Heart-Related Disorders Survey Analysis

Surgery Related Negligence Case Study
A jury recently reached its decision in a case that involved allegations of surgery–related negligence. The case was the 2nd largest medical malpractice
verdict in Pennsylvania history. The case was against William Norwood, the world famous cardiothoracic heart surgeon, who performed an
unauthorized surgical procedure on Stephen Gault, leaving him severely brain damaged and in permanent need of long–term care. Stephen had a small
narrowing in the aorta, "the blood vessel that leaves the heart and goes to all organs of the body." This condition is known as a "Coarctation of the
Aorta" and it required a simple operation through the rib cage to correct it. He also had a small hole in his heart which was closing on it own and the
his doctor reported
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Neovascular Age-Related Eye Disease Study
The effect of omega–3 long–chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (LCPUFA) on neovascular age–related macular degeneration (NV AMD) and
central geographic atrophy (CGA) over a 12 year intake was studied through a prospective cohort study. The cohort was from the Age–Related Eye
Disease Study (AREDS), which is a large phase 3 clinical trial that has tested nutrient and vitamin supplement formulations as prevention methods for
AMD. Categories of AMD and risk of progression were determined by the size and extent of drusen and abnormalities of the retinal pigment epithelium
(RPE) in each eye, the evaluation of stereoscopic photographs, and visual acuity (SanGiovanni et al., 2009). AREDS supported that individuals with the
highest intake of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Blue Mountain Eye Study, one serving of fish per week was associated with reduced risk of early AMD onset among patients with less than the
median baseline alpha–linoleic acid consumption (Krishnadev, Meleth, & Chew, 2010). In a prospective study of participants in the Nurses' Health
Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Study, diets that were high in omega–3 LCPUFAs were inversely associated with risk of AMD when intake of
linoleic acid was low at baseline (Semba, 2007). The NHS and Health Professionals' Follow–up Study, consisting of 72,000 participants, indicated that
individuals with the highest DHA intakes are at a reduced risk for AMD. In an intervention trial, participants with a high intake of DHA showed
increased macular pigment optical density (MPOD), which is an indicator of healthy retinas (Schleicher, Weikel, Garber & Taylor, 2013). Data was
compiled from meta–analyses, population–based cohort studies, and case–controlled trials from Medline, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, and Google
Scholar shows that patients with intermediate risk of AMD or advanced AMD benefit from omega–3 fatty acids (Sin, Liu & Lam, 2013). The effects of
lutein, zeaxanthin and other carotenoids intakes

Related Cases: A Case Study
RELATED CASES: None
SUPPORT DOCUMENTS: None
On 02/29/2016, Anthony Tarropino contacted the Pasco Sheriff`s Office by telephone to report a Grand Theft.
Mr. Tarrapino advised sometime between 10/1/2015 and 02/27/2016, an unknown suspect stole three watches out of his packed personal belongings.
Mr. Tarrapino said he and hisfamily relocated to Hudson from New York in June of 2015. He advised a lot of property was still packed in boxes. He
stated he and his wife are getting a divorce and on 02/27/2016, he returned to New York.
Mr. Tarrapino stated while packing his belonging and loading the boxes that were still packed from the move in June, 2015, he discovered three of his
expensive watches were not in the boxes,

Unit 5 Research-Related Study In Nursing
Synthesis Chronic diseases, such as T2DM and CVD, require significant lifestyle modifications that may be perceived as undesirable to some patients.
A loss of autonomy and control over their chronic disease, as well as negative relationships with CM doctors, were two major influences for seeking
other treatment options. Warren (2012), addressed the attitudes of doctors as dismissive and disbelieving, and patients found that they did not partner
with them in the treatment of their disease, but instead reinforced their superiority. In addition, it was stated that the regimens prescribed by their
doctors were highly disruptive to their lives and forced them to comply with regular treatment and monitoring of their disease. CAM users also felt...
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A knowledge deficit is revealed in the five research studies and indicates there is a need for further education in regards to CAM therapies. Nurses
play an active role in patient care, and understanding the positive and negative effects of CAM use will benefit them greatly. According to Shorofi
and Arbone (2010), knowledge of CAM is important to the future development of nursing practice because an increasing use by the public creates a
challenge to nurses who must manage this aspect of care. As CAM grows in popularity, it will become more prevalent in thehealth care system and will
have an effect on, nurse–patient relationships. In addition, a solid foundation of the adverse reactions between alternative therapies and medications is
crucial to delivering safe treatment. Patients who are diagnosed with T2DM and CVD require extensive therapy and lifestyle modifications to manage
their disease process. Fatal reactions and mortality can result from misuse of the two treatments concurrently. For this reason, it was stressed in all
studies that further education programs for CAM need to be implemented with a focus on nurses who are the primary educators in the health care

Case Study Age Related Macular Degeneration
If you were a retina specialist, how would the data in this case affect your drug procurement processes, your clinical practices, and your
recommendations to patients? Would that decision be affected by the fact that Medicare allows a markup of 6% on outpatient injectable?
It is no secret that health care delivery is impacted by economic factors and physicians are face each day with the dilemma of how to enhance their
practice bottom–line. However, my practice will be concern with my patients' choice of treatment. Even, when the use Lucentis would increase my
practice profits my approach will be patient choice through educating them regarding both available medicines and have access to both drugs.
If you had Age–related Macular Degeneration(AMD)–acronym

Heart-Related Disorders: A Case Study
Out of 20 randomly selected adults surveyed, 9 of these adults are diagnosed with a heart–related problem. This is quite a big number considering that
it is 45% (9/20 x 100) of the adults interviewed (almost half of the sample size). I am now aware that heart–related problems are common amongst
adults and according to cdc.gov heart disease is said to be the leading cause of death for both men and women – further justifying my research.
According to my survey analysis these ailments are slightly more common amongst women considering 5 adults out of the 9 diagnosed were women
while only 4 were men. However according to livestrong.com my statistics gathered were not credible as men are at higher risk for heart disease as
opposed to women as a result of their sex hormones – estradiol and estrone were proven to be linked to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to research, more than 75 percent of women aged 40 to 60 have one or more risk factors for heart disease (nhlbi.nih.gov) this justifies my
research that women may develop heart–related problems earlier than men as the average age for men to be diagnosed with a heart–related problem is
at the age of 65 (health.harvard.edu). According to my results, 7 out of the 9 people diagnosed are actually medicating their ailments suggesting that
a lot of the people diagnosed are actually committed to treating their problem however 2 out of the 9 people are not treating their problem due to a
lack of discipline, preference of natural remedies, fear of side effects and ignorance towards their ailment. According to cdc.gov, many of those
diagnosed are in fact treating their ailment whoever those not treating their ailments were said to be those oppressed and unable to seek health care. So
all in all, research deduces that the majority of those diagnosed with heart–related problems are medicating their ailments

