Climate Change In Peru Essay

Climate Change in Peru Essay
Peru is a nation composed of heterogeneous ecosystems including the coastline of the Pacific
Ocean, deserts, the Andes Mountains including the glacial regions, and the second largest portion of
the Amazon Forest Basin (US AID, 2011). Its heterogeneity creates such a dire situation for Peru in
terms of climate change and the effects it has on each individual system as well as the effects on
wildlife and human occupants that live in these regions. In Peru, the climate changes that have been
taking place have led to several disastrous outcomes that include not only draught, but have also led
to depletion of the Amazon Rain Forest, an increase in disease, extreme temperature changes, glacial
ablation, extreme weather, and changes in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cirilo Quispe Latorre, the mayor of Cachimayo district recalls how the climate has change just since
he was younger: "The rains used to start in October, and we would plant broad beans, wheat, and
potatoes. Now the rains begin around mid–December, and we lose more than a month and a half of
growing time." (Hufstader, 2009). Latorre goes on to say that the rains, which once ended in April
now end in March. This significantly diminishes the amount of time that farmers have to produce
crops which in turn has led to decreases in the output of crops in the last twelve years (Hufstader,
2009). However, according to the USAID report on Peru, annual rainfall percentages have not
changed drastically over the last 40 years. There has been an increase in the coastal regions and
highlands (where most of farming takes place), a decrease in the jungle areas, and little change
anywhere else (US AID, 2011).What has changed though, is the extent of the drought periods which
cannot be alleviated by the intense periods of rain (US AID, 2011). This issue could be helped in the
long term by utilizing more advanced irrigation methods that could store water during the intense
rains to help alleviate some of the burden of the long droughts.
One of the most significant effects of climate change in the region has been the devastating effects
of the melting glaciers. These glaciers often provide an extra source of water for farming regions,
storing water in the rainy season and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Essay on The Global Warming Controversy
The globe is being rocked by extreme weather and the hottest temperatures on record. As the
average global temperature soars, there are floods, droughts, unusually cold winters, forest fires, and
huge storms. Are all of these horrors being caused by human–induced global warming?
The source of global warming is a very controversial topic. Some scientists think that global
warming is a natural part of the Earth's cycle because the Earth has always had natural heating and
cooling cycles. Other scientists believe that global warming is caused by humans dut to the
greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is the accumulation of greenhouse gases such as carbon
dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels. These scientists believe ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Since being on the "green" side seems to make the politicians popular, many of them "stand up" to
global warming. So environmentalists, among of whom are some politicians, hide or just ignore the
facts regarding global warming and its true aspects.
First of all, the environmentalists disregard the fact that there has been several global warming and
cooling periods throughout the history. Willie Soon, a professor at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center
for Astrophysics, confirmed that from 800 to 1300 A.D. the average temperatures of the world were
2 to 4 degrees or more higher than that of the 20th century, which is referred to as the Medieval
Warm Period (Anderson, par.16). This warming trend was detected in many other parts of the world
at that time, and the history proves that it brought wealth rather than disaster. During this period,
Europe flourished and was awoken by Renaissance culture."Olives grew in 13th –century Germany,
where St. Albert the Great also noted abundant fig and pomegranate groves in Cologne and the
Rhine valley–places too cold for those crops today" (16). Following the Medieval Warm Period, the
temperature plummeted 3 to 5 degrees, which is 2 degrees colder than our climate today, lasting
until 1900. Since 1900, the world has warmed up about 1 degree (18). One of the other natural
causes is the activities of volcanoes. Volcanoes release a huge amount of sulfuric acid, which is
believed to contribute to global warming.
Then what can be

Canada Goose Case Study
a. According to the textbook, the reasons that provide motivation for companies' international
expansion and describe them.
Traditional motivations
Resource Seeking: secure supplies.
Low–cost factor: exploit factor cost differences
Market Seeking: fulfill capability; exploit scale economies and scope economies.
Emerging motivations
Competitive positioning: match competitors, preempt markets, capture the global scale, play "global
chess".
Global scanning: global intelligence scan, access scare knowledge.
b.
Market and resource seeking: "this motivation was particularly strong for companies that had some
intrinsic advantage, typically related to their technology and brand recognition, which gave them a
competitive advantage in offshore markets" (Bartlett & Beamish, 2014).
Competitive positioning: "the most controversial of the many global competitive strategic actions
taken by MNEs...have been those base on cross–subsidization of markets" (Bartlett & Beamish,
2014).
Global scanning/ learning: when trying to get low–cost resources, the company is exposed to new
technologies and markets (Bartlett & Beamish, 2014).
c. By expanding internationally, Canada Goose can have many opportunities to seek new markets,
grow, increase sales, and improve its brand recognition overseas. With those extra sales, it will
enable to exploit scale and scope economies; thereby it will have a source of competitive advantage
over its domestic

Essay about Global Warming
Global Warming
The climate is changing. The earth is warming up, and there is now overwhelming scientific
consensus that it is happening, and human–induced. With global warming on the increase and
species and their habitats on the decrease, chances for ecosystems to adapt naturally are diminishing.
Many are agreed that climate change may be one of the greatest threats facing the planet. Recent
years show increasing temperatures in various regions, and increasing extremities in weather
patterns. Research has shown that air pollutants from fossil fuel use make clouds reflect more of the
sun's rays back into space. This leads to an effect known as global dimming whereby less heat and
energy reaches the earth. At first, it sounds like ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We are fortunate that our modern societies have developed during the last 10,000 years of benignly
warm, interglacial climate. But for more than 90 percent of the last two million years, the climate
has been colder, and generally much colder, than today. The reality of the climate record is that a
sudden natural cooling is far more to be feared, and will do infinitely more social and economic
damage, than the late 20th century phase of gentle warming. The single human activity that is most
likely to have a large impact on the climate is the burning of "fossil fuels" such as coal, oil and gas.
These fuels contain carbon. Burning them makes carbon dioxide gas. Since the early 1800s, when
people began burning large amounts of coal and oil, the amount of carbon dioxide in the earth's
atmosphere has increased by nearly 30%, and average global temperature appears to have risen
between 1° and 2°F.Carbon dioxide gas traps solar heat in the atmosphere, partly in the same way as
glass traps solar heat in a sunroom or a greenhouse. For this reason, carbon dioxide is sometimes
called a "greenhouse gas." As more carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere, solar heat has more
trouble getting out. The result is that, if everything else stayed unchanged, the average temperature
of the atmosphere would increase. As people burn more fossil fuel for energy they add more carbon
dioxide to the atmosphere. If this

