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1. LOCUS RAGS
Causes Of Online Bullying
Pankaj Kumar
12/23/2018

2. Causes Of Online Bullying
Introduction
Bullying is a by-product of the
capitalist society that advocates
for personal advancement over
any other goals. From a young
age, children are encouraged to be
the best they can be. Instincts push
people to achieve these results at
any cost. The overriding instinct
in most instances is personal
survival and the need to dominate
others. If an individual does not
have the right values, they devise
ways to intimidate othersout of the
competition. In the past incidents
of bullying were limited to the
relatively few cases of face-to-
face bullying. All this has changed
in the information age.
Proliferation of communication
devices combined with the
internet provides fertile ground for
bullying. One reason that could
explain the rise in Cyberbullying
is the anonymity that the internet
affords. People know that they do
not have to account for their actions online and therefore tend to be more belligerent than
usual. In the past the threat of physical confrontation in bullying was always present,
however, the internet has largely diminished that threat.
Forms of cyber bullying
Cyberbullying refers to a range of activities done online that are harmful to the well-being of
the victim (NoBullying.com). These may take the form of flaming where an argument
between two people quickly spreads to include more people each taking one side of the
argument and hurling insults to people on the other side. Another form is harassment, where a
bully humiliates the victim by sending hurtful images, text messages, or emails about the
victim. This form of bullying has grown with the recent trend of making memes. Memes are
images containing a message meant to ridicule the victim. Denigration is another form of
Cyberbullying; the bully attacks and tarnishes the victims through spreading false
information about them.
Impersonation is another form of Cyberbullying. The bully assumes the identity of another
person with malicious intent. Closely related to this is outing where someone gains personal
information about the victim using dishonest means such as impersonation. The bully then
publicizes that information with the aim of humiliating the victim.We also have stalking
which involves following the victim online in an unjustified way. As

3. illustrated,Cyberbullying involves a myriad of activities taking place in the online space.
These activities involve both passive and active participation by victims and bullies
(InDirect)
Causes of online bullying
Online bullying may happen for several reasons. First, bullying by popular kids happens
because they want to maintain their popularity (Donegan 35). Such people use bullying to
validate their popularity. Often, this requires the support of backers and henchmen who
remain on the sidelines cheering actively and passively as the bully brings down the victim.
This kind of bullying is likely to target famous people since attacking them provides the bully
with potential for attracting more attention. In addition to popularity, hurting others makes
such people feel powerful. The more people they bully the more powerful they become.
Taking on famous figures boosts the power of such bullies to even greater heights
(NoBullying.com).
The other group of online bullies is people who are less socially successful. This group forms
the bulk of cyber bullies. They find solace in bullying as it helps them cope with their low
self-esteem. Their objective is to fit in with their peers and bullying provides a chance to help
them achieve thisgoal (InDirect). Cyberbullying requires even less courage than traditional
forms of bullying. The internet with its anonymity helps people show their true colours.
Cyber bullies might not be bullies in real life but since the internet provides them with
anonymity, they take advantage of that to bully others (Donegan 37).
Effectsof Cyberbullying
Studies have shown that bullying causes emotional damage to its victims though most of
these victims find it difficult to admit it. In a study involving over 3000 students, researchers
learnt that out of all bullying victims, 38% felt vengeful, 37% were angry, while 24%felt
helpless. Another study conducted by the Cyberbullying Research Centre using a sample size
of 468 students drew almost similar conclusions. They found that out of all the female
victims 39% felt frustrated, 36% felt angry and 25% felt sad about it, the males figures were
27%, 36% and 17% for each of those respective categories. Females seem to show high
susceptibility to bullying than males. However,this is hardly surprising since males tend to
admit emotional weakness less readily than their female counterpartsdo (Hinduja & Patchin
1).
Sociologist Robert Agnew developed the Great Strain Theory,which hypothesizes that
victims of bullying can develop problematic emotions, which cause deviant behaviour. The
victim goes through a vicious cycle and this can result to the victim developing antisocial
behaviour as they try to process their emotions and find an outlet for their anger and
frustration (Hinduja and Patchin 5).
Bullying also takes a toll on the bully. According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention report, over 60% of males with bullying tendencies between grade
six and nine were later convicted of at least one crime in their adult life. This is in
comparison to 23% of people who did not bully. Forty per cent of these former bullies got at
least three conviction by the time they were age 24 years; this is in comparison to 10% of
those who were not bullies (Donegan, 37). When bullies use bullying as a coping mechanism
it leads to development of a vicious cycle for both the victim and the bully (Oleus 8).

4. Evidently,bullying has a heavy toll on the society, the effects of this habit are long lasting,and
some individuals feel the repercussions throughout their life.
Cyberbullying and Legislation
Though the effects of Cyberbullying are evident, the legal situation is not as clear-cut as the
social situation. Freedom of speech receives such a high degree of importance that even law
enforcers prefer to err on the side of caution than be seen as curtailing this very important
right(Wiseman). The anonymity of the internet makes the situation even more challenging.
Prosecuting faceless people would prove to be a tall order for law enforcers.
Another challenge is lack of strong laws to address this situation. Even when cases of
Cyberbullying are reported, the legal repercussions do not match the severity of the crimes
committed(Donegan 38). Consider the case of New Jersey V Dharun Ravi, 2010 as narrated
by NoBullying.com. In the summer of that year, Tyler Clementi started sharing that he was
gay. Clementi’s roommate at Rutgers University was Dharun Ravi. One day Ravi used a
webcam to stream footage of Clementi kissing another man. Ravi uploaded this video link
online and instantly Clementi became the subject of ridicule within the campus. Due to this
embarrassment, he committed suicide by jumping off a bridge. Less than a week later Ravi
and Molly Wei, a hall mate whose computer Ravi had used, were charged with invasion of
privacy. Wei entered a plea bargain to testify againstRavi who got a conviction and a
sentence of 30 days in jail.
This case illustrates the typical Cyberbullying prosecution set-up. While the actions of Ravi
led to the death Clementi, the legal repercussionswere nominal. After this case, the Tyler
Clementi Higher Education Anti-Harassment act was passed requiring colleges to institute
tough anti-harassment policies and expand their anti-bullying programs. This is another
typical feature of Cyberbullyinglaws; they are mostly made after a high profile case has
caught the attention of lawmakers (Donegan 39).
Recommendation
Solutions to Cyberbullying will come from solving the general problem of bullying since
Cyberbullying is only a subset of the wider problem of bullying. Wiseman reports a study
conducted in Nevada that identified six essential elements in dealing with bullying in schools;
availability of a reporting procedure, integration in the curriculum, student-centred approach
with students taking the initiative of stopping the practice, prevention rather than punishment,
effective punishment to deter the practice, and keeping up with technology. A solution to
bullying must incorporate all stakeholders involved in growth of a child starting with parents
and teachers (Wiseman).
Conclusion
Capitalism subconsciously fosters bullying by placing pressure on individuals to succeed.
However, this is not a reason to tolerate this vice. Competition is only good if it is fair and
productive. The rise in bullying should be viewed in the context of moral decay of the
society.Advances in information technology and emergence of social media have led to the
evolution of bullying with new forms of bullying occurring in this new space. The toll of
bullying in society is huge and steps must be taken to address this menace through legal and
social means.