Case Study Pain Related To Hip Fracture
1. Pain related to hip fracture. 1. Patient will verbalize relief from pain during my shift on 02/05/2017
Administer pain medication as indicated.
Medicate before an activity to decrease the level of pain.
.
Consider cultural influences on pain response.
Monitor patient's vita sings for signs of pain including heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate every 2 hours.
Assess pain level every 2 hours and administer pain medication as needed.Pain medication will help to reduce produce by the fracture and tissue
damage.
Turning and ambulation after activities will be enhanced if pain is controlled or tolerable because promotes muscle relaxation.
Each person experiences and expresses pain in an individual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Risk for Infection related to invasive procedure.1. Patient will remain free from infection during my shift on 02/05/2017.
Monitor white blood cell (WBC) count
Administer IV antibiotics as prescribed.
Assess temperature every 4 hours and report temperature of > 38.5 C.
Assess and monitor nutritional status, weight loss, and serum albumin.

Encourage use of incentive spirometer, coughing and deep breathing exercises. Low WBC count may indicate a severe risk for infection. In older
patients, infection may be present without an increased WBC count.
The use of prophylactic antibiotics will aid in the prevention of infection.
Increase temperature is usually the first sign of infection.
Patients with poor nutritional status may be anergic or unable to elicit a cellular immune response to fight infection. Low albumin levels is an
indicative of decrease nutritional status.
Helps reduce stasis of secretions in the lungs and the bronchial tree. When stasis occurs, pathogens can cause upper respiratory tract infections and
pneumonia. The incentive spirometer aids to prevent atelectasis of the alveoli.Patient's WBC were on the normal parameter (11.6). Patient did not
present signs and symptoms of

Sickle Cell-Related Disease: A Case Study
Madsen et al. developed this classification to asthmatic, cardiac, lymphatic, and sickle cell–related disease states(10, 13, 14). Madsen et al.(10, 13)
defined this classification depending on the analysis of prior case studies. Cardiac patients mentioned by them consist of eight Fontan patients, one
Glenn shunt patient and three Blalock–Taussig shunt patients. The casts can be immediately expectorated and sometimes patients will cough up large
amount from their tracheobronchial tree(14). If the patients do not expectorate, it may delay the diagnosis(14). Patients often need bronchoscopy for
the expulsion of cast(14). It is a rare condition that is mentioned in asthma and sickle cell disease patients and has higher mortality in patients with
congenital heart disease(10, 13) and death is not unusual due to the occlusion of airway from a cast(14). The pathophysiology and management of
plastic bronchitis is not clear due to insufficient clinical data. Over the years, plastic bronchitis has been labeled by various names as Hoffman's
bronchitis, cast bronchitis, fibrinous ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Brogan et al. used acetylcysteine, urokinase, tPA and DNase to incubate a cast from a Fontan patient in vitro(13). It indicated that acetylcysteine had
the huge impact to soften the casts. The practice of inhaled DNAse has produced the favorable outcome(11, 18). Use of corticosteroid was also
favorable to treat an 8–year–old patient who had Fontan circulation with casts and mild eosinophilic infiltration(46). Based on limited data, it seems
that the use of anti–inflammatory therapy may primarily benefit eosinophilic–type

Age-Related Macular Degeneration Case Study
Age–related macular degeneration (AMD) can take two possible forms. Neovascular AMD (wet–AMD) or non–neovascular AMD (dry–AMD) as
discussed in the introduction. The available treatment involved in curing patients suffering from AMD differs between the two types of the disease.
Neovascular AMD has previously been treated by coagulation therapies of the blood vessel present in the fovea (part of the retina where the ability of
vision is the highest). These therapies involve the use of infrared laser light to destroy any additional or new vascular cells in the fovea with the
objective of avoiding the leakage of blood vessels. This would prevent photoreceptors from further being damaged and so won't deteriorate vision any
further. However, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, according to Giacalone et al, the use of anti–VEGF agents is more effective for the treatment of wet AMD. This method of treating wet
AMD both slows, and in some cases, even stops the progression of photoreceptor damage (Kashani, 2015).
As stated by both Giacalone et al and Nazari et al, Non–neovascular AMD is the main type of AMD responsible for the majority of AMD–related
conditions in patient usually aged fifty or above which corresponds to almost 80–90% of people with AMD (Nazari et al, 2015). As described in the
introduction, wet and dry AMD have different characteristics and therefore require different treatments. The picture below shows the difference
between wet and dry AMD respectively.
The use of pluripotent stem cells are used by allowing the damaged RPE cells or molecules to be replaced by the differentiated stem cells to allow their
function to reinstate. However, the use of these pluripotent stem cells require months of time to be studied, differentiated and eventually being
transplanted into the target area under the macula (Kashani, 2015). However, according to Giacalone et al, the use of pluripotent stem cells for the
non–neovascular AMD condition has not shown in an effective treatment strategy compared to the use of pluripotent stem cells in neovascular AMD.
As said before, the RPE layer, near the retina, has the purpose in maintaining photoreceptor

Alcohol-Related Disorders: A Case Study
Alcohol– related disorder is a major public health issue that has attracted the attention of mental health professionals worldwide (Gureje
1999)(Medicine(ASAM) 2015)(World Health Organization 2004). In fact, in the recent WHO rating of disease burden, Alcohol related disorder is
second only to Depression among mental health diseases(Gore FM, Bloem PJ, Patton GC, Ferguson J, Joseph V 2011)(Loncar 2006).
The lifetime prevalence of alcohol use among adolescents ranges from 6–39% in Africa(Adamson T, Ogunlesi A, Morakinyo O, Akinhanmi A, Onifade
P 2012)(Gureje O, Degenhardt L, Olley B, Uwakwe R, Udofia O 2007).(Obot 2006)(WHO 2009) to an estimated 39–78.2% in South America
(Hynes–Dowell M, Mateu–Gelabert P, Barros HM 2011).
According to WHO