The Greenhouse Effect, A Torrent of Information, and the...
The Greenhouse Effect, A Torrent of Information, and the Politics of Mass Uncertainty
Introduction: Global warming, the ozone layer, and deforestation are becoming increasingly
discussed topics both in the international community and society. Former Vice–President Albert
Gore stated in his 1992 book Earth in the Balance, "The process of filling the atmosphere with CO2
and other pollutants...is a willful expansion of our dysfunctional civilization into vulnerable parts of
the world" (Wittwer 21). With statements like this, one might wonder what stops the human race
from ending this kind of behavior. Scientists and politicians are paralyzed when addressing the issue
of global warming largely from uncertainty of cause/effect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
These gases 'trap' heat by reflecting heat back to the surface the heat the Earth's surface has already
reflected back in the direction of space after being heated by the sun (World Book 232–233). In the
report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , the observed global warming was "likely
due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations." Chemistry and Industry magazine citing the
preliminary report stated, "atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased 31% since 1750, and
atmospheric methane by 151%" ("IPCC Says Global...Own Fault" 66). From agreement to
confusion:
Scientists do not argue that increases in greenhouse gas concentration have some relationship to
higher average temperatures. The consequences of further global warming are hotly contested still
and stir widespread debate and disagreement. In fact, arguments over the existence of a natural cycle
of climate change and climate change induced by human activity are considerably prevalent.
Arguments for both beneficial and detrimental consequences of further global warming are wide–
ranging. Because the plethora of arguments contributes heavily to the paralyzation of the
international community it is prudent to survey some of the arguments. In June 1999, Friederike
Wagner of Utrecht University and a team from Utrecht, Amsterdam and Gainesville, Florida
reported in Science that levels of carbon dioxide in the air increased

The Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment
The government and Darpa have openly admitted in creating a way to manipulate the weather, the
reason the government would have created a way to manipulate weather is for self–benefit of the
country or for political reasons, such as dis–forming a monstrous hurricane or helping precipitation
occur in an area suffering with drought, the end game in this conspiracy would be for the United
States to have complete control if manipulating the weather anywhere in the world and by doing this
it would allow the U.S. to have total control of the other countries and continents. Geoengineering is
the deliberate manipulation of an environment process that affects the earth's climate in an attempt
to counteract the effects of global warming, it is a wake–up call that our planet is dying.
Geoengineering studies include the principles – which are intended to guide development, the
categories: solar geoengineering and carbon geoengineering, which are aimed to tackle temperature
and the techniques used to gather data that could change and be good for the planet. Geoengineering
research is still at a very early stage but may need to be developed sooner due to the world which is
ever changing for the worse, but never the less it is still important that scientist are given the space
within which to ask and to try and answer difficult questions, only through combined modeling and
field research can we generate the evidence base for a salient answer on whether climate
engineering is a good or bad

Global Warming : The Persistent Rise Of Air And Sea...
Global warming refers to the persistent rise of air and sea temperatures. Global temperatures in the
20th century have increased by 0.8 °C (Weart, 2003). There has been a substantial rise of
temperatures in the last few decades raising major concerns globally. If the current trends persist, it
may be difficult for the earth to sustain life in the next 200 years. Global warming emanates from
both human and natural causes. The current state of global warming is mostly related to human
causes, as natural causes are rare. Natural causes include volcanic eruptions, changes in solar output,
and variation of the earth's position altering its distance from the sun (Singer & Avery, 2007).
Volcanic eruptions do not always cause global warming. In most cases, eruptions cause a cooling
effect in the surrounding areas. A volcanic eruption produces and injects sulfate aerosols, as well as,
SO2 into the atmosphere. The reaction of these sulphur compounds leads to the formation of
gaseous sulfuric acid layer covering the earth's surface. This acid layers hinders penetration of solar
energy. Major concerns should be on human activities that cause global warming since they can be
controlled. According to various researches on global warming, production of greenhouse gasses is
the major cause of global warming. Greenhouse gasses include water vapor, methane (CH4) carbon
dioxide (CO2), chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gasses absorb heat; thus,
causing global warming. Methane

The Subject And Objectives Of Operation Caream
The Subject and Objectives of Operation CAREAM The world is filled with a million billion solid
and liquid micro particles. These particles are known as Aerosols. Aerosols can be found in every
single place imaginable, from the oceans to the mountains to the Arctic. They drift in the Earth's
atmosphere and can be as small as a few nanometer to several micrometers. While they may seem
small, they have a very large impact upon the Earth and human health in general. Sources that form
aerosols include smoke. Ash, and soot, making 90% of their origination from natural sources such as
Volcanoes. However, since the start of the industrial age in the late 18th century, manufacturing
factory plants produce the remaining 10% of aerosol in the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Understanding this particular phenomenon will help scientists have a deeper knowledge on the
changing Earth climate, specifically in the Arctic region.
Mission Type of Operation CAREAM
Operation CAREAM is an Airborne–Earth based mission. Although it was designed to help NASA
workers develop a space–Earth based mission, using satellites that can gather the same amount of
data as a an aircraft within the inner layers of the Earth's atmosphere, Operation CAREAM uses an
aircraft to conduct its mission and achieve its goal. The main platform utilized in the mission is a C–
130H Hercules, launched from Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia (Craig, 2016). The mission type of
Operation CAREAM is the same as CARVE and DISCOVER–AQ, since both were Airborne–Earth
based missions (Jensen, n/a). Since the C–130H Hercules aircraft will conduct its research within
the stratosphere and below, Operation CAREAM is an Airborne–Earth based mission.
Operation CAREAM's Benefits and Uses The potential of Operation CAREAM can have world–
changing effects on the Earth and the people in it. The information gathered from this mission can
be used by many. It also has many beneficial components to it. One of the major organizations that
will use the information gathered in this mission is the IPCC, or Integral Panel on Climate Change.
It was established by the UNEP, or United Nation Environment Programme and WMO, World
Meteorological Organization in 1988 to provide a

The Pros And Cons Of Under Armour
Under Armour has severely limited its product offerings due to its primary target market, which is
geared mainly towards male athletes, aged 12–24. Their lack of diversity is a notable competitive
disadvantage to industry rivals Nike and Adidas. However, we have recently witnessed the growth
in demand for athletic–wear apparel – 6% (Marc Bain), as well as the growth in female sports
engagement across the United States (Statista). A potential strategic alternative could be to
significantly expand on their athletic apparel line. This expansion would primarily target female
athletes within the same male target range. In order to enhance the success in this field, they should
continue to add to the eight women (Under Armour Roster) who are currently apart of the Under
Armour endorsement roster.
Pros and Cons Analysis 1:
In our first strategy we suggest that Under Armour expands their women's line to tap its thriving
market segment. Nike's women's department accounted for $5.7 billion in fiscal 2015 in comparison
to $4.5 billion in 2013. In recent years, women have transitioned to wearing athletic apparel as
leisurewear. Lululemon, a flagship store known for it women's athletic apparel has incurred an
annualized growth rate of 23.5% over the past five years (Soni). There is surely a strong market for
women's athletic apparel. With such strong growth in the industry over the past few years, the
competition is beginning to establish their place in the market. With Nike's and

