1. NOMAN GHALIB

2. 
“Doing business in different state is like
doing business in 30 countries”

3. 
Segmentation

Targeting

positioning

4. product

Both the physical and chemical aspects
of a product are affected by laws
seeking to protect consumers. Such
laws may prescribe standards for
purity, safety and performance.

5. price

Prices are also affected by taxes such
as sales tax, value added tax, import tax
and port tax.

6. place

There are laws in most countries
covering the physical distribution

7. promotion
• Prohibitions on advertising certain products
• Prohibitions on using certain words and
expressions
• Limitation on extent of promotional
expenditure
• Content and style of advertisement
• Other promotional elements

8. 
For any business, the policies of govt can
have deciding implications

Licensing

Regulations

Formalities

taxes

9. Government should protect
and impose policies

Ownership extent restriction

Clear guidelines for investors

Encourage transfer of managerial
skills, intellectual property and
technology (licensing)

10. 
A firm will favor investment over
exporting when transportation costs and
trade barriers are high

tariffs

11. Quota(volume)
 mostly imposed to reduce imports and
enhance local production


12. 

Should restrict import of inputs for a
manufacturing firm
e.g. can import 30% of its input

13. 
FDI should be allowed except

Atomic energy

Agriculture

Gambling

plantation

14. advantages
Increase in exports
 Increase in tax revenues
 Development of human capital
resources
 Promotion of competition
 Employment generation
 BOP effect
 A better accelerator for economic
development


15. Should…

Provide tax breaks to local investors

Subsidies

Restrict foreign investors into the sector
where you are good

16. 
Provide physical protection

Provide copy write protection

Tax breaks

Should not compromise on soverenity

Should be careful about national defense