Friendly And Related Child Case Study
Matthew presented as a friendly and related child. Separation was not attempted; however, he separated from him mom and sat on a child size chair. He
was easily engaged and initiated interactions with the examiners. Matthew displayed the ability to engage and interact with all the individuals in the
room (i.e., mother; two examiners). Matthew exhibited use of flexible eye gaze and joint attention throughout the evaluation. In addition, he
demonstrated adequate attention to speech, as he localized to his name and sounds of toys, as well as responded to direct requests accompanied by
gesture cues (e.g. "look!"); however, his attention to speech decreased when he appeared fatigue. Additionally, Matthew demonstrated positive affect
during moments

Sport-Related Concussions: A Case Study
According to SCI, a concussion is defined as a complex pathophysiological process that affects the brain (SCI, 2016). A concussion is commonly
known as a mild traumatic brain injury, often sustained in sports, falls, motor vehicle accidents, assault, and other incidents (Cornell, 2015). A blow or
jolt to the head that disrupts the normal function of the brain (Brainline, 2015).
Adult brains typically weigh approximately three pounds. The brain floats inside of the skull surrounded by cerebral spinal fluid. The cerebral spinal
fluid acts as a shock absorber when the brain undergoes miner impacts (Nordqvist, 2015). The signs of a concussion can be subtle. Patients, family
members, and doctors sometimes overlook problems or misdiagnose concussion ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although most people have a decent recovery, how quickly one improves depends on many factors. These factors include how severe their concussion
was, what part of the brain was injured, their age, and how healthy, they were before they sustained a concussion (Brainline, n.d). While a majority of
athletes suffering from a concussion are asymptomatic within a week or two, some suffer prolonged symptoms lasting weeks to months according to
Straus, author of "Risk Factors for Concussion and Prolonged Recovery" (Straus, 2016).
A recent study was carried out comparing healthy athletes to those of the same age who suffered from a concussion 30 years ago. The results showed
that those who experienced head trauma had symptoms similar to those of early Parkinson's disease – as well as memory and attention deficits
(Nordqvist, 2015). There are not many major long–term effects of a concussion according to Batjer's article Long–term Concussion Symptoms: What's
My Child's Risk?" (Batjer, 2016).
In conclusion, brains are difficult to read and concussions impact the brain in ways that doctors and medical professionals are not even aware of.
Many studies have shown people how concussions can affect the brain and how each brain acts and reacts during and after trauma. As previously
stated, concussions can be mild or severe, or somewhere in the middle. No two brain injuries are

Psychological Perspectives And Related Research Studies
An outline and evaluation of three psychological perspectives and related research studies
Introduction
The behaviourist approach transformed psychology in 1913 when John Watson put forward the theory that psychology should be about the study of
observable behaviour ignoring all mental processes such as thoughts and emotions (Malim 1998). He viewed introspection as not being a reliable and
objective method for psychological study and believed the aim of psychology should be to understand and control behaviour (ibid). He proposed that
psychology should be seen as a science using controlled variables within experimentation (McLeod 2007a). This scientific approach made for a
dependable method of assessing behaviour, however, critics of this approach argued that this method created artificial situations holding little
ecological validity (ibid). Behaviourists also believe we are all born a blank slate and that all behaviour is determined from learning from a person's
own environmental experiences either through classical conditioning, associating an external stimulus and a behavioural response, or through operant
conditioning, association via consequences where behaviour is shaped through reward or punishment (Malim 1998). However this belief doesn't take
into account a person's spontaneity, creativity or their ability to solve problems without the time consuming trial and error process that behaviourists
believe is necessary (ibid). Furthermore it fails to take into

Work Related Injury Case Studies
DOI: 2/11/2014. This is a case of 37–year–old male production worker who sustained a work–related injury to his back when he bent over to scan the
rack tracking bar. As per OMNI, he was initially diagnosed with lumbar spine sprain/strain and gastritis secondary to non–steroidal anti–inflammatory
drugs. Patient is status post left–sided L4–5 discectomy on 03/11/2015.
MRI of the lumbar spine dated 07/30/15 demonstrated interval post–surgical change with removal of the disc extrusion at L4–5. There is residual
granulation tissue versus broad–based left paracentral disc protrusion with left lateral recess stenosis.
X–rays of the lumbar spine dated 11/6/2015 revealed mild loss of the disc heights at L4–L5 and posteriorly at L5–S1 level, consistent with degenerative
disc disease. There are also anterior endplate osteophytes at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Post injection, he states he had 95% improvement temporarily for several days, but since then his pain to his lumbar spine has returned.
On examination, he has moderate pain to palpation to the lumbar spine and paravertebral muscles over the bilateral facet joints at L4–L5–S1. He has a
positive straight leg raise test to the right.
Impressions include disc displacement reherniation to the left L4–5 and history of left discectomy.
The patient has a history of discectomy to the left with temporary improvement of his lumbar pain and lower extremity symptoms. He has reherniation
to the left correlating to the L4–L5. He has had transforaminal epidural steroid injections and facet injections with relief of his lumbar pain.
Recommendation was made for a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion at L4–L5. The patient would like to continue to improve his ongoing lumbar
pain. He will continue with his current pain medication regimen.
Patient has been previously denied 1 Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion at L4–L5 Level on 09/09/15 (Review