The Problems of Glaciers Melting Essay
Our planet has two glaciers of continental size, one being present on Antarctica and the other on
Greenland. Observations made by scientists over the last thirty–five years all agree upon the notion
of shrinking, and or retreating of the ice sheets. The melting of ice sheets has powerful implications
for the millions of people who depend on glacial melt for drinking water and the millions of people
who will be displaced by the sea level rise occurring as a direct result of the melting. The
observations of ice melting also show that the rate at which the ice is melting is accelerating.
Mountain glaciers around the world are also on the retreat. Some instances of particular mountain
glaciers may show expansion, but studies done by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A third method known as satellite gravimetry measures changes in Earth's gravity field by deducing
satellite data and determining changes in ice mass.
When considering the retreat of the Greenland and the Antarctic ice sheets it is important to
understand how global warming is affecting the total mass and volume of the ice sheets. Global
warming, put simply is affecting ice sheets in two main ways. Warmer temperatures cause higher
levels of precipitation, which means more snowfall. On the contrary, warming temperatures cause
ice sheets to thin and melt. Therefore we must deduce which has the greater effect. A variety of
techniques, some which have been mentioned earlier have been employed over the years to measure
Greenland and Antarctica's mass balances. Various independent measurements have all agree upon a
clear long–term trend showing a decline in ice mass. Confirmation has been acquired by the Gravity
Recovery and Climate Experiment, which measured shifts in Earth's gravity field. In the 1960s
Greenland was losing 100 gigatonnes of ice per year, this rate slowed during the 1970s and 1980s in
near mass balance. By 1996 the rate of ice mass loss had increased to 97 gigatonnes per year. As of
2007 a rapid increase of ice loss occurred, measured at 267 gigatonnes per year. In the larger scheme
of things we see how the amount of precipitation vs. the amount of melting interact with each other.
Earlier research suggested that the ice sheets

Taking a Look at Climate Change
If we are going to look at the consensus on climate change we should start by defining which group
of people is supposed to be reaching that consensus. All scientists are supposed to know all there is
to know about every field of science; 17,000 scientists signed a petition saying there's no convincing
evidence that greenhouse gases will disrupt the earth's climate; 31,000 scientists are saying that
global warming is beneficial. A lot a meteorologist become weather forecasters or pilots or teachers
or homemakers or businesspeople. There are no longer Geophysicist who specialize in measuring
seismic and magnetic anomalies. So the petition suggestion that everyone with a degree in
meteorology or geophysics knows a lot about climate change or is familiar with all the research
that's been done. Phil Chapman was described as a geophysicist when he wanted to promote his
thoughts on climate but his bio on NASA's website shows that he was a physicist who specialized in
aeronautical instrumentation. Tim Ball has a variety of titles 28 years professor of climatology at the
University of Winnipeg, 32 years as Professor of Climatology at the University of Winnipeg, a
former climatology professor. Professor Tim Ball of the Department of climatology at the University
of Winnipeg; first of all there is no climatology department at the University Winnipeg, climatology
was just one small element of the geography course that you taught your major was in geography
and you were geography

Botkin and Gore Argument on Global Warming Essay
Daniel Botkin and Al Gore have very different views on the issues of global warming. Botkin
contends that the scare tactics used by Gore and many similar thinking environmentalists are simply
a desperate means intended to alarm the public and force governments to take actions that are
unnecessary and misdirected. Gore alleges that immediate action is necessary to avoid increases in
the plant and animal extinction and the spread of diseases. Botkin admits that global warming is a
fact, but as a scientist, he cannot agree on the severity and negative effects of the condition. While
both men present compelling different arguments for their views on global warming, Gore has
seized the attention of the public laymen by writing books and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Gore uses these statistics to underscore the danger produced by hurricanes, and relates the severity
of these storms to global warming. He continues to cite related facts such as the need to rewrite
textbooks to deal with climatic phenomena never before experienced and to include record breaking
facts. For example, in the summer before the book was published, two hundred cities in the U.S.
broke all–time records. Others set records for consecutive days of extraordinary heat. Mumbai, India
received record amounts of rain–thirty–seven inches in on day. Melting glaciers, increases in the
growth of deserts, and increases in disease carrying insects also contribute to the grim facts of global
warming. However, Gore does not just present the problem. He issues the challenge for the
scientific community to seek ways to solve the problem, but he points out that these measures must
be taken now. The problem is so severe that actions must be immediate in order to be effective.
Comparing today's environmental problems to the wartime challenges faced by the World War Two
generation, Gore urges today's citizens and scientists to rise to the occasion and be willing to
sacrifice, if necessary, to solve the problems that society has created. Botkin assures his readers that
evidence that global warming ill produce negative effects on the planet is very weak. He too
presents scientific data to support his

Does Air Pollution Help Reduce Global Warming?
In the article Does Air Pollution Help Reduce Global Warming by Evan Galloway, the author starts
off with naming some of the many contributors to global warming. One example he uses is a fossil
fuel that we know as coal. Galloway goes on to describe what is released from the coal when it is
burned (which is carbon dioxide and sulfate) and the affect it has on our atmosphere. When sulfate
is released into the air it forms aerosols, which contribute to our pollution and acid rain. (Galloway,
2009) Lina M. Mercado of the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in the United Kingdom and other
colleagues, discovered new evidence that suggest aerosols might actually help reduce the amount of
carbon dioxide in the air. The new research presented by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
There is no doubt that these effects contribute to global dimming. However when a model of the
effect of aerosols were performed by Mercado and colleagues, they found that aerosols increase the
use of sunlight. An example used by Galloway explains the concept of aerosols increasing the use of
sunlight: if you let a water hose flow freely, the first few buckets will get full and overflow, but the
other buckets would get no water at all. When a spray attachment is added all buckets would receive
water and none will overflow, so no water is wasted. (Galloway, 2009) The example used by
Galloway above is the same way plants work. When light is shining on one leaf, its receiving more
sunlight than it actually needs. If the light is scattered, more leaves will have a chance of receiving
sunlight, exposing shadowed leaves to more light as well. Although the leaves will be getting less
light, the rest would be used for photosynthesis. None of the sunlight goes wasted. It is known that
most climate models take only global dimming into account. Those models show us that increasing
levels of aerosol in our atmosphere have caused a 15% loss in carbon dioxide intake by plants. But
when Mercado and colleagues included the aerosols effect of light scattering, they found instead a
10 % increase in the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by plants. (Galloway, 2009) Galloway
concludes the article with saying that the conclusion shouldn't be that

Debating the Human Contribution to Climate Change
Debating the Human Contribution to Climate Change
Debating the Human Contribution to Climate Change Global climate change is a hot point of
contention on an international scale. This subject went from ridicule, mockery, and doubt to massive
grassroots and nonprofit movements, heated debates, and media headlines. Though there exists
scientific research that dates back into the mid 20th century regarding impending climate change,
the subject was not take seriously by massive audiences until the 21st century. At first the debate
over global warming was whether or not it existed. The debate has evolved into whose fault is it and
strategies for counteracting or reversing the damage. The paper will provide a brief history of this
debate as well as a current understanding of both side of the argument. The paper aims to define
ways in which humanity both contributes and combats global climate change. As aforementioned,
when public figures such as former Vice President Al Gore began speaking publically regarding
global climate change, average people as well as experts & professionals across fields, did not take
these claims seriously. As more scientific research was performed, evidence mounted that at least
the Earth is in the midst of an environmental change of global proportions. Once this shift in the
issue occurred, the debate became more about the precise nature of global warming (identifying
markers) and the human contribution to the situation. Some argue that humans

