Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Bohr Rutherford Atomic Model
1. Bohr – Rutherford Atomic
Model
Objectives:
4.9 To describe the simplified atomic
model currently in use (Bohr-
Rutherford)
2. Bohr & Rutherford combined their
theories to create the current
simplified atomic model
The atom is made up of three sub-
atomic particles:
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
Bohr – Rutherford Atomic
Model:
5. Nucleus:
Contains protons & neutrons
Overall positive charge (+)
Contains nearly all mass (dense)
Electrons:
Located outside
nucleus
Easily moved, lost
or gained
Negative charge (-)
6. Every atom has a symbol & two
numbers associated with it.
Ex.
The Atom – Important Info:
C
12
6
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number
•The mass of an atom
•The bigger number
•The number of protons & neutrons
•The number of protons
•The smaller number
Since atoms are neutral,
the number of protons (+)
equals the number of electrons (-)
7. For the following atom, state the…
i) atomic mass
ii) atomic number
iii) # of protons
iv) # of electrons
v) # of neutrons
O
16
8
16
8
8
8
16 – 8 = 8
8. For the following atom, state the…
i) atomic mass
ii) atomic number
iii) # of protons
iv) # of electrons
v) # of neutrons
Na
23
11
23
11
11
11
23 – 11 = 12
9. For the following atom, state the…
i) atomic mass
ii) atomic number
iii) # of protons
iv) # of electrons
v) # of neutrons
Ar
40
18
40
18
18
18
40 – 18 = 22
10. Cu
64
29
64
29
29
29
64 – 29 = 35
For the following atom, state the…
i) atomic mass
ii) atomic number
iii) # of protons
iv) # of electrons
v) # of neutrons
11. For the following atom, which
statement is TRUE?
P 31
15
A) The atomic number is 31.
B) The atom has 15 neutrons.
C) The atom has 16 electrons.
D) The atom has 15 protons & 15 electrons.
12. Given a neutral atom, which statement
is TRUE?
A) An atom always has the same number of
electrons as neutrons.
B) Electrons & neutrons are found in the
nucleus.
C) The atomic number states the number of
neutrons.
D) An atom always has the same number of
electrons as protons.
13. Atoms are made up of:
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
Protons & Neutrons are located in
the nucleus
Electrons are located outside the
nucleus
14. An atom’s atomic number is equal to
the number of protons (smaller
number)
An atom is neutral, therefore the
number of protons & electrons are
equal
An atom’s atomic mass is equal to
the protons & neutrons together
(bigger number)
16. Recall, in the Bohr-Rutherford atomic
model, electrons are located outside
the nucleus
Electrons are organized into:
Electron shells or
Energy levels or
Orbitals
Electrons:
Be familiar with
all the terms,
especially the
first two
17. Each electron shell differs in size &
the number of electrons it can hold
(capacity)
Electrons:
Electron
Shell
Capacity
1st 2 electrons
2nd 8 electrons
3rd 8 electrons*
4th 2 electrons*
Shows maximum #
of electrons in
each shell
Shells can be partially
filled or empty
*Simplified –
3rd shell holds 18 electrons
4th shell holds 32 electrons
18. Is a picture of an atom, showing its
protons, electrons & neutrons.
Ex.
Bohr – Rutherford Diagram:
Protons =
Electrons=
Neutrons=
3
3
4
3 P+
4 N0 2 e- 1 e-
Li
7
3
23. Be9
4
Which of the following diagrams best
represents the Bohr-Rutherford model of…
A)
4 P+
5 N0
2 e-
3 e-
B)
5 P+
4 N0 2 e- 2 e-
C)
4 P+
5 N0
2 e- 2 e-
24. Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for
each of the following atoms:
P
31
15
N
14
7
Al
27
13
15 P+
16 N0
2 e-
8 e-
5 e-
7 P+
7 N0
2 e-
5 e- 13 P+
14 N0
2 e-
8 e-
3 e-
25. Electrons are located outside the
nucleus in electron shells
In the…
1st shell – 2 electrons
2nd shell – 8 electrons
3rd shell – 8 electrons*
4th shell – 2 electrons*
In Bohr-Rutherford diagrams:
Place Protons & Neutrons in nucleus
Place Electrons in appropriate shells
Find the
number of
Protons,
Electrons &
Neutrons