Parent-Related Study Of Marijuana Essay
There has been an extensive amount of research done on risk factors and marijuana use. Among adolescents the vast majority of the research has
identified five major risk factors associated with adolescent marijuana use, family relations (parent–child attachment), peer associations, substance
abuse programs, gender, and race. Some researchers have found that the family is the best predictor of adolescent marijuana use, while others claim
that peer associations are predictors of adolescent marijuana use. Others believe that substance abuse programs are the key to deterring adolescent
drug use. The final groups of researchers believe gender and race are the underlining predictors. The following studies will give a quick overview of
the prior research on risk factors and adolescent marijuana use.
Parent–Child AttachmentвЂЁAccording to Hoffmann (1993) adolescents who suffer from a parental death or divorce are likely to turn to marijuana
to help cope with the stress that has been created. A death or divorce is extremely detrimental to adolescents because it hinders them from creating or
continuing a bond with their family. A strong family relationship rarely affects adolescent behavior after a negative event like this occurs. Because
attachment has been weakened by a big event, it is very difficult to regain the family ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Family disruptors such as divorce and remarriage also have particular influences on drug use. Older adolescents are greatly affected by divorce and
remarriage because the family structure has changed. This tends to make older adolescents look for support systems outside the home. The effects of
the change can cause adolescents to seek out positive or negative relationships with peers. Younger adolescents are less affected by family disruptors
because they do not have the same opportunities or freedom to look outside the home for support, as do older adolescents

Work-Related Injury: A Case Study
DOI: 10/12/2011. The patient is a 53 –year–old female laborer who sustained a work–related injury to her low back and left elbow when she slipped on
cardboard.
According to the orthopedic QME on 7/9/13, future medical care includes inflammation medicine, occasional pain medication, muscle relaxants,
occasional injections, left shoulder surgery, physical therapy and occasional orthopedic doctor visit. Additional physical therapy has been included in
the patient's future medical care on 11/6/14 evaluation.
Based on progress report dated 08/06/15, the patient complains of increasing low back and right lower extremity pain. Pain is rated as 6/10 with
medications and 10/10 without medications.
The numbness has increased. She is now experiencing numbness in the pelvic floor and bilateral anterior thighs. She complains of weakness in her
right leg. She has difficulty with walking and standing. She has been experiencing bowel and bladder incontinence. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately, the epidural injection also increased her blood sugars significantly. The patient reports history of a single treatment of acupuncture,
which she found beneficial.
MRI of the lumbar spine done on 07/09/15 revealed at L2–L3, there is a 2 mm right foramen disc protrusion with right neuroforaminal narrowing. At
L3–L4, 3 mm disc bulge is noted with borderline right neuroforaminal narrowing. At L4–L5, 2 to 3 mm disc bulge is seen with central stenosis on
bilateral neuroforaminal narrowing, left greater than right. At L5–S 1, 3 mm broad base disc bulge bilateral facet arthrosis is noted with bilateral
neuroforaminal

Diabetes Self-Related Study Examples
CHAPTER 5: Discussion A gap in knowledge exists in the understanding of the influence of risk perception on adherence to treatments related to
diabetes. The purpose of this explanatory, descriptive study was to address the perceptions of risk and its relationship with self–care adherence in those
with T2DM. This discussion is structured to address the major findings found within the results of the three aims of this study, which were the
following: Aim 1: To quantitatively describe risk perception in persons with T2DM. Aim 2: To describe levels of adherence for diabetes self
–care
behaviors, including medication use, diet, exercise, foot care, smoking, and self–monitoring of blood glucose. Aim 3: To examine the relationship
between... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Risk perception was separated into those opposing constructs for this study because of previous research on the topic (Fischoff et al., 1978; Slovic
et al., 2007) and the desire to have study questions that the general public could comprehend. Moreover, optimism bias has been noted in previous
risk perception research (Walker et al., 2003), and the harm and benefit perception questions asked in this particular study could elicit similar biases.
Previous research has indicated risk perception differed between different races/ethnicities (Slovic, 2007). It was decided to not include race as a
control variable in this study because of the location of the sample, which would yield such a small proportion of non–white respondents as to render
responses meaningless and/or difficult to interpret. Therefore, future research could explore both if race and if location influences risk perception and
adherence to treatments.

Age Related Macular Degeneration Case Study
3.7 Age–related macular degeneration 3.7.1 Cause of disease and treatment AMD is the most commonly seen age–related ocular disease in the western
world, is most prevalent in those over 55 years of age, and results in visual deficits [81, 92–94]. AMD can be divided into two categories: atrophic (as
known as dry AMD, 90% prevalence) and exudative (wet AMD, more severe) AMD. Dry AMD is a consequence of drusen accumulation, and the wet
form is associated with abnormal angiogenesis (Figure 3). Currently, no effective treatment exists for dry AMD, and wet AMD may be treated with
anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs with injections directly into the eye once a month, with no approach to recover lost vision
[95–97]. Similar to DR,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The block polymers are synthesized in 3 step reactions, and the hydrogels may be biodegradable in vitro and have minimal cytotoxicity in a human
retinal pigment epithelial cell line [100]. The histomorphology and electrophysiology was studied in rabbits and the neuroretina was preserved after 2
months of intravitreal injection. In another instance, the administered intravitreal release profile of bevacizumab from poly(ethylene
glycol)–poly–(serinol hexamethylene urethane) (ESHU) hydrogel was also studied for 9 weeks, and averaged 4.7 times higher than in eyes that
received bolus bevacizumab injections. No significant elevation in the IOP was noted after injection, nor any severe inflammatory reaction [45].
Compared to the conventionally used PEG–PCL–PEG or PEG–PLA–PEG hydrogels, the ESHU hydrogel and its degradation products were more
biocompatible (absence of lactic acid), and the structure may have a stronger affinity for protein and peptide structures. Thus, the development of such
suitable materials may proceed in the treatment of wet AMD. Moreover, the four–arm PEG were crosslinked via the maleic and thiol end groups of the
PEG chains in situ, and this type of biocompatible hydrogel may be used for Avastin delivery in vivo. A sustained released was obtained within 14
days, and over 70% of the drug was released during a release test. Further investigation of the long–term release and hydrogel