Biosphere Worksheet Essay
University of Phoenix Material Biosphere Worksheet Section A: Answer the following questions in
complete sentences. 1. Define biosphere. Describe the part of the biosphere where humans can
survive. Biosphere can be described as our whole earth and all living entities that dwell in it. 2.
Based on this week's required readings, what are the main causes of threats to the biosphere? The
main causes of threats to the biosphere revolve around all the no sustainable practices that directly
affect our world; more specifically, the immediate and long–term effects of the incorrect disposal of
waste. 3. Define sustainability. What do scientists predict will happen in Earth's future if we do not
increase our sustainability ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
| |Water |Water supply cost increases that are a |Effectively manage water by replacing | |Ineffective
Water Management |result of diminishing supplies from |inefficient water fixtures, reducing use, | |
|upstream users and/or growing demand from |reusing water that is currently being | | |the suppliers'
customer base. |discarded. | |Energy |Emissions from coal plants are a |Renewable energy sources
such as | |Coal |significant environmental and public health|hydroelectricity, biomass, geothermal, | |
|concern. |wind, solar electric, and ocean power. | |Pollution |Hybrid–Electric vehicles are more
expensive|Create affordable fuel cell vehicles which | |Vehicle CO2 Emissions |to purchase.
|combine oxygen from the air with a hydrogen| | | |rich fuel or biofuels that has been | |

Essay on Global Warming: Is it a Real Problem?
Think of a person riding downhill on a bicycle that has no brake on the wheels, and who knows that
there is a large glass plate placed vertically somewhere across the way. The person is sensible
enough to predict that if he continues to enjoy this ever accelerating ride, he is going to collide
against the invisible glass plate in a short interval. But he is so deeply content on this ride that even
after the knowledge of a certain accident ahead unless he jumps out of the bicycle, he is willing to
go a bit farther for his personal fulfillment. Today, we face a similar situation in which we are
seemingly unwilling to help ourselves out of a possibly disastrous problem of global temperature
rise.
For as long as human beings have been in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We can also rephrase this statement by stating that excessive greenhouse gases would invite global
warming.
Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas naturally found in the atmosphere. Since the advent of the
Industrial Revolution in the 1700s, humans have devised many inventions that burn fossil fuels such
as coal, oil, and natural gases, which, along with other human activities such as clearing land for
agriculture or urban settlements, help some of these greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere
that in turn trap more heat radiation in the atmosphere causing the Earth's climate to become warmer
than it would naturally (Mastrandrea). This unnatural phenomenon is termed global warming by
scientists and they blame it for an increase in the Earth's surface temperature of about 0.6°C (about
1°F) over the last 100 years (Mastrandrea).
So, is the temperature really rising? This simple answer to this question is "Yes." According to
Watson, we now have strong evidences that the climate is changing and that human activities were
the primary cause of the changes during the 20th century (24). He asserts that the temperature
increase in the 20th century was greater than that for any other century during the last 1000 years
and the temperatures now are warmer than at any time during this period (26). Johns acclaim that
the rise in CO2 levels from 280 parts per million around 1700s to 380 p.m. Today is the major factor

Environmental Issues Learnt And Hypothetical Environmental...
Environmental issues learnt and hypothetical environmental leadership decisions xxxxxx xxxxx
University of the People
Word count 896
Abstract
We reflect on environmental issues learned so far and what has been an influencing factor and has
this shaped my attitude. The hypothetical scenario of implementing three programs to solve
environmental problems, three stages for each program and what the programs will achieve is also
discussed.
Environmental issues learnt and hypothetical environmental leadership decisions
Some key environmental issues covered so far are global warming, climate change, air pollution,
water quality and quantity, ecosystems and global dimming. Some key statements have had a strong
impact, these have been provided by the organisations NASA and the UN. The UN (2014) states that
every year more people die from unsafe water than war and violence. The UN (2014) also states that
an estimated 1.8 billion people will be in regions classified as water scarce by 2025. NASA (2014)
make the statements "Greenland lost 150 to 250 cubic kilometers of ice per year between 2002 and
2006" and "Antarctica lost about 152 cubic kilometers of ice between 2002 and 2005" and "The
oceans have absorbed much of this increased heat, with the top 700 meters of ocean showing
warming of 0.302 degrees Fahrenheit since 1969". This combined with other key messages backed
up by scientifically collected data highlights the importance and

Ipcc Status Report on Climate Change Summary Essay
IPCC Status Report on Climate Change Summary
Abstract
The following is a summary of the IPCC Status Report on Climate Change. The following questions
will be answered: is climate change occurring? About which aspects of climate change are we
certain? Uncertain? What are the main factors determining climate change today? What is the
likelihood that humans have caused these changes and what data supports this conclusion? And
finally, what information is not yet available or are we unable to access at this time that may have
bearing on the report and our understanding of climate change?
The IPCC Status Report on Climate Change Summary for Policymakers is an assessment of the
current scientific understanding of the impacts of climate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The main factors in this climate change are observed to be the increase in temperatures and the
resulting acidification of the oceans. The previously mentioned changes and others in the report are
readily observable, such as the uptake of anthropogenic carbon since 1750 that has led to the ocean
becoming more acidic, with an average decrease in pH of 0.1 units and in some instances blatantly
obvious, even to the average layperson. It is difficult to conclude what the rate of change in the
future will be and the effects of observed ocean acidification on the marine biosphere.
The report concludes, again with "high confidence", that anthropogenic (human caused) warming
has had a discernible influence on many of our planets physical and biological systems. While there
are limitations and gaps in the knowledge available, particularly from undeveloped countries, the
knowledge available allowed the group to attribute most of the observed increase in the globally
averaged temperature since the mid–20th century to the observed increase in anthropogenic
greenhouse gas concentrations. The analysis was necessarily limited in the number of systems and
locations considered. In addition, natural temperature variability is larger at the regional than at the
global scale, thus affecting identification of changes due to external forcing and at the regional scale
other factors such as land–use change and pollution, are an environmental

Urban Heat Island Effect On New York City
aid the initial water uptake and growth even of particles dominated by very low–solubility
compounds (Andreae 2008)
In a study of New York City, Hosannah (2014) found that particle size distribution with a high
volume of fine mode particles in urban areas can suppress precipitation. Particle size distribution
with a high volume of coarse mode particles (with giant cloud condensation nuclei) enhanced
precipitation totals. Urban effects also changed spatial precipitation patterns. Jin et al (2005) found
weekly signals of aerosol optical thickness for summer months in AERONET measurements, and in
MODIS cloud effective radius over New York City. Aerosols were also elevated seasonally, with
peaks in summer. This study also found that cloud ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another idealized image is Figure 2.10, with diurnal fluctuations in UHI intensity. The magnitude of
the UHI effect is defined as the urban–rural temperature difference, written as ΔTU–R. Part (d) in
this figure shows how the loss of heat is much greater in the evening in rural compared with
urbanized regions, when urban structures release sensible heat, and (e) shows that the strongest UHI
is from about 7pm to 7am.
Figure 2.9 Idealized urban heat island http://eetd.lbl.gov/HeatIsland/HighTemps/
Figure 2.10 Idealized urban/rural differences under UHI conditions. (a) shows urban and rural
temperatures on a diurnal period from noon to noon; (b) shows the rates of change of those
temperatures, and (c) shows the difference between urban and rural. (Cox,

