respects, the process shall be similar as for machine polishing.
1.3.4.4 After the final polish, oxalic acid shall be dusted over the surface at the rates of thirty three (33) gms. per
square metre sprinkled with water and rubbed hard with pad of wooden rags. The following day the floor shall be
wiped with a moist rag and dried with a soft cloth and finished clean
1.3.4.5 If any slab is disturbed or damaged, it shall be refitted or replaced, properly jointed and polished. The finished
floor shall not sound hollow when tapped with wooden mallet.

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Advantages/Benefits of using Kota stone flooring:
Kota stone flooring is a fine, combine of magnificence and luxury giving used in the interior and exterior to enhance
the look of the building.
Kota stone is hard, tough, oil resistant, and non-water absorbent, non-slippery and have excellent stone resolvability.
They are available in slabs and tiles form and can be set in any pattern of flooring.
Kota stone can be finished in various ways according to requirement such as Natural Cleft both faces, one side Honed,
Both sides Honed, Hand Cut/Machine Cut/ Polished, Mirror Finish and Calibrated etc.
Kota Stone is available in natural shades and it can be cut in to any size and shape as per the requirement.
Honey shade blue/green shade brown shade

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It is an excellent building stone for humid regions and freezing
regions, and it is non-porous and non-observant to water.
Kota stone floors are heavy and they are set on strong base of
base coat.
Kota Stone is the ideal flooring material in the building and out
side the building to impart a stronger and luxurious look to the
floors
Ideal Kota Stone Flooring for Lobby/Corridors
Minimal kota stone design is getting attention on stairs

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It is the cheapest stones among the other natural stones.
Kota stone are available in different sizes slab/ tiles of 30x30, 40x40,
30x60, 40x60, 60x60, 50 x50, 55x55, and 60x90 centimeters.
Cheap and durable Kota Stone Flooring for exterior flooringPorch/Sitting area floor is made of Kota Stone

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Disadvantages
It is not available in big slab sizes like marble or granite. Kota is a variety of
limestone which is very fragile hence it is available in smaller sizes.
Continuous usage of Kota stone might result in flaking. However if it is well
maintained and polished regularly flaking of the stone might be prevented.
Its surface finish is not so lustrous as marble or granite.

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THANK YOU