Anxiety Related Disorder Case Studies
Primary Diagnosis: Affective/Mood disorder. Secondary Diagnosis: Anxiety related disorder. 54
–year–old female alleged depression, anxiety, high
blood pressure, diabetes, digestive problems. Reporting health issues: Claimant did not agree with pervious determination to cease her SSA benefits.
Stated her condition had not improved. She continued to see her psychiatrist every month and thought she could not function without medications. The
information that her last medical appointment was in 12/2014 was erroneous. She reported gallbladder surgery on 12/05/2014, had difficulty
controlling bowel/bladder, uncontrolled diabetes, "deadly allergic reaction to Lisinopril." Knee pain, mobility difficulty, problems with memory,
concentration, understanding and following directions, completing tasks, and getting along with people. Difficulty handling stress and changes in
routine. Insomnia, depression/anxiety attacks, crying spells, suicidal thoughts/attempts,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Comments: It seemed that there was no significant improvement in the claimant's condition. Notes: Agoraphobia is an abnormal and persistent fear
of public places or open areas, especially those from which escape could be difficult or in which help might not be immediately accessible. Persons
with agoraphobia frequently also have panic disorder. People with mild agoraphobia often live normal lives by avoiding anxiety–provoking situations.
In the most severe agoraphobia, the victims may be incapacitated and homebound. Agoraphobia tends to start in the mid to late20s, and the onset may
appear to be triggered by a traumatic event. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), formerly known as electroshock therapy and often referred to as shock
treatment, is a standard psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in patients to provide relief from psychiatric

Age Related Dysphonia Case Study
The aging process impacts the vocal mechanism as it does any other system of the body. In one of the few studies that reviewed vocal disorders in
the geriatric population, the incidence of vocal disorders in people 65 years or older was between 12% and 35%. (Davids, Klein, Johns, 2012). Of that
population, 25% had vocal fold atrophy as the cause of their disorder. (Davids, et al., 2012). A 2006 study conducted on 100 assisted–living residents
found the incidence of age–related dysphonia to be around 20% (Golub, Chen, Otto, Hapner, Johns, 2006). It further found that the impact of this
disorder had a percieved negative impact on quality of life in 13% of the test poplutation (Golub et al., 2006). An inability, or a limited ability to... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One such program, designed by Joseph Stemple, Ph.D., SLP, is a "series of voice manipulations that were designed to strengthen and balance the
laryngeal musculature and to balance airflow to the muscular effort." (Stemple, JC., Lee, L., D'Amico, B., Pickup, B., 1994). In 2011, Tay et al.,
(2012) conducted a study on the efficacy of VFE on 22 members of a community choral. Participants were between 68 and 83 years of age and
divided in to a control and VFE groups evenly. After the 5–week study was complete, the VFE group had greater MPT that the control group. The VFE
group showed post–VFE training decreases in mean jitter, shimmer and nose to harmonics ratio percentages as evaluated using a series of two–way
repeated measures analysis of variance (Tay et al, 2012). The participant's perceived effectiveness of the VFE (as reported in a post–training survey)
was that the program had a positive effect on their voices (Tay et al, 2012). Phonation resistance training exercises (PhoRTE) is treatment adapted from
the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (Ziegler et al, 2014). PhoRTE uses Silverman's "loud voice" approach while using "high
–intensity phonatory
exercises to overload the respiratory and laryngeal systems." (Berg, E., Hapner, E., Klein, A., Johns, M., 2008). In their 2008 study,

Dcu Case Study Related Factors
general information about tumor vascular physiology, interstitial space volume and prognostic factor by analyzing TIC without a complicated
acquisition process.
In our study we found that DCE–MRI had sensitivity
(92.3%), specificity (81%) and accuracy (85.3%).These results were compared to that of Kul et al. (19) who reported 75.7% sensitivity, 97.5%
specificity and 88.1% accuracy. Overlap in morphologic characteristics and kinetic features of malignant and benign lesions caused improper
classifications. In an attempt to increase diagnostic efficacy, mainly the specificity of breast MR, we evaluated the additional role of DWI and
MRS.
We ensured that DWI was performed prior to contrast enhancement to avoid the effect of contrast material.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
included 25 patients without restricted diffusion
(74%) and G.II. Included 9 patients with restricted diffusion
(26%). The mean ADC value was significantly lower
(0.5–0.9 10_3 mm2/s) for malignant lesion in comparison with that of benign lesions (1.7–2.7 10_3 mm2/s).
Out of 10 patients with malignant lesion of our study 6 patients showed restricted diffusion and out of 21 patients with benign breast lesions 19 patients
showed non–restricted diffusion.
In our study we found significant difference between
ADC values of malignant and benign breast lesions, assuming a threshold of 1.2 10_3 mm2/s. Similarly an 2014 by Nogeria et al. (23) study, proved
DWI with complementary ADC values to be useful for the detection and characterization of breast lesion where mean ADCs of 1.99 В± 0.27 10_3
mm2/s,
1.08В± 0.25 10_3 mm2/s, and 1.74В± 0.35 10_3 mm2/s, were obtained for normal tissue, malignant, and benign lesion respectively. Our study
reported a raised specificity from 81% to 90.5% and a slightly improved PPV from 75% to 77.8% after combining DWI to DCE–MRI without any
improvement in sensitivity (53.8%). NPV was 76% and accuracy was 76.5%.
These results agreed with Kul et al. (19) who reported an improved specificity (86.5%), sensitivity (91.5%), PPV
(89.6%), NPV (88.9%) and accuracy (89.3%). An older study by Sonmez (24) shared nearly the same results.
The

Critically Analyzing the Main Issues in the Case Study...
Critically Analyzing the Main Issues in the Case Study Using Relevant Theories Related to Organization and Management This case study deals with
the Oticon's organizational change, a Danish firm specialised in hearing aids. Due to an instable environment, the firm has transformed the organisation
of the structure in order to be competitive in an international market and consequently it has changed the work, the hierarchy, the organisational culture
and patterns. The case study shows us with the real example of Oticon how that change can affect the organisational behaviour of the employees and
how Lars Kolind manage them in order to stimulate their motivation and increase the productivity. According... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The change process was quite long and has totally affected the organizational behaviour of the employees. Lewin states that "the change allows three
separate activities: "Unfreezing, change or movement, and refreezing" (Hatch 1997 p.353/354). In Oticon, unfreezing did occur with the "meetings"
and negotiation with the employees in order to reduce the resistance because the change was not "without some resistance" of the employees.
Unfreezing activity took three years because Oticon took its time to prepare the employees to the transformation in adopting a planned change. Then
occurred the change or move stage, introducing a new way of work like the use of a personal computer at work and at home, a new organisational
culture "turn down the wall to create a big open plan office", with a different "style of management" requiring the participation of the employees.
Finally, refreezing occurs when the new patterns "stabilize or become institutionalised" like the implement of a reward system in Oticon with the
possibility to obtain "scarces resources" if someone is "successful in the promotion" of projects. "An organisation can be viewed as a culture in its
own right, as a set of subcultures, or as an artifact through which an even larger culture expresses itself" (Hatch 1997, p.235). We can say that Oticon
has successfully completed