Article Review : The Particulate Matter 2.5
Author (Arial, Bold, 10 point) Ziqi Zhou
Author Affiliation (Arial, Bold, 10 point) University, Department, Building, City, State, Country)
The Ohio State University, Department of Art, Hopkins Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (USA)
Article Title (Arial, Bold, 10 point, 10 word limit) The PM2.5 (particulate matter 2.5) emissions
from household raw coal affect the life expectancy in China
Article Preview/"Teaser" (10–15 words, Arial, 10 point, the teaser is NOT the same as an Abstract)
Please insert a few brief sentences that will catch a reader's attention. These words will display in
the search results list. Try to include a question or statement that describes your article and the most
important keywords for the article.
The particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) emissions from household uncompressed raw coal linked to
human health and affect the life expectancy in China
Full Article Text (1000–1250 words, Use Arial and 10 pt. font size)
In the past decade, China has experienced severe haze pollution. According to the research data,
over these years, 14 million tons of Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and 2 million tons of Black
Carbon (BC) were emitted into the atmosphere annually. As is shown in Figure 1, the air condition
in Beijing was so poor that the whole city was enveloped with the haze. In ambient air, particulate
matter 2.5 (PM2.5) refers the particles that is less than or equal to 2.5 micron in aerodynamic
equivalent diameter. These emissions of

Global Warming Essay
Global warming has becamebecome an accepted fact in the present century (Li et al. 2017). the
consensus in the half past century, Tthe rate of warming in the globally mean surface temperature
during the period fromcalculated since 1951 to 2012 was 0.012℃·a–1 globally. , Hhowever, the
significant increasing rate in the TA (0.021 ℃·a–1) across the entire HRB was was about twice two
time higher than the global average (Alexander et al., 2013), which is consistent with the findings of
Sun et al. (2006), and Ren et al., (2005). also nearly. At the same time, the average warming rate was
increased at a rate of (0.022 ℃·a–1) over the past 50 years in China (Ding et al., 2006), while an
interesting phenomenon was observed in this study that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shan et al. (2015) have found this reason for declining the WS rate especially, especially in
Northwest China, which where implemented Chinese forestry and ecological projects have
implemented in such as large scale afforestation and reforestation as well as grain for green or
grassland., the typical projects included Three–North Forest Protection and Beijing–Tianjin Sand
Source Control projects (Shan et al., 2015). Furthermore, accelerated urbanization due to the
economic development and population growth may be reasoned forcan also interpret the decreasing
es in WS, , particularly in especially the regions near the meteorological stations. The decreasing
rate of WS will reduce the migration of water molecules, decline the impact of aerodynamic force
on ETref, and therefore downward trend in ETref (Teh, 2006). However, the significant downward
trend in the WS at each station of the HRB is was still in debatable mattere and needed to further
research. and discussion. Solar radiation (SR) is the crucial energy source on the earth, and some
studies have found the decreasing trend in SR (Liu et al., 2010; Liu and Zhang, 2013; Xu et al.,
2006a) which arewere similar to the results of the HRB. Meanwhile, a A long sequence of radiation
observations showed that theis decreasing trend of the SR occurred before 1980s (Liepert, 2002;

Religion, Poverty, and Wealth Essay
Religion, Poverty, and Wealth
Christians believe strongly in world equality, as they feel that they have a responsibility to care for
the poor and needy. These responsibilities are based upon the five key Christian ideas
1. Stewardship
Genesis (1: 28 – 31)
In this story God creates Adam and Eve. He builds a beautiful house and a beautiful garden with
trees laden with ripe and delicious fruit for them to live in. 'Pick the fruit and eat it freely,' God told
them, 'but do not eat the fruit from the tree in the middle as it is evil, and if eaten you will die.' One
day a cunning snake persuaded Eve to eat a piece of fruit from the forbidden tree. After much
persuasion Eve reluctantly took ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Lord Elijah was enraged and cursed the King's family for eternity.
The moral of this story is to not use your power to demand personal and sentimental belongings
from others. But 'Bob Geldof' has twisted this parable by using his power to help poverty stricken
people (Make Poverty History fund).
3. Human life is sacred
Genesis (1: 26 – 27)
'All men and women are created equal. In Genesis we are told that every individual is special
because we are all made in the image of God. Rich or poor we are all of equal importance and every
life is sacred.'
This teaching is emphasising Christians to treat everyone equally disregarding their creed, colour,
culture or finical purposes.
4. The Golden rule
Luke (10: 25 – 37)

The Good Samaritan
There was once a Jew who was travelling along a long and dangerous road. All of a sudden a group
of robbers beat him and stole his belongings, they left him stripped and half–dead by the roadside. A
priest walked past and saw the body, but quickly moved on, afterwards a Levite walked past and did
the same thing. Then a Samaritan walked past, no Jew had ever been nice to him, but he still helped
the injured man by wrapping his wounds in bandages. He carefully lifted him onto his donkey and
took him to the nearest inn, ordering the inn keeper to look after and treat the injured

Impacts Of Anthropogenic Greenhouse And Trace Gases On The...
The Impacts of Anthropogenic Greenhouse and Trace Gas Emissions on the Ocean
By: Lexie Herdt, Meredith Fish, and Samantha Ballard
Meteo 470: Video Research Project
12/15/14
Introduction:
Anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and other trace gases affect the atmosphere, ocean, biosphere and
cryosphere (IPCC, 2014). These components of the climate system stimulate interactions between
each other ranging from synoptic to microscale processes and including everything in between.
Since the industrial revolution, human–produced emissions have been changing the world around us
(IPCC, 2014). The phenomenon of having greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere is
natural and necessary to support life on Earth. However, the buildup of greenhouse gases ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This research is intended to further the understanding of how the Earth's climate will be affected
with rising anthropogenic emissions.
Each of the world's countries contributes different amounts of both gas and particle emissions to the
atmosphere influencing changes in weather and climate on a daily basis. The main anthropogenic
emissions in the climate system are Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
and Aerosols, each consisting of a different atmospheric lifetime. Since the United States endorses
open access to scientific data, tools and resources to conduct research, it is more beneficial to
analyze the anthropogenic emission sources of the United States over other industrialized countries
whose data is not so freely available to the public (Auer et al., 2007). The United States is the
second highest emitter or polluter in the world. The burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and
transportation produces most of the United States' emissions. Due to the country's dependence on
fossil fuels, the United States' emission footprint is expanding. With a growing population and an
expanding economy, the United States is urbanizing at an expansive rate. The increase in population
as well as the modernization of our world is causing Americans to increase their energy
consumption through increased transportation and the development of new cities. All in

Qualitative Interview Essay
Ahead of our call, here is an outline of our initial thinking on themes and issues to explore in the
qualitative interviews. This is based on our thinking to date about the aims the project and our
reading of your existing research.
It would be useful to get your take on the ideas, and then we can turn these into a discussion guide
for the interviews.
Overall thoughts
It is worth flagging a few overall points and observations:
 This research needs to balance your larger, company–wide goal – overcoming negativity toward
for–profit companies working in the education field – with dynamics present in your local, target
areas.
 Pearson's existing research covers many motifs and values, from the importance of digital
learning to how Pearson's scale can be leveraged to strengthen its brand. In this research, we should
attempt to tease out which of these concepts work or has been changed given recent political events,
like Brexit.
 We are conscious of how recent events, like the Every Student Achieves acts or presidential
campaign, might impact perceptions in the current education field for the foreseeable future. We will
need to understand these current perceptions, as well as future and past views about the role of for–
profits in education.
 We need to ensure a number of questions can replicated across our different research instruments
and targets, to quantify them and allow for more holistic analysis.
Suggested areas to cover
We have outlined the following

The Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment
Geoengineering is the on purpose mass manipulation of the environment, in an attempt to stop or
slow down the effects of global warming. It is being used as we speak to help save the atmosphere
and slow global warming. Although it's known that global warming is changing the planet for the
worse, is Geo–Engineering the best way to fight it? Global Warming is melting our ice caps and sea
levels are constantly rising at an alarming rate. If it is not combatted many major cities will be
wiped off of the planet. The world has been combating geoengineering for a while with emitting
chemtrails one among many of ideas. Although many ways are quick and relatively cheap, they all
have their downsides.
A popular tactic is the chemical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their purpose is to reflect the sunlight back into space and lower the planet's temperature. This
process is known as global dimming. These little particles leave thick lingering streaks in the sky
and take unusually long to dissipate. Organizations have been intervening in the climate to bring
down the temperatures of the planet. Even though they may appear to be regular plane contrails,
after a while it is easy to tell the difference.
These pieces of aluminum hurt humans in a large way too. As the small particles drop down to the
ground they end up everywhere. The sprayings are regular, but usually are done on sunny clear days.
They end up in lakes and ponds and even in our lungs. These particles made up of small pieces of
metal are mostly aluminum. The high concentrations can cause brain damage and many other
problems such as kidney failure, nervous system impairment and memory loss at times. The
particles can also mess up our digestive systems. Even though it may seem easy to combat if you
stay inside for us it is even harder. The same water that is infected by the aluminum runs off into our
lakes, ponds, and streams and into our wells. The same wells that supply us with all the water our
homes receive. Now kids are being born with more respiratory problems as a result of the high
levels being passed from their mother. Even though it is widely seen scientists to this day continue
to deny this idea. When brought up in press conferences

Essay about Global Warming: Why It's Happening
Global warming has been a hot topic for generations. Questions like "Is it natural or man–made?",
"What is causing it?", or "How can we reduce it?", have stumped scientists and engineers. Most
people think that reducing global warming means having to buy expensive "green" contraptions or
driving electric cars, that can be dangerous, due to their size, and can take hours to charge. Those
would be great things to do to reduce our impact on global climate change, but unfortunately, in our
current economic state, most people don't have that kind of money. Fortunately, there are effective
and cost efficient ways to reduce global warming and live a cleaner, greener and healthier life. There
are many theories as to why global warming is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If too many greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere, too much heat will become trapped
and the Earth's temperature will rise. Since the use of the beforementioned have become more
frequent, the parts per million (ppm) of atmospheric greenhouse gases have risen, too.
The negative effects of this rise is frightening, and may start effecting the planet very soon. When
the planet warms, glaciers, and polar ice caps melt causing a rise in sea level. The melting of
glaciers also removes many people of their clean water because 80% of all the people on Earth
depend on the run–off from glaciers. The rise in sea level floods coast lines, destroying homes and
buildings along the coast, and filling streets with water. This will force humans to have more
densely populated cities that may become so overpopulated that diseases may start to spread
quickly. With the water shortage and the extreme heat, deaths by dehydration and disease will
become more common. If people don't start to take action to reduce global warming, that could soon
become the world we live in.
Thankfully though, this will only happen if we continue consuming and polluting as much as we do
today. You may have heard of "Energy Star" products or homes. The homes are certified to use 15 to
30% less energy than those that are not Energy Star certified. Energy Star certified products can also
help reduce your harm on the environment.

"For the Sake of Our Planet, Tourism Should Be...
The world is huge and mysterious, full of wonders and surprises, and humans are ever inquisitive by
nature. The need for human to consistently travel and quench their curiousity through new
discoveries had been evident since early civilization. Like those myths and legends of Gulliver's
Travels to appease the curiousity of people in the pastof the vast , unknwon Eart, to the real history
and conquers of Marco Popl, humans have never find it enough to stop unreveling the wonders of
nature and Earth to cease travelling. Especially with the advancement of and improvement of
transport technologies. When we needed months, even years, of perilous travels across oceans, now
we just need a few luxurious hours on planes to reach our destinations. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The environment may be destroyed in the process of building these infrastructures, like the clearing
of lands for not only the hotels and shops, but also for better accessibility and transport system. This
may eventually lead to overcrowding of the tourist spot. Following are the air and noise pollution,
unavoidable when overpopulation occurs. This further degrades the environment.
Therefore tourism should be discouraged as it can cause great harm to the environment of that
particular tourist spot with the influx followed by the tourism industry.
Also the travelling in modern modes of transports like air palnes and various land transports releases
large amount of carbon gases that can result in global temperature rise. And of course the rise in
carbon emmision is a major influece from the rise in tourism as many prefer the mode of transport
by air. The advancemnet of transporation technology by air has not only hasten travelling time, but
as thismode of transport became more common, it became cheaper as well. Many budget airline
companies are springing out, making travelling more affordable and more popular. However 12% of
the world's carbon emmision is contributed by aviation.
Although there are many other industries and activities, like factories wastes, which produce more
carbon emmision than air travel alone, discouraging tourism (along with other sectors) can help cut
down on the carbon emmision.
But on the other hand, as more people travel due to their

The Catastrophic Impact of Rising Oceans on the Pacific...
The Catastrophic Impact of Rising Oceans on the Pacific Islands
All over the world indigenous communities are faced with an array of new problems, though the
public continues to gain insight into the lives of these people they continue to be marginalized in the
global arena as well. The Pacific Islands are an entity far removed from the minds of most
westerners. The primary focus of any political discourse within the United States places most
emphasis on Australia and New Zealand ignoring the smaller less politically salient states. However,
it is these smaller islands that will bare the brunt of one huge problem in the future, global warming.
For the purpose of this paper I will ignore the polemics of global warming and not ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not only have increased temperatures been noticed on dry–land but also in the oceans, which is
even more frightening. It is worse because the oceans absorb a lot of the atmospheric heat if it
weren't for that the land temperatures would be even higher. And with the polar ice caps receding the
mean oceanic sea level is also rising.
Speaking strictly in terms of the next hundred years the islands with the lowest altitudes are of
greatest concern in regard to swelling oceans. Low–lying island states and atolls are especially
vulnerable to climate change and associated sea–level rise because in many cases much of the
terrain rarely exceeds 3–4m above present mean sea level. This is not to say that the other higher
islands will escape unscathed from rising sea levels. For them the problem isn't necessarily complete
immersion but the alteration of costal zones is of concern. It is in these regions that most of the main
settlements are and a majority of the vital economic infrastructures, making them very vulnerable.
The ecosystems of the ocean are particularly sensitive to slight but permanent changes in the
average surface temperature of the earth. For the people of the Pacific Islands this is crucial
connected to their future. First, the coral reefs that are in the shallow waters surrounding many of
the pacific islands are incredibly fragile to begin with. The

A Study of Climate Change Adaptation Practices and Their...
A study of Climate change adaptation practices and their implementations.
1) Introduction–
A series of reports issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the Nineties
conclusively linked increasing climate variability as a consequence of human actions resulting in
increasing quantities of Green House Gases in the environment.
These reports led to a call for international action and thus the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was established in 1994. The Framework envisaged two
main strategies to tackle climate change–
Mitigation– processes involving reducing the output of green house gases
Adaptation–methods used to cope with climate change
1.1) The need for Adaptation–
Mitigation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Sunderbans, located in West Bengal, have been particularly susceptible to typhoons arising
from the Bay of Bengal. Farmers have relied on embankments to segregate saline sea water from
engulfing their soil but the devastation caused by Typhoon Aila in 2009 destroyed approximately
900 kms of embankment thus salinating many miles of agricultural land. This prompted Kolkata
NGO, Society for Environment and Development (ENDEV) to look into introducing strains of
paddy rice which were resistant to saline water and soil thus providing farmers a lifeline to their
crop yield.
ENDEV activists took a year to identify five indigenous salt resistant seeds :
Hamilton
Talmugur
Nona bokra
Lal getu
Sada getu
The NGO then collaborated with five other organisations in the Sunderbans to propagate the new
seeds. The harvest observed after subsequent planting of these seeds was satisfactory despite the late
monsoons in 2012.
Citation– (Ghosh, 2013)
4) Case Study 'B': Radio as a means of climate change education in Bundelkhand through the 'Shubh
Kal' project.
Azadpura village in the Indian district

