bioenergy

1. Current Technological Barriers and Corresponding Technological
Advances in Bio-energy and Bio-refinery
BY NITINJAY SINGH

2. CONTENT
• CONCEPT OF BIOREFINERY
• BIOHYDROGEN
• BIOMETHANE
• BIOETHANOL

3. BIOREFINERY

4. BIOHYDROGEN

5. TECHNOLOGICAL BARRIERS
Dark fermentation
• Incomplete substrate conversion
• Difficult fermented substrate utilization
• Inefficient and costly pretreatment methods
• Low H2 production
Photo fermentation
• Needs high intensity light
• Low solar energy utilization
• Low photosynthetic conversion efficiency
• Oxygen intolerant photo-biological enzymes

6. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
• Improvising H2 yield by two-step hybrid fermentation process
• Strain improvement by replacing nitrogenizes with hydrogenases by process
engineering
• Nutrient manipulation and increased substrate utilization .
• Development of new metabolic pathways by gene manipulations
• Use of renewable biomass, agricultural waste and bio waste

7. BIOMETHANE

8. TECHNOLOGICAL BARRIERS
• Low percentage of methane and its production
• Handling and storage of Bio-methane
• Extraction
• Long duration process.

9. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
Pre-treatment

10. Enhancement biogas production Techniques
Anaerobic Co-digestion
• Simultaneous digestion of two or more organic
• Use of co-digestion process usually improves the biogas yields
from anaerobic conditions.

11. Bio-Methane upgrading and cleaning technologies
Enhancement of calorific value by removing CO2
Membrane technology
Cryogenic technique
Pressurized water scrubbing

12. BIOETHANOL
Pretreatment •Removed lignin & hemicellulose
Hydrolysis •Cellulose to glucose
Fermentation •Glucose to
ethanol

13. TECHNOLOGICAL BARRIERS
• Low Yield
• High production cost
• Complex Process

14. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
• Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
• Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP)

15. Recent developments for improvisation of bioethanol
production
PRE-TREATMENT
• Ozonolysis
• Steam Explosion
• Microbes based pretreatment

16. REFERENCES

17. THANK YOU