Nt1310 Unit 1 Review Of Related Studies
In the eighth week peer students was requested to provide for their discussion assignment some written material that would entail material for
Smartphone with, which would have software embedded upon it for Data Warehousing and operational data that has access control and integrity
controlling for their user and/or users. The usage of the Smartphone would be handle by user acknowledged as sales people and/or sales persons for
informational query of data that may either be deleted, updated or just to place an order for fulfillment. The supporting evidence needed to properly
have functional operational for security and it may come in several operational factoring of factors such as information Integrity, Personal Integrity,
Company Integrity and just the normal notion the device integrity acknowledged as Android or Blackberry. The two devices that function may have
their information in harm's way by data usage on both devices. This information can be damaged in one or more ways named as risk or attack. The
Personal Integrity that is considered to relate to the information posed by Smartphone, can have many reference selections ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Access Control prevention can be built from a standards standpoint that can enable a great number of protective methods in its existence .As
www.nyu.edu reminds us "Software Updates: System must be configures to automatically update operating system software, server application
(webserver, mail server, database, server, etc),client software(web–browsers, mail–client, offices suites, etc),and malware protection
software(anti–virus, anti–spyware, etc).For Medium or High Availability System, a plan to manually apply new updates within a documented time
period is an acceptable

Review Of An Article Related To A Study On APA
1.Cite an article relating to your study using APA format. How does the techniques used in this article relate to the techniques used in your group
project? Was the metabolic cart they used in the study the same or different from the one you used? What variables did the article analyze compared to
your study? (~2 paragraphs)
The article that I found that correlates to my group project, assesses and measures the VO2 by looking at 7 indirect tests for aerobic power. This
article also used the Bruce treadmill test (Bruce protocol) which was the same protocol we used in our project. The metabolic cart that this study used
was the Beckman Metabolic Measurement Cart. However, they used Astrand Ryhming submaximal CE protocol (4, 5), LeВґger ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 13(4), 346–352.
2.If you had the ability to change your group project, how would you alter it and why? (1 paragraph)
I would alter the project by using the formula of VO2max=15x(HRmax/HRrest), and have each participant perform a VO2Max test, by using the
metabolic cart. I would then compare the results from the metabolic cart and the VO2 equation, and them compare the results for comparison. I would
make this change, because our group had to alter the formula of VO2max=15x(HRmax/HRrest), in order to perform a submaximal test. What we did
was calculated the max heart rate, and multiplied that value by 85% of VO2 which would be considered a submaximal test.
I would have liked to have seen the comparison to the equation and the metabolic cart, to see if there was an increase or decrease in the values of each
of the measurements of maximal oxygen consumption. This would be interesting to analyze, because the population will not always have a metabolic
cart around to measure VO2. If the equation showed similar values to the metabolic cart, the equation would be a good tool to use for estimation if the
metabolic cart was not available.
3.For your project, were the test procedures provided in the "Metabolic Cart/VO2 Testing" lecture followed? Which steps were followed and which
were not? If steps were not followed, why? (2 paragraphs)
Listed below are the steps that were used as test procedures

Summary Of Work-Related Injury: A Case Study
DOI: 6/16/2015. Patient is a 61–year–old female quality control who sustained a work–related injury to her lower back while lifting a box. MRI of the
lumbar spine dated 8/13/15 revealed mild levoscoliosis; multilevel degenerative disc disease with the most significant disease at the levels of L4–5 and
L5–S1. Per orthopedic report dated 05/12/16, the patient has recurrent left L5 radiculopathy and left L4–5 posterolateral disc herniation. She reports
proceeding with a course of acupuncture therapy. She said that in doing so, she began to have increased left lower extremity symptoms in the lateral
thigh and lateral calf associated with numbness and weakness. She reports pain and discomfort with walking, lumbar leg extension and numbness even
at night time with lying ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The pain has been worsening over the left buttock area associated with tingling and numbness down to the left leg. Medical treatment to date notes
physical therapy and Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) with limited improvement. Medical history and review of system notes that the
patient is significant for hypertension. Examination of the lumbar spine revealed slight loss of lumbar lordosis. On palpation, there is
moderate–to–severe guarding with reproduction of deep myofascial pain on deep palpation, mostly on the left side. Pain level is 7/10 at the time of
examination. Range of motion revealed forward flexion of 50 degrees, extension of 10 degrees, right lateral flexion of 20 degrees, and left lateral
flexion of 20

AIDS-Related Dementia Case Study
For a patient with AIDS–Related Dementia it is important to look for an outpatient community center to help them find the appropriate treatment.
There are several outpatient community centers in Broward County; however, Comprehensive Care Center at Broward House offered a better service
for Maura who is diagnosed with AIDS–Related Dementia. Comprehensive Care Center at Broward House is an outpatient community center located
in 1726 SE 3rd Avenue Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316. Hours of Operation are Monday–Thursday from 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. and Friday: 8:00 a.m. to
12:00 p.m. Comprehensive Care Center at Broward House has provided primary care for individuals who are infected with HIV and AIDS. They
provided education to the patients in other

A Study On The Midwifery Related Subject Of My Choice
Introduction
The aim of this essay is to describe a piece of research on a midwifery–related subject of my choice. The subject that I have chosen to look at is
teenage pregnancy and poverty and whether or not there is a correlation between them. I have chosen this because I have an interest in teenage
pregnancy as it is a major public health concern with in the United Kingdom and would therefore like to develop my knowledge and understanding of
the topic. In 2008 there were 38,750 under–18 conceptions, a rate of 40.5 per 1,000 females aged 15–17. Nearly half (49.7 per cent) of the pregnancies
were terminated and 7,123 under–16 conceptions, a rate of 7.8 per 1,000 females aged 13–15. Over half (61.8 per cent) of the pregnancies ended in
abortion. (The Family Planning Association. (2011). Teenagers: sexual health and behaviour factsheet. Available: www.fpa.org.uk/factsheets
/teenagers–sexual–health–7behaviour. Last accessed 23rd March 2015.) Firstly I am going to explain my research methods and how I chose the
research paper that I have used. I am then going to summarise my findings and finally assess what I have learnt from this assignment.
Body
Teen pregnancy is an important issue for several reasons. For example, there are health risks for the child born to teenage mothers and the child is
more likely to suffer health, social, and emotional problems than children born to older mothers. It is also a possibility for teenagers who become
pregnant to be at an increased risk for