We'Re Hot as Hell
We're Hot as Hell
Is global warming a moral dilemma? Is it the public policy problem from hell? In "The
Environmental Issue from Hell," Bill McKibben uses many of such phrases en route to arguing for a
new approach to global warming. By discussing hell and morals, the reader's mind is already
equating it with two heavily debated issues. Therefore, we begin to question their existence and how
we should deal with the subjects. McKibben wisely chooses these disputes to represent his main
concerns: the ways in which consumerism affects the global ecosystem, and the impact of humans
on the environment. McKibben presents a solution on how to handle each of these environmental
issues, utilizing both the people and the government.
McKibben's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mckibben inaugurates his third paragraph suggesting that we make the environmental issues, ""the
great moral crisis of our time, and the equivalent of the civil rights movement of the 1960s."(747).
He uses this analogy to explain that in his opinion, we are strip–mining the present and destroying
all of whom come after it. Thus, leading him to discuss exactly how humans' materialistic ways have
impacted the earth. From Bangladesh living three months in thigh high–deep water, to polar bears
becoming "20% scrawnier than they were a decade ago" (748). The environmentalist writer goes on
to discuss how to deal with global warming since it is indeed creeping up on us.
Mckibben once again articulates his repetitive view that, "it's a moral question, finally, if you think
we owe any debt to the future." (748). In many circumstances it is believed that if it had been done
to us, we would dislike the generation that did it, just as how we will one day be disliked. The
solution given in the essay on how to handle these environmental issues is to start a moral campaign.
In other words, "... turn it into a political issue, just as bus boycotts began to make public the issue
of race, forcing the system to respond. " (748). As a part of the overall populist causing these issues,
Mckibben understands that the hardest part about starting this moral campaign is identifying a
villain to overcome. Briefly

Effects Of Global Warming On The World Essay
Diseases, war, etc... Those are major concerns of this world, and climate change is always a hot
issue given to debate. It 's not just a matter of a single country, but it's a problem of the whole human
race. Humanity is facing the risk of extinction. The impact of environmental pollution leads to
climate change and natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes. Those disasters
are caused by the impact of humans to nature, such as deforestation, ecological imbalance, and use
of chemicals. Gas emissions from industries in urban areas are also a big factor that causes global
warming. Earth's temperature has been increasing each year. Glaciers melting are one of the early
signs of global warming. If more glaciers melt, the sea level will increase which may cause flooding
in certain areas. Global dimming is even more harmful to humans than global warming. Global
dimming is also caused by humans because of the air pollution caused by burning coal, oil, and
wood, which releases carbon dioxide to the earth's atmosphere. Air pollution can cause all kinds of
illnesses, such as lung cancer, heart diseases, and asthma. Climate change is impactful worldwide.
Even though some people say that climate change happens naturally, I believe it is caused by the
impact of human activity. It is clear to see how the impact of humans affects the climate. As the
human population increases rapidly, the need for housing, food, factories, and buildings also
increases. Although, forests

We Must Stop Global Warming Now! Essay
When the topic of global warming comes up in conversation many people either groan and avoid
conversation, or don their dueling gloves and prepare for a heated debate. Some people feel guilty
and concerned; some simply do not care. Different points of view yield different stances on the
subject. Coming from the scientific and environmental points of view, myrmecologist Edward O.
Wilson discusses the severity of global warming, some of the threads of thought that oppose his
own, and some of the consequences of continued mistreatment of the environment in his book The
Future of Life. While some people may claim ignorance on the subject, global warming and
substantial data showing annual increases in global temperature have ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Others are aware of the situation, but are unwilling to make changes because their focus lies
elsewhere. One of the main points of view that frequently opposes the environmentalist and
ecologist ways of thinking is that of the economist. From the economist's perspective, the focus is
on production and consumption. He may think: "this is only hurting the environment a little bit, if
there are consequences they will be far down the road and we can deal with them once we are more
financially stable and have developed better technology." Nobody can argue with the economist for
prioritizing in such a manner, and Wilson attempts to reason out the logic noting, "he is right, of
course. Every species lives on production and consumption... The economist's thinking is based on
precise models of rational choice and near–horizon time lines. His parameters are the gross domestic
product, trade balance, and competitive index... The planet, he insists, is perpetually fruitful and still
underutilized" (24). The economist is merely thinking in the way that he has been taught to think; he
is logically managing his immediate goals, but he is failing to utilize critical thinking to fully grasp
the issue at hand. Waiting until global warming is a more immediate threat and assuming that the
damage will be stoppable or treatable at that point are concepts that fail to take the immense risk
into consideration. The

Air Pollution And Its Effects
Air pollution has been around for centuries now, but it has not been until recently that it has become
an issue. Air pollution is a problem that is more severe than the general public understands it to be
for several reasons. I chose this topic because its effects on the health of the general public have
become more prevalent over the years. It has become a concern to me because my health is affected
as well. Not only does it impact our health and well–being, air pollution is causing multiple
environmental disturbances, including contributing to global warming and global dimming. The
existence of air pollution has been around since the early days. Air pollution is the introduction of a
harmful or poisonous substance in the air. There are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Natural order controls the levels of these gases present in the air; emission is balanced out by uptake
through sinks. For example, oceans, plants, and trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to
even out the return of the gas going into the atmosphere.
However, the start of the Industrial Revolution in the late 1800s introduced an imbalance in the
levels of greenhouse gases. Deforestation around the globe depleted the number of trees and plants
necessary to keep the balance. The Industrial Revolution also marked a new age in which factories
became the primary production source of manufactured goods. The iron and textile industries grew
tremendously. In order to meet requirements, factories, power plants, and machines became
necessary for the mass production of manufactured goods ("Industrial Revolution," 2009). The
operations of these factories, power plants, and machines required the burning of the fossil fuel coal,
which is now one of the main sources of sulfur dioxide deposits in the atmosphere. The growth of
the transportation industry also promoted the levels of pollution in the air. Most vehicles, including
trains, cars, boats, and planes, utilize fossil fuels. Thus the amount of carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere have drastically increased ("Water and Air Pollution,"
2009). The impact of the Industrial Revolution shows the effects of human productivity to be more
potent for air pollution than natural emissions.

