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Composite material
- 2. What is Material ? • Large group of atoms agglomerated together • Naturally available material & Synthesized
- 4. Material Mechanical Property Electrical Property Thermal Property Magnetic Property Optical Property
- 5. Types of material depending on the property of material Homogenous • Uniform properties throughout body Non- Homogenous • Non Uniform properties throughout body Isotropic • Same Property in all direction. Especially strength and elastic Property Anisotropic • Properties are different in all direction Orthotropic • Properties are different in 3 mutually perpendicular direction
- 6. COMPOSITES MATERIAL Latin word : Componere –To bring together Two or more distinct constituents combined together with different physical and chemical properties Homogenous at Macroscopic Level Heterogeneous at Microscopic level Matrix Reinforcement Significant difference of each constituents o Shape o Chemical composition o Insoluble to each other o Chemical Inertness
- 7. Role of Matrix Role of Reinforcement • To bind reinforcement together • To transfer Stress equally to fiber • Protection to reinforcement from environmental effect • High Strength • Stiffness • Improved Mechanical Property Role Of Sugar Syrup and Boondi in Laddoo
- 8. History of composites • Natural Composites • Man Made Composite Wood Lignin Cellulose Bone Collagen HAP Mineral Crystal Brick Mud Straw Concrete Cement Gravel
- 10. Advantages Reduced Weight & High Strength High Stiffness Wear & Corrosion Resistance Fatigue Life Thermal conductivity Disadvantages Fabrics are hard on tooling Hidden defect are difficult to locate Inspection requires special tools and process High cost of raw material Human health and safety constraints Analysis of composite is difficult due to heterogeneity and orthotrophy Training of labour is essential Environmental issues like disposal and waste management
- 11. Application
- 13. Matrix
- 15. Thermoplastic Soften upon heat and Pressure Repairable Reprocessed High Strain require to Failure Short Curing Cycle Non Tacky Excellent Resistant to solvent High Processing Temperature Thermosetting Decomposes on heating Non Repairable Cannot be Reprocessed Low Strain require to Failure Long Curing Cycle Tacky Fair Resistant to solvent Lower Processing Temperature
- 16. Advantages of Thermoplastic • Higher Toughness • High Volume • Low Cost Processing • Temperature range upto 225o C Advantages of Thermosetting • Light Weight • Better Moisture resistance • Resistant to Environment Exposure
- 17. Advantages • Higher Strength and Toughness • Moisture Resistant • High Thermal Conductivity Disadvantages • Corrosive • Heavier • Degradation at Fiber/Matrix Interfaces
- 18. Advantages • Can withstand Higher Temperature Range upto 2000oC • High Elastic Modulus • Low Density Disadvantages • Brittle in Nature
- 19. Temperature Scale Polymers Metal Ceramics
- 20. Reinforcement
- 21. Classification of Reinforcement I . Based on its size Reinforcement Fiber Whisker Flakes Particulates
- 22. Fiber reinforcement Individual filament of material Length to diameter ration is above 1000 Fibers Natural Fiber Animal Fiber Plant or Vegetable Fiber Mineral Fiber Advanced Fiber Ex: Silk, Wool, Camel Hair etc Ex: Jute , Coir , Banana etc Ex: Basalt , Asbestos Ex: Carbon,Glass, Graphite,Alumin a etc According to its Source , Fibers are classified
- 23. According to its Forms , Fibers are classified Fibers Continuous Fiber Short/Chopped Fiber Whisker Flakes Particulate Very Long and unbroken Before being used Fibers chopped into small piece Perfect single crystal fiber Short, Discontinuous, Polygonal in cross section • Small, Flat, Thin piece or larger piece • 2D geometry, Exhibits equal strength in all direction of the planes • Packed more dense when laid parallel Size of the particle will be of few micron in diameter Increase the modulus and decrease ductility The load carried by the particle is much larger than matrix
- 24. According to orientation of fiber, composites are classified Orientation of fiber Continuous Fiber Unidirectional Single Layer Woven Bidirectional Single layer Lamina Multilayer Laminates Hybrid 3 Dimensional Discontinuous Fiber Random Orientation Preferred Orientation
- 25. First synthetic composite material was fiberglass developed in 1930