Work Related Injury: A Case Study
DOI: 2/12/2014. The patient is a 67–year–old female janitor who sustained a work–related injury to her bilateral feet, lower extremities, hands, and
wrists due to constant walking and cleaning.
Per AME dated 04/14/2016, the patient had reached Maximum Medical Improvement and was noted to be Permanent and Stationary.
Based on the progress report dated 09/13/16, the patient reports unchanged intermittent moderate left foot pain. Patient also notes of intermittent
moderate low back pain and left hand pain, that bothers her most. The patient went to a foot specialist last week, who administered an injection that
increased pain and seems to have not taken effect yet.
Examination of the left hand reveals diffuse tenderness to palpation. Grip

Gang Related Violence Case Study
Gang related violence is rising in England and Wales moreover gangs are becoming more aggressive in their attempts to control large parts of cities
across the country. Efforts to control their territory are blamed for the rise in gun and knife related crime which has risen by 14 per cent in recent
years. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) reported a 27 per cent increase in all violent crime in 2016. Young people are more likely to carry
knives and resort to violent behaviour. However, the Conservative Government cut front line police by 17,000 which has seen fewer police on the
streets of cities across England and Wales (Morris, 2016).
Elias suggested that shaming was an important factor in controlling crime in civilized society

Case Study: Work-Related Injury
DOI: 2/14/2011. The patient is a 52–year–old female clinical nurse who sustained a work–related injury to her low back from carrying a baby to the
mother.
As per the medical report dated 8/13/15, the patient complained of pain in her back. She has had two prior surgeries on her back, a laminectomy
/discectomy in 1996, and an instrumented fusion, single level, in 2012. She reports that the surgery helped but she still has ongoing sciatica. Her
medications include Percocet, Ibuprofen, Neurontin, Norco, Gabapentin, Valium and Prednisone. Review of systems is positive for fatigue, depression
and joint swelling. Examination is unchanged.
Based on the progress report dated 08/27/15, the patient has consulted with neurosurgery, and reports that no surgery was... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Current medications include gabapentin, ibuprofen, Norco and Lunesta.
She was assessed to have lumbar disc herniation L4–L5, status post microdiscectomy, with recurrence and left L5 lumbar radiculopathy.
The patient has persistent low back pain complaint managed with narcotic and nonnarcotic medications. She completed neurosurgical reevaluation and
is referred to physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) specialist.
She was given a refill prescription for Ibuprofen 600 mg 1 tablet 3 times daily as needed, ranitidine 150 mg 1 tablet twice daily, gabapentin 600 mg 2
tablets in the morning and afternoon and 1 tablet at noon and Norco 10/325 mg 1 tablet twice daily as needed.
Treatment plan includes continuation with "MOM" as needed and referral to pain management, Dr. Salazar who has recommended neurosurgery
consultation prior to her treatment which has been completed. No further follow–up with neurosurgery is recommended.
Current request is for 60 Tablets of Norco 10/325 mg; 60 Tablets of Ranitidine 150 mg with 5 Refills; 90 Tablets of Ibuprofen 600 mg with 5 Refills;
and 150 Tablets of Gabapentin 600 mg with 5 Refills between 9/2/2015 and

Firearm-Related Events: Case Study
to get new people to own guns, firearm related events are clearly the go to choice as the target audience comes to us. There is a proposed timeline of
events to hopefully achieve our goal. By month 3–4 we want to have a clear and better idea of the target audience through outside sources such as polls
and help with the NRA. We will also have a well organized website and social media outlets.By month 6, the goal is to have a well structured base,
with email lists and staff to work on flyers and 499's. By month 9 to year one we want to have more outside funders. This will mainly be firearm
companies and wealthy donors. From year one to one year and 6 months we hope to have significantly more donors and hit a milestone of 1.5 million
dollars

Work Related Trauma Case Study
DOI: 7/2/2010. The patient is a 57–year old female claims examiner who sustained a work–related cumulative trauma injury to multiple body parts that
include head/cervical spine, shoulders, arms knees, and left hip. As per progress report dated 7/11/16, the patient reports neck and low back pain. IT
was noted that the pain is associated with left lower extremity numbness, tingling, and weakness. The patient has tried and failed multiple
anti–inflammatories, which causes gastrointestinal upset, except for Celebrex. Her psychiatrist, Dr. Nehoryan has recommended her current regimen
including Cymbalta and Restoril intermittently for sleep. It was mentioned that the patient had a fall in early 2/2016 due to left lower extremity
numbness and is continuing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Conservative treatment notes included aquatic physical therapy, acupuncture, narcotic pain medications, Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
(TENS or TNS), psychologist, and hypnosis. The patient also has tried and failed multiple over–the counter and prescription remedies for her opioid
induced constipation including diet modification, stool softeners, and laxatives including Miralax, Senokot, Metamucil. Ducalax. It was noted that
Movantik is being provided to help her with this situation. As per interval changes, the patient complains of ongoing neck and left upper extremity
pain, and an increase in low back and left lower extremity pain. Patient states that she fell at home 2 weeks ago. She states that she injured her right
arm and it has been swollen for 2 weeks. The pain score is 10 without medications and 2 with medications. The medications prescribed are keeping the
patient functional, allowing for increased mobility, and tolerance of activities of daily living, and home exercises. Current medications incldue
Nucynta, Percocet, Restoril as necessary for insomnia, Cymbalta, Neurontin, Cselebrex, Robaxin, Prilosec, Singulair, Vagifem, and