Conspiracy Theory Of Chemtrails
When you look up at the sky and you see these weird straight lines that are behind jets those are
called chemtrails. Chemtrails are created when a jet engine is releasing hot, humid air into the
atmosphere that is cold and has low pressure, the result is these white lines that you see come out of
the jet. To break it down the jet releases water vapor and when it's coming out of the engine it
quickly condenses into water droplets and then turns into ice crystals. The ice crystals are the lines
(clouds) that are forming behind the jet engine. Some people believe that they are something
chilling. Some people believe in the conspiracy theory that the chemtrails are not condensation that
they are chemicals being secretly released into the

Decision Making On Black Carbon Mitigation
Decision–Making on Black Carbon Mitigation
Introduction
There have been myriad of findings over the past couple of years suggesting that climate change
may be happening far faster than we originally anticipated. Climate change has the potential to
trigger abrupt transitions such as the release of carbon from thawing permafrost, ocean acidification,
sea level rise, and biodiversity loss. The world has warmed by about 1.5°F, and by 2100 it is
projected to rise another 2 to 11.5°F (Karl et al., 2009). Scientists conclude that greenhouse gases
(GHG) from anthropogenic sources are the most significant driver of observed climate change
(IPCC 2013). GHG have the property of absorbing the infrared radiation given off by the Earth and
re–emitting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
BC has a short atmospheric residence time of days to weeks, while long‐lived GHGs can persist in
the atmosphere for centuries. Therefore, reductions in GHG emissions will take longer to influence
atmospheric concentrations and will have less impact on climate on a short timescale, whereas
reductions in current BC emissions are immediate (Bice et al., 2009). Apart from that, some
scientists (Shindell & Faluvegi 2009, Ramanathan & Feng 2009, Quinn et al. 2008, Jacobson 2010)
attribute up to 50% of arctic ice melting to BC emissions, therefore its emissions reductions can
substantially decrease the rate at which arctic ice is melting. Thus, initiatives focused on lowering
BC will help offset the impact of decades of GHG emissions and give efforts to reduce carbon
dioxide (CO2) emissions time to get off the ground. It's worth mentioning that BC also has adverse
effect on human health, such as premature mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and
development of chronic respiratory disease, so targeting BC emissions will be beneficial from the
public health standpoint (EPA 2011).
Bringing black carbon into climate strategy offers a complementary route to act on climate change,
but the scientific understanding of black carbon climate effects isn't fully complete to support this
proposition. On the one hand, there's a group of scientists who conclude that BC is one of the most
important human emission in terms of its climate forcing in current atmosphere, as it

Essay on Climate Change and The Rise in Sea Level
"On a recent afternoon, Scott McKenzie watched torrential rains and a murky tide swallow the street
outside his dog–grooming salon. Within minutes, much of this stretch of chic South Beach was
flooded ankle–deep in a fetid mix of rain and sea.
"Welcome to the new Venice," McKenzie joked as salt water surged from the sewers." –––––
Michael J. Mishak, Associated Press June 7, 2014 at 4:24 PM EDT
According to the World Bank Development Report 2013 there has been an increase in global surface
temperature of 0.4 to 0.9 Celsius (C) in the past 100 years. This change in temperature largely
caused, according to the IPCC, by the release of GHGs through human activities. There are several
effects associated to the change in global ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Recent studies (such as Wigley and Raper, 1987) have shown that 2 to 5 centimeters in sea level
rise, in the period of 1880–1985, can be explained by thermal expansion (Warrick, 1990). Moreover,
studies (such as Meier, 1984) have found evidence that 2–6 centimeters of sea level rise can be
explained by the melting of glaciers (Warrick, 1990). According to the International Programme for
Climate Change's estimates sea level will rise between "0.3 and 1.0 meter by 2100, with a best–
guess estimate of 0.5 meter" (World Resources, 1998–99). A rise in sea level will most likely affect
coastal, deltaic, and low–lying populations and ecosystems. Still, more of global coastal areas are
being developed for the demand of growing populations. According to World Resources (1998–99),
"sixteen of the world's largest cities with populations of more than 10 million are located in coastal
zones." Coastal areas in particular will be affected severely in terms of beach and coastal erosion,
permanent inundation, temporary flooding, and increased water salinity – among other things – are
possible environmental consequences of sea level rise. For the United Kingdom "a 1 meter/yr cliff
retreat rate would increase by 0.35

Rhetorical Analysis
1: Cynthia Tucker "Climate Change Deniers Push Back On Environmental Regulation"
2014
The Main point of view in this article is how disasters like flooding and drought which are attributed
to the changing climate are affecting some parts of the country. Weather forecasters issued flash
flooding for the Deep South's coastal areas while California is struggling with drought that has
created trouble for the economy.
The other main point of this article is that scientists are saying the increased temperature will lead to
sever weather of all kinds including drought or global warming which can cause the atmosphere to
hold more moisture leading to high rainfall. Because of the threat of the changing climate, president
Obama made climate

Human Activity And Climate Change
The IPCC define climate change as "change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g.
using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists
for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It refers to any change in climate over time,
whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity" ( "Observed"). In today's society,
there are various opinions over whether humans are contributing to climate change or if natural
causes are contributing to climate change. Some people believe that humans are the main
contributor to climate change, whilst others believe that natural causes are playing a substantially
bigger role in contributing to climate change. Both human and natural causes play a role in
contributing to climate change.
An example of human activity playing a role in contributing to climate change is the increased
burning of fossil fuels, which inevitably leads to increased energy consumption. There appears to be
a positive correlation, even a causation between increased energy consumption and increased carbon
dioxide emissions from 1854 to 2000. For example, in 1854, the world energy consumption for coal,
oil and natural gas combined was "28 exajoules", by 2000, the world energy consumption for coal,
oil and natural gas combined was "1375 exajoules" (Gail Tverberg). Furthermore, during the
industrial revolution from 1760 to 1840, where there was a drastic change in methods of

Essay about Beyond the Climate Crisis
Beyond the Climate Crisis
It's not secret that the human race is harming the planet. People cut down forests, release toxic gases
into the air, and dump pollutants into the waterways. It's a way of life and some of these activities
are actually necessary to carry on civilized life. Nevertheless, there are ways to reduce harmful
effects on the planet, and the human race is actually making progress in reducing emissions and
replacing the trees that are constantly cut down. However, not all options are being pursued.
Reasons for this go beyond the general skepticism of global warming and the like. There is both
economic and political favorability in environmental negligence, and behind every one of these
reasons, one simple truth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a photograph of a factory in the outskirts of Beijing. Unfortunately, this is where many of the
blue collar factory workers also live, so they are exposed to the toxic smoke almost 24 hours a day.
Not only the blue collar workers are affected; about one percent of the Beijing population actually
lives in areas that have "clean air" according to a standard set by the European Union (Kahn). The
photographer who took this picture chose the right subjects. One of the silhouettes appears to be
coughing, and in a more gruesome gallery, Lu Guang documents people that have been affected by
toxins, both in air and water, in a polluted China. These acute health risks are a problem for the
Chinese residents, but the pollution poses a long term threat to the entire world. China currently
produces the most carbon emissions of any country in the world, just over 6 billion tons per year
(Each country's share). While this statistic may seem unimaginably big, so is the population of
China. Per capita carbon emissions from china are only about 5 tons per year, which is relatively
low when compared to almost 20 tons per capita for the United States (Each country's share).
Another unbelievable statistic is that the entire European Union combined produces almost two
billion tons less carbon dioxide than the United States. The population of the European Union is also
180 million more. The GDP (total amount of products

Climate Change In Peru Essay

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Nicole Jones

More from Nicole Jones (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Climate Change In Peru Essay