2. INTRODUCTION
Bronze Baby Syndrome Intense grey-brown discoloration
of the skin, serum, and urine, especially in premature
infants; when phototherapy was used to reduce hyper-
bilirubinemia . Pre-existing hepatic disease is suspected
as a cause of the jaundice and may have prevented the
biliary excretion of the photo oxidation products of
bilirubin; their retention resulted in the bronze
discoloration
3. DEFINITION
Bronze baby syndrome is the dark grey-
brown pigmentation of skin, mucous membrane, and
urine following phototherapy. Hepatic dysfunction has to
be there for this condition to be present. We report a
neonate with dark brown pigmentation of the skin
4. CASUS & RISK FACTORS
ďThe exact cause of the gray -brown discoloration in bronze
baby syndrome is uncertain
ďPremature infants
ďundernourished or underweight
ďReduced liver (hepatic) function
ďReduced kidney (renal) function
ďHigh dose of chloramphenicol
5. Pathogenesis
⢠Proposed mechanisms including photodestruction of
porphyrin and deposition in the skin or a deposition of a
photo-isomer of bilirubin the skin
6. Clinical manifestation
⢠Dark gray - brown discoloration of the entire skin surface, fading
approximately 6 weeks after stopping phototherapy
⢠Fussiness
⢠Poor feeding
⢠Weakness
⢠Vomiting
⢠Changes in mental status such as lethargy and less alertness
(obtundation)
⢠Pale appearance (pallor)
7. CONTIâŚ
⢠Ashen-gray colour of the skin
⢠Abdominal tenderness
⢠Abdominal distention
⢠Hypotension (low blood pressure)
⢠Cyanosis causing blue lips, blue nails and bluish skin
⢠Respiratory distress
⢠Low body temperature
8. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
oBlood tests .
oCT scan,
o abdominal X-rays, or abdominal ultrasound
oElectrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography
11. CONTIâŚ
ďąNON PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT
ďźExchange Transfusion: Here, a major part of your babyâs blood
will be removed and replaced with fresh blood group matched
blood or plasma using a catheter.
ďźHaemodialysis: With this, the toxins are removed from your
babyâs bloodstream and a balance is achieved in potassium and
sodium levels to stabilise the babyâs blood pressure
ďźOxygen therapy
12. PREVENTION
ďAnte-natal screening to detect Rh iso -immunization &
prompt administration of Anti D after first obstetric event.
ďEnsure adequate breast feeding.
ď Educate parent about danger signs to ensure immediate
checkup.
ďFollow-up high risk babies( large cephalohematoma, family
history of jaundice) for 2-3 days of discharge
13. FOLLOWUP
oBabies with serum bilirubin>20 mg/dl & those
who required ET should be kept under follow-
up in high-risk clinic for neurodevelopmental
outcome.
oHearing assessment should be done at 3months
of age.
14. CONCLUSION
Bronze baby syndrome (BBS) is an extremely rare
dyschromia occurring in neonates with a raised
conjugated bilirubin level under phototherapy âŚ