Cardiac Related Fatigue: A Case Study
"The usual clinical manifestation of heart failure is left ventricular dysfunction that occurs after some index event, such as myocardial infarction"
(Chapa et al., 2014, p. 16). With the aging adults, like S.P., we have to be concern when they have presenting signs of heart failure, especially if
they have not been diagnosed with one. Questions I may have to ask S.P. are what time of the day her fatigue and swollen ankles are worse. This is
to determine if her fatigue and edema are cardiac related. Cardiac related fatigue is "worse in the evening, whereas fatigue from anxiety or depression
occurs all day or is worse in the evening" (Jarvis, 2016, p. 472). Does her fatigue is accompanied with shortness of breath on exertion? Patient education

Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Study Of Sport-Related...
don't really notice if they have had changes, but yes time would vary. Strength and Weaknesses of Study: A strength would be that interviews will help
to get to know the individual better and see how they behave and hopefully learn about their experiences with concussions. A weakness of the study
also includes interviews because they might be some bias or the interviewee may be hiding something, or not saying anything. The questionnaires won't
entirely demonstrate if there have been changes in a person unless a pre–test was given. Also, they are self–report and that there could be
untruthfulness. Conclusion For many years, researchers have been looking into discovering more about sport–related concussions and the effects it
may have. There

Review Of Related Literature And Studies Essay
CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies This part of the study contains related literature and studies after the thorough and in–depth
research of the researcher. Related literatures come from both foreign and local published literatures that became the basis for the researcher to pursue
this study. Related studies come from both foreign and local studies that has relationship or in relation on her study. Foreign Literature Culture–shaping
is a methodological and comprehensive approach in helping an organization transform from top to bottom. According to Delaney (2011), a
transformation starts individually. It will become the foundation in building a healthy high–performance organization. After which, the team is the
middle group that needs behavioral changed. These two, individuals and team, once aligned with the company's mission and vision have now
understand the thriving purpose of culture–shaping for high–performance organization. The above mentioned methodologies of changing the behaviors
individually and then team are what comprise the so–called Human Operating System. It is a common understanding that makes interaction more
productive in healthier ways. Human Operating System has four pronged principles that premise the process to make everyone sees the world
differently. The first principle is the Energy. Managing personal energy is a subjective yet powerful term. Positive energy poses an increase of power
for both the provider and

Opioid Related Overdose Case Study
A family member, friend, or other individual who is in a position to assist an individual who is apparently experiencing or at risk of experiencing an
opioid–related overdose, is not subject to criminal prosecution for a violation of section 4731.41 of the Revised Code or criminal prosecution under
this chapter if the individual, acting in good faith, does all of the following:
(1) Obtains naloxone pursuant to a prescription issued by a licensed health professional or obtains naloxone from one of the following: a licensed
health professional, an individual who is authorized by a physician under section 4731.941 of the Revised Code to personally furnish naloxone, or a
pharmacist or pharmacy intern who is authorized by a physician or board of

Work Related Injury Case Study
DOI: 12/13/2012. Patient is a 64–year–old male security officer who sustained a work–related injury to the right knee when he missed a step and fell
down the stairs. As per Omni, the patient had a right knee meniscus tear. The patient had right knee replacement on 11/19/14. Per QME Dr. Murphy on
08/11/15, the patient has a 20% whole person impairment rating. Future medical care includes 4–6 visits per year for recurrent symptoms, narcotic
/nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in addition to gastrointestinal stabilizing medications, pain management specialist monitoring, office
visit with an orthopedic surgeon once a year with X–ray, revision surgery in the future and bone scan.
Based on the progress report dated 09/14/16, the patient

Review Of Related Literature And Studies
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Various publications and studies related to the topic being studied were read
and analyzed by the researcher to support the claims presented by this study. 2.1 Mobile Robot According to Al–Sahib (2015), the term robot is derived
from the Czech word "robota" which means forced labor. Goris (2004) also said that a robot can be defined as a device that can execute automated
tasks, either with the influence of direct human control, or a set of general procedures by means of artificial intelligence techniques. Almost all of
the robots that are used in the industry are stationary. They operate from a fixed position and have restricted operating range. The area which
surrounds the robot is typically designed for the sole purpose of securing it from external influences for it to be able to do its tasks. These robots are
usually efficient in completing tasks such as welding, drilling, packaging, assembling and also painting. Still, in some applications it can be very
advantageous if a robot can function with larger mobility. Unlike stationary robots, the surrounding area need not to be adjusted just to suit the mobile
robots because they are programmed to be the one to adapt their behavior towards their surroundings. Rather than performing a fixed system of
actions, mobile robots need are actually those robots that can transfer from place to place across the ground. Mobility gives robot more flexibility and
ability to move in a

Substance Related Disorders Case Study
Mr. Landaverde reported that he does not have any medical illnesses and has not been prescribed any medications. Mr. Landaverde reported that he
went to the doctor in August 2016 for a regular checkup. Mr. Landaverde stated that he normally goes to the doctor every six months. Mr. Landaverde
reported that he has never been hospitalized in the past. Mr. Landaverde reported that he does not have any emotional or psychiatric problems. Mr.
Landaverde stated that he has never been to counseling. He stated to the best of his recollections, neither one of his parents have ever suffered from a
substance related disorder. VI.ASAM–DIMENSION 3 – Emotional, Behavioral, or Cognitive Conditions and Complications Mr. Landaverde was on
time for his evaluation. Mr. Landaverde appeared neat and appropriately dressed for the interview. Mr. Landaverde had no noticeable tattoos. Mr.
Landaverde was able to establish good eye contact throughout the interview. Mr. Landaverde's posture appeared to be nervous when he first sat down
for the interview. He appeared to have normal and steady psychomotor activity throughout. Mr. Landaverde's general attitude and behavior appeared
positive and cooperative. By the end of the interview, Mr. Landaverde appeared to become more relaxed in his posture. It seemed that he was
cooperative and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Landaverde reported that he feels that he has already made some changes in his life. Mr. Landaverde stated that he now spends a lot of time with his
girlfriend. Mr. Landaverde stated that he has "cut off" friends that consume drugs and alcohol. Mr. Landaverde reported that he has also moved away
from the drug infested neighborhood that he once lived in. Mr. Landaverde reported that his motivation to stop consuming drugs and alcohol is going
to school. Mr. Landaverde stated that he did not think that he had a problem. He stated that peer pressure was "causing" him to consume drugs and
alcohol. Mr. Landaverde is in the precontemplation stage of

Heart-Related Disorders Survey Analysis

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