1. 0. Introduction
1) Basic Terms of DB Systems
2) Database Management System
1. Database System Concepts
1) Data Model
2) Database Model
2. Database Architecture
1) Schemas vs. Instances
2) DB Languages and Interfaces

2. ◈ Database:
Integrated collection of stored operational data used
by the application systems of a particular enterprise.
★ Examples:
Retail sector-department stores, Food outlets,
Mass storage-weather records,
Health industry - patient records, etc.

3. ◈ Data vs. Information
★Data:
* Raw facts, concepts, characters, analog quantitie
* A formalized manner suitable for communication or
processing by humans.
* Data items to supply some information about an entity.
★Information:
Meaning that a human assigns to data by means of the
known conventions used in their representation.

4. ◈ Data vs. Information
Data
Information

5. ◈ Field, Columns, Record, Row, File
Field:
Group of characters with specific meaning.
Columns:
Columns corresponding to the attributes of the object.
Record:
Logically connected fields that describe a person, place, or thing.
Row:
A row consists of one set of attributes (or one tuple) corresponding
to one instance of the entity that a table schema describes.
File:
Collection of related records.

6. Definition:
A collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain
the database.
Advantages of DBMS:
Providing storage structure for efficient query processing.
Restricting unauthorized users.
Providing concurrency, backup and recovery.
Enforcing integrity constraints.
Disadvantages of DBMS:
Centralization
Reporting features may not be available